Industrial Garment Washing & Dyeing

Q 01) Definition of garment washing.

Ans.
The technology which is used to modify the appearance, out look comfort ability &
fashion of the garments is called garment washing.

Q 02) Purpose of washing.

Ans.
Purpose of washing/Best wash look is the best touch of a garment - This may be
explained in the following way:-
1. Washing process of garment is done to create wash look appearance. After
washing the garments create a new looks which seems the new touch of fashion.
2. By the washing technique, faded/old look, color or tinted affect is created in the
garments which also seem the best touch of garments.
3. Washing technique creates new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy,
Blasting, whickering, permanent Crinkle, deep dye, tie dye, P. P spray, hand
crapping, P.P Sponging etc. This also seems the best touch of garments.
4. The main and important function of washing is to reduce size materials as a
result the garment become size free and become soft hand feel.
5. When these soft garments are touched then it seems to best touch of garments.
6. To attraction the customers/Buyer by different types of Fashionable washing and
market developments.
7. Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is no possibility of
further shrinkage of the wash garments.
8. Any dirt, spot or germ if added in the garments during manufacturing is also
removed due to washing.

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Q 03) Write different types of dry processing.
Ans.
The types of dry processing are given below:
1. Sand Blasting.
2. Hands Scraping.
3. Over All Crinkles.
4. Permanent Crinkle.
5. Grinding & Destroy.
6. Broken & Tagging.
7. P. P Spray & P. P Sponging.
8. Whickering.
9. 3D Crinkle etc.
Q 04) Write the different types of wet processing.
Ans.
The types of wet processing are given below:
1. Normal Wash / Garments Wash / Rinse Wash.
2. Pigment Wash.
3. Caustic Wash.
4. Silicon Wash.
5. Stone Wash.
6. Enzyme Wash.
7. Stone Enzyme Wash.
8. Acid Wash.
9. Bleach Wash
10.Tinting & Over Dyeing.
11.Deep Dye.
12.Tie Dye.
Q 05) Write the machine name which is used in washing plant.
Ans.
Type of machines is used in washing plant is given below:
1. Sample Washing Machine (Horizontal Type & Vertical Type).
2. IndutrialWashing Machine (Front Loading & Side Loading).
3. Hydro Extractor Machine.
4. Industrial Dryer Machine (Steam & Gas).
5. Chemical Mixture Machine.

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 6. Industrial Oven (Gas/Electric).
7. Boiler.
8. Submersible Pump.
9. Grinding Machine.
10.Tagging Machine.
11.Steam Chamber for Crinkle.
12.E.T.P (Effluent Treatment Plant).
13.Generator.
14.Sand Blasting Gun.
15.Sand Blasting Chamber.
16.Spray Gun and Dummy.
17.Screw Compressor.
18.Laser Draw.
Q 06) Write the chemical name which is used in washing plant.
Ans.
Type of chemical used in washing plant are given below:
1. Enzyme.
2. Detergent.
3. Acetic Acid.
4. Anti-stain.
5. Bleaching Power.
6. Sodium Hyposulfite.
7. Caustic Soda.
8. Soda Ash.
9. Sodium Bicarbonate.
10.Potassium Permanganate.
11.Cationic / Nonionic Flax Softener.
12.Micro Emulsion Silicon.
13.Salt (Sodium Chloride).
14.Buffer.
15.Hydrogen Peroxide.
16.Stabilizer.
17.Fixing Agent.
18.Catanizer.
19. Optical Brightener.
20.Resin.
21.Sodium Metabisulphite.
22.De-Sizing Agent.
23.Leveling Agent.

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Q 07) what is the purpose of normal wash?
Ans.
Normal wash is required for the following reasons:
1. To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from the garments.
2. For soft feeling to wear the garments after purchasing.
3. To value added the Garments.

Q 08) Describe first and second step of normal / garment wash.

Ans.
First Step of normal / garment wash:
– Lot size……....................... 70 kg Twill / Canvas Garment.
– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 .. 560. Liter.
– Temperature........... Sometime cold & sometime 40°c .
– Machine Running.
– Add detergent @ 0.5 gm / liter
– Time .............................. 5 to 10 mts.
– Drop the liquor.
– Cold wash.

Second Step of normal / garment wash:

– Add water @ L : R = 1: 6 ......420..Liter.

– Washing machine running.
– Add softener @ 0.6 gm / liter.
– Add Acetic Acid @ 0.5 gm / liter.
– Time................................... 5 to 10 mts.
– Drop the liquor.
– Unload the Garments on trolley.

Q 09) What is the function of Hydro Extractor machine?

Ans.
After unloading garments from the washing machine then they are sent to Hydro
Extractor machine to remove excess water from the washed garments. Time required
about 2 - 4 minutes.

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Q 10) What is the purpose of silicon wash.
Ans.
Silicon wash is required for the following reasons:-

1. It gives durable softness, elastic handle.

2. It helps to anti-pilling affects, dimensional stability, and tear resistance.
3. It helps to fabrics to be cut and sewn more easily allows and improving wears
and easy care properties.

Q 11) Write different between normal wash and silicon wash.

Ans.

Normal Wash Silicon Wash

Low cost ($ 0.70 – 1.00) / Doz. High cost ($ 1.25 - 1.50) / Doz.
Chemical owing detergent, softner & Chemical owing De-sizing agent,
Acetic Acid. Detergent, Acetic Acid, Cationic Softner
& Silicon.
Temperature sometime cold & sometime Temperature 40—50°c.
40°c .
Time 5 to 10 mts. Time 15—20 mts.
Normal hand feel. Good and soft hand feel.
Appearance not changes. Appearance some change.

Q 12) Describe the De-sizing process of silicon wash.

Ans.
De-sizing process of silicon wash:

– Lot weight (Approx 125 pes) ............ 60 kg.

– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 .......480.Liter.
– Temperature.......................... 40--50°c.
– Machine Running.
– Add De-sizing agent @ 0.6 gm / liter.
– Add Detergent @ 0.5 gm / liter.
– Time ................................10-- 20 mts.
– Drop the liquor.
– Rinse one time 3 minutes.

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Q 13) Describe the Softening process of silicon wash.
Ans.
Softening process of silicon wash:

– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 6 .......360.Liter.

– Temperature.......................... 40°c
– Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm / liter.
– Cationic Softner @ 1 gm / liter.
– Silicon (ME) @ 0.5 gm / liter.
– Time................................ 15 to 20 mts.
– Drain the bath.
– Then unload the garments on trolley.

Q 14) Write the chemicals name which is used for pigment / caustic wash process.
Ans.
Chemicals name which is used in pigment wash:

1. Caustic soda (NAOH).

2. Soda Ash (Na2Co3).
3. Detergent.
4. Acetic Acid.
5. Softner.
6. For more slippery hand feel use silicone.

Chemicals name which is used in Caustic wash:

1. Caustic soda (NAOH).

2. Detergent.
3. Acetic Acid.
4. Softner.
5. If more soft use silicon.

Q 15) Write the chemicals name which is used for Enzyme wash.
Ans.
Chemicals name which is used in Enzyme wash:

1. De-sizing Agent.
2. Detergent.
3. Acetic Acid.
4. Anti Back Staining.
5. Enzyme (Neutral Enzyme & Acid Enzyme).
6. Silicone Softener.&7)Cationic /Nonionic softner.

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Q 16) Write the De-Sizing / first step of caustic wash.
Ans.
De-Sizing / first step of caustic wash:

– Lot size : - ...................... 60 kg .

– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 .....480.Liter.
– Temperature........... 50°c to 60°c.
– Machine Running. .
– Add Caustic soda (NAOH) @ 1.60 gm / liter.
– Add Detergent.............. @ 0.8 gm / liter.
– Time (Depend upon the shade) ....... 20 to 60 mts.
– Drop the liquor.
– Wash cold water for 3 mts.

Q 17) What is the standard r.p.m of washing machine?

Ans.
The standard r.p.m of washing machine is 28 – 35 r.p.m .

Q 18) Write the chemicals name which is used for softness of garments?
Ans.
The name of the chemicals which is used for softness of garments is Acetic Acid &
Softner.

Q 19) Write the chemicals name which is used for good quality hand feel?
Ans.
The name of the chemicals which is used for good quality hand feel is Acetic Acid,
Softner & Silicon.

Q 20) What chemical use is for protect staining / bleeding on garments?

Ans.
Anti-stain is used for protect staining / bleeding on garments during washing.

Q 21) What process is doing for remove starch / sizing materials from the
garments?
Ans.
De-sizing process is doing for remove starch / sizing materials from the garments.

Q 22) Why Acetic Acid is used in Enzyme bath?

Ans.
Acetic Acid is used in Enzyme bath for maintaining standard pH..

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Q 23) Write different between Steam Dryer & Gas Dryer.
Ans.

Steam Dryer Gas Dryer

Low production. High production.
Dry slowly. Dry firstly.
Apply all types of fabric. Don’t apply on white/light color fabric.
Less shrinkage. More shrinkage.
It has no burning risk. It has burning risk.

Q 24) Describe the De-sizing process of Long Pant.

Ans.
De-sizing process of Long Pant:

– Lot weight (80 pes) ............ 60 kg denim long pant.

– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 9 .......540.Liter.
– Machine Running.
– Temperature.......................... 60°c.
– Add De-sizing agent @ 0.6 gm / liter.
– Add Antistain @ 0.8 gm / liter.
– Time ................................10- 15 mts.
– Drop the liquor.
– Wash 1 time by cold water.

Q 25) Describe the Enzyme bath process of Denim Long Pant by Acid Enzyme.
Ans.
The Enzyme bath process of Denim Long Pant by Acid Enzyme:

– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 .......480.Liter.

– Temperature .............................. 45°c.
– Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm / liter. for pH 5.
– Add Anti Back staining @ 0.6 gm / liter.
– Add Acid Enzyme @ 2.00 gm / liter.
– Time..(Depend upon the shade)……..30- 60 mts.
– Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing).
– Drain the bath.
– Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes

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Q 26) Describe the Enzyme bath process of Denim Long by Natural Enzyme.
Ans.
The Enzyme bath process of Denim Long by Natural Enzyme:

– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 ........480.Liter.

– Temperature................................ 45°c.
– Add Acetic Acid @ 0.3 gm / liter. For pH 6.50.
– Add Anti Back staining @ 0.6 gm / liter.
– Add Neutral Enzyme @ 2.00 gm / liter.
– Time..(Depend upon the shade)….40- 80 mts.
– Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing).
– Drain the bath.
– Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes

Q 27) How can do the killing of Enzyme in Enzyme bath?

Ans.
To kill Enzyme in Enzyme bath by rise up temperature from 45°c to 90°c and run
machine for one minute, then Enzyme will be killing.

Q 28) why chlorine bleach is use in Denim wet processing?

Ans.
The chlorine bleach is use in Denim wet processing for Different Shade. e.g.
medium & light shade.

Q 29) What chemicals is use for neutralization of Chlorine Bleach?

Ans.
Sodium Hyposulfite/Hydrogen Peroxide are use for neutralization of chlorine
bleach from the Garments.

Q 30) Write the main 5 function of Enzyme Wash.

Ans.
Enzyme wash is required for the following reasons:

– To remove the size/starch materials from the garments.

– For soft feeling to wear the garment.
– To increase the color fastness & rubbing fastness.
– Especially develop the "Bio-Polishing" affect of cotton/denim.
– Enzyme improves the anti-pilling properties.

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Q 31) What is the action of Enzyme on Garment?
Ans.
The action of enzyme during enzyme wash, it hydrolysis the cellulose, at first it
attacks the having projecting fiber and hydrolyzed them. Then it attacks the yarn
portion inside fabric and partly hydrolyzed the yarn portion and faded affect is
produced.

Q 32) What is the standard time for Bleaching in Bleaching bath of Denim
Garments?
Ans.
The standard time for Bleaching in Bleaching bath of Denim Garments is 12 to 15
minute.

Q 33) What types of Enzyme used in Bangladesh?

Ans.
Mainly two types of enzyme used in Bangladesh. One is Acid Enzyme (liquid) and
another is Neutral Enzyme (Powder).

Q 34) Write different between Acid Enzyme & Neutral Enzyme.

Ans.

Acid Enzyme Neutral Enzyme

Enzyme is liquid form
pH range is 4.5 to 5.5
Temperature - 40°c - 55°c.
Time required 25 to 50 mts.
Enzyme affects come within short time.
Enzyme is powder form
pH range is 6 to 7.
Temperature - 40°c - 60°c.
Time required 40 to 70 mts.
Enzyme affects come slowly.

Q 35) How can control the pH value in Garments?

Ans.
We can control the pH value in Garments by using Acetic Acid if alkaline medium
and if Acid medium then we can rewash by water then pH obtain in standard.

Q 36) what types of Enzyme suitable for Dark shade Enzyme wash of Denim
Long Pant & why?
Ans.
Neutral Enzyme is for Dark shade Enzyme wash of Denim Long Pant because its
effect come slowly & less staining.

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Q 37) What types of Enzyme suitable for medium / light shade Enzyme wash of
Denim Long Pant & why?
Ans.
Acid Enzyme is suitable for medium / light shade Enzyme wash of Denim Long
Pant because its effect come fast.

Q 38) Write De-sizing process of twill long pant for Enzyme wash.
Ans.
De-sizing process of twill long pant for Enzyme wash

– Lot weight (Approx 125 pes) ............ 60 kg.

– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 10 ........Liter.
– Temperature.......................... 50-60°c.
– Machine Running.
– Add De-sizing agent @ 0.6 gm / liter.
– Add Detergent @ 0.5 gm / liter.
– Time ........................................10- 20 mts.
– Drop the liquor.
– Rinse one time 3 minutes

Q 39) Write Enzyme bath process of twill long pant for Enzyme Wash.
Ans.
Enzyme bath process of twill long pant for Enzyme wash

– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 Liter ........Liter.

– Temperature.......................... 45°c.
– Add Acetic Acid @ 0.5 gm / liter.
– Add Acid Enzyme @ 1.2 gm / liter.
– Add Antistain @ 0.50 gm / liter.
– Time (Depend upon the standard).... 30 to 60 mts.
– Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute.
– Drain the bath.
– Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes

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Q 40) Write main process of Stone Enzyme Wash for Denim Long Pant.
Ans.
The main process of stone Enzyme washes for Denim Long Pant:

– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 ........480Liter.

– Add pumic stone @ ½ vol of garments.
– Add Enzyme @ 1.50 gm / liter.
– Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm / liter for pH5.
– Add Anti-stain @ 0.8 gm / liter.
– Temperature............................. 40°c to 50°c.
– Time (Depend upon the shade) .......... 60 to 70 mts.
– Then temperature raise to 90°c for 1 minute.
– Drop the liquor.
– Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes.
– Then pumic stone out from washing machine

Q 41) What is the perfect temperature for Acid Enzyme & Neutral Enzyme.
Ans.

- The perfect temperature for Acid Enzyme is 40°c to 55°c.

- The perfect temperature for Neutral Enzyme is 40°c to 60°c.

Q 42) write different types of Washing Faults.

Ans.
Different types of washing faults:

1. Color shade variation.

2. Crease Marks.
3. After wash hole.
4. Very Dark & very light.
5. Bleach Spot.
6. Bottom hem & course edge destroy.
7. Running shading.
8. Over Blasting / low Blasting.
9. Over grinding / low grinding.
10.Bad smell due to poor neutralization.
11.Poor hand feel.
12.To high hairiness.
13.Poor brightness.
14.High or low affect / abrasion on garments.
15.Spot on garments.
16.Out of range / level of pH value of garments.

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Q 43) write the function of Anti-Stain, Detergent, Potassium Permanganate (P.P),
Micro Emulsion Silicon, Hydrogen Peroxide, Optical Brightness and De-Sizing
Agent.
Ans.
Anti-Stain:
Antistain is used to prevent the staining on weft yarn of the denim (white yarn),
white pockets of garment, levels, contacted fabrics of garment and increased the
brightness of fabrics, It is also acts as anticreasing agent.

Detergent :
Chemical character is fatty alcohol polyglycol ether in an aqueous, glycolic
solution. Detergent is widely applicable in the continuous and discontinuous
pretreatment of all types of fiber and their blends. To remove impurities, mineral oil
contamination and sizes from the garments. Scouring of goods for dyeing and printing
fully white and colored articles.

Potassium Permanganate (P.P):

Potassium permanganate is used in Acid wash with Punic stone for colour out from
the garments. It is used also spray chamber by nozzle for colour out (whitish affect)
from the garments. Micro Emulsion Silicon: Amino Silicon is a textile finishing agent
consisting mainly of an amino modified silicon. When applied on fabrics, it gives
durable softness, lubricity, elastic handle, antipilling, dimensional stability, tear
resistance and fabric to be cut and sewn more easily allows and improving wear and
easy care properties.

Hydrogen Peroxide:
Hydrogen peroxide create the prime role in bleach wash technique. In alkaline
medium, hydrogen peroxide breaks up and give some perhydroxhyl ion, which
discolor the coloring materials and as a result fading affect is developed. Hydrogen
peroxide is used in scouring, bleaching bath for white/ready for dyeing of gray fabric
garments. It is used also neutralized the garment from alkaline condition.

Optical Brightness :
Two types of optical brightener are used in the washing plant – a) Red brightener.
b) Blue brightener. Mainly optical brightener is used for improve the brightness of
garments. De-Sizing Agent: De-Sizing agent is used to remove mainly starches, cmc,
waxes, fats pectin’s, minerals & unfixed indigo dye from denim, twills, poplin &
canvas fabrics etc.

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Q 44) Describe only Bleaching Process of Bleach wash of Denim Long Pant.
Ans.
Bleaching-

– Lot weight (80 pes) ............ 60 kg denim long pant.

– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 7….420 liter
– Temperature............................. 60°c.
– Add chlorine bleach @ 10 gm / liter.
– Add soda ash @ 2 gm / liter.
– Time (Depend upon the shade) ........ 12 to 15 mts.
– Drop the liquor.
– Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes.

Q 45) Introduction of Pumic Stone.

Ans.
The pumic stone are the perforated stones, produced from volcanic explosion.

– At first these stones are soft but becomes cold, it becomes the stones with rough
surface,
– Pumic stones float on water.
– Pumic stones come from Indonesia and Turkey.
– Indonesia stone color is slightly brown and Turkey stone is white color.
– Pumic stones are available in 3 size i.e. small 2-3 cm, medium 3-5 cm and large
size 5-7 cm.
– Two to Three times can be used are pumic stone.
– Every bag contain 22 kg to 25 kg and price 400/= to 425/=/ bag.

Q 46) Write the App. Enzyme & Silicon wash charge for Twill Men’s & Boy’s
Trouser separately.
Ans.
Enzyme Wash charge for Twill:
- Men’s item - us$ 2.25 - $ 2.75 / DOZ.
- Boy's item - us$ 1.80 - $ 2.25 / DOZ.

Silicon Wash charge for Twill:

- Men’s item - us$ 1.50 - $ 2.00 / DOZ.
- Boy's item - us$ 1.25 - $ 1.75 / DOZ.

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Q 47) Why we run the dryer with garment after dry 10 to 15 mts. In cold
position?
Ans.
We run the dryer with garment after dry 10 to 15 mts. in cold position for soft
hand felling.

Q 48) Which dryer is suitable to dry white readymade garments and why?
Ans.
Steam Dryer is suitable to dry white readymade garments because it’s not turn to
yellow or radish tone and remain brightness.

Q 49) Describe the risk / problem of gas dryer.

Ans.
Risk / Problem of Gas Dryer:

– Possible of burn.
– More shrinkage.
– May be Color change.
– Yellow or Radish effect on white and light color garment.

Q 50) Describe the fault / problem of garments if Excess Load in the washing
machine.
Ans.
The fault / problem of garments if Excess Load in the washing machine:

1. Uneven wash.
2. Crease mark.
3. Poor hand feel.
4. Poor wash effect.

Q 51) what are the reason of after wash hole?

Ans.
The reason of after wash hole:

1. Weaving fault.
2. Trimming problem.
3. Old / Damage machine.
4. Miss handling.
5. Broken needle.

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Q 52) What is the standard r.p.m (Inner drum) of industrial dryer?
Ans.
The standard r.p.m (Inner drum) of industrial dryer is 28 to 35 r.p.m.

Q 53) If inner drum r.p.m of washing m/c and dryer m/c is too high. What types of
effect on garment?
Ans.
The types of effect on garment:

1. Uneven wash.
2. Crease mark.
3. Poor hand feel.
4. Poor wash effect.

Q 54) What are standard L:R De-sizing, Enzyme bath and Softener bath ?
Ans.
- The Standard L : R for De-sizing is 1 : 8 to 1:9.
- The Standard L : R for Enzyme bath is 1 : 8.
- The Standard L : R for Softener bath is 1 : 6 to 1:7.

Q 55) Write the name of steps of stone Enzyme wash process of denim Long Pant.
Ans.
The steps of stone Enzyme wash process of denim Long Pant:

De-sizing
↓
Stone Enzyme
↓
Bleaching
↓
Natural
↓
Softner & pH Control
↓
Hydro extractor
↓
Dryer
↓
Quality Control
↓
Delivery to Finishing

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Q 56) Write the name of steps of Enzyme wash process of Denim Dark Enzyme
wash process.
Ans.
The steps of Enzyme wash process of Denim Dark Enzyme wash process:

De-sizing
↓
Enzyme
↓
Softner & pH Control
↓
Hydro extractor
↓
Dryer
↓
Quality Control
↓
Delivery to Finishing

Q 57) Write the flow chart of Medium Enzyme wash of Denim Readymade
Garments.
Ans.
The flow chart of Medium Enzyme washes of Denim Readymade Garments:

De-sizing
↓
Enzyme
↓
Bleaching
↓
Natural
↓
Softner & pH Control
↓
Hydro extractor
↓
Dryer
↓
Quality Control
↓
Delivery to Finishing

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Q 58) Write the chemical name of Acid wash process.
Ans.
The chemical name of Acid washes process:

1. De-Sizing Agent.
2. Detergent.
3. Potassium Per Manganate.
4. Phosphoric Acid.
5. Sodium Metabisulphite.
6. Acetic Acid.
7. Softner.

Q 59) What is the standard stock solution of P.P Solution?

Ans.
The standard stock solution of P.P. Solution:

– Potassium per Manganate @ 0.5%.

– Phosphoric Acid @ 0.125%.

OR

Potassium per Manganite- 0.50% and P P Booster- 0.50%.

Q 60) How do you neutralization of P.P. treatment garment?

Ans.
The neutralization of P.P. treatment garment:

– Lot weight ............ 60Kgs.

– Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8.
– Machine running.
– Add Sodium Metabisulphite @ 5 gm/liter. Or Denimcol PEX-0.30 gm/lt.
– Cold temperature.
– Time 5 mts.
– Drop the liquor.

Q 61) Write the precaution of Acid wash.

Ans.
The precaution of Acid washes:

– Maintain the stock solution properly constant when comes socking the stone.
– No water lickage in to the machine when treated pumic stone & garments in to
the machine.

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 – Not excess load the garments in the Acid wash processing.
– Add some new stone after finishing on batch to maintain the volume for 2nd
batch. It is a mater of experience.

Q 62) what type of dyes is used for Tinting of readymade garments?

Ans.
Direct and Reactive dyes are used for Tinting of readymade garments.

Q 63) Generally which color is used for Tinting?

Ans.
Generally Yellow, Brown and Orange color are used for Tinting.

Q 64) Write the main Tinting process (Dyeing) by Direct Dyes.

Ans.
The main Tinting process (Dyeing) by Direct Dyes:

After different wet processing i.e. Acid wash, Stone wash, Enzyme wash, Stone
enzyme wash, Bleach wash take 60 kg garment for Tinting & over dyeing.

– water @ L : R = 1 : 7…420 liter.

– Run the Machine.
– Temperature................. 50° - 80°c.
– Dir. Brown GTL - @ 0.04%.
– Dir. Orange ZTL - @ 0.01%
– Add Salt @ 20 gm / liter.
– Add Leveling agent @ 0.5%.
– Time................................ 10 to 30 mts.
– Rinse by cold water 3 minutes.

Q 65) Write the main Tinting process (Dyeing) by Reactive Dyes.

Ans.
The main Tinting process (Dyeing) by Reactive Dyes:

After different wet processing i.e. Acid wash, Stone wash, Enzyme wash, Stone
enzyme wash, Bleach wash take 60 kg garment for Tinting & over dyeing.

– Water @ L : R = 1 : 7…..420liter.
– Run the Machine.
– Temperature................. 60°c
– Reactive Red -
– Reactive Yellow - Brown
– Reactive Black -

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 – Leveling agent - @ 0.5 gm / liter.
– Salt - @ 20 gm / liter.
– Soda ash @ 10 gm / liter.
– Time ...................... 20 to 30 mts.

Q 66) What is standard blowing angel for send blasting process?

Ans.
10° to 20° is standard blowing angel for send blasting process.

Q 67) What are the main ingredients for sand blasting?

Ans.
Aluminum Oxide and Dry Air are the main ingredients for sand blasting.

Q 68) Write the approx. production / hr sand blasting gun.

Ans.
The approx. production / hr sand blasting gun is 25 to 50 pcs. but it depends on
size of the garment and extent of fading.

Q 69) Write the name of protective item for health in the send blasting process.
Ans.
The operators should have protective standard musk (n95), helmet, gloves, ear
plug and uniform.

Q 70) What do you mean by P.P. spray?

Ans.
The mean of P.P. spray is to get more whitish effect on particular area of garment
by using P.P. Stock Solution, Dry Air and P.P. Spray Gun.

Q 71) What do you mean by P.P. sponging?

Ans.
The mean of P.P. sponging is to get more whitish effect on particular area of
garment by using P.P. Stock Solution, Sponge and Manual Process.

Q 72) What is the purpose of P.P. spray?

Ans.
The purpose of P.P. spray is to gate more whitish effect on fabric, if we want to
more white effect by Sand Blasting / Hands Scraping then the fabric strength will be
lose.

2
Q 73) What is the purpose of P.P. Sponging.
Ans.
The purpose of P.P. Sponging is to gate more whitish effect on fabric, if we want to
more white effect by Sand Blasting / Hands Scraping then the fabric strength will be
lose.

Q 74) What do you mean by Whickering?

Ans.
A process of whickering denim/Canvas/Twill/Corduroy garment is deserved
below:-

– By rubber pattern & sand blasting gun. i.e. rubber pattern set on garment,
rubbing by sand paper and sand through over the pattern by nozzle.
– By manually created whisker by sand paper on garment.
– Make a pattern just like pacific whisker and put it inside the garment, then
rubbing by fine series paper front side of garment over pattern.
– By P.P. Spray and P.P. Sponging on garments.
– Mentioned all process is done on garments fadding effect occurs in garments.

Q 75) What do you mean by Tagging?

Ans.
Tagging is doing on garment for fashion and value added fashion wear.

– Tagging is doing by Tagging machine & Tag Gun .

– Tagging is doing also by niddle & thread & manually.
– After wash upper portion of garment occurs crease marks and inside of tagging
occurs Dark shade.

Q 76) What do you mean by Grinding?

Ans.
Grinding is doing on garment for mainly old/used look appearance & fashion.

– Grinding is doing on hem, pocket edge, west belt, pocket opening, and pocket
Fluff of garments.
– Grinding is done generally by grinding machine, sand paper by manually.

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Q 77) What do you mean by Destroy?
Ans.
Destroy is newly fashion on garments.

– Destroy is doing by manually and some time different types of machine also.
– Different types of machine used for destroy the garments – Grinding machine,
Emery cloth, Hacksaw blade, Knife, Cutter etc.
– When destroy is done one garment, it seems to be long time used effect.

Q 78) What type of fabric is suitable for Permanent Crinkle?

Ans.
Permanent wrinkle is done on the garments made from all types of fabrics like,
Denim, Twill, Canvas, Poplin, Corduroy, Knit & Polyester etc.

Q 79) Write the chemical name for Permanent Crinkle on the Garment?
Ans.
Resin is use for Permanent Crinkle on the Garment and some times add catalyst,
silicone, hardener etc.

Q 80) What is the standard temperature for Permanent Crinkle on the oven?
Ans.
The standard temperature for Permanent Crinkle on the oven is 140°c to 160°c.

Q 81) What is the standard time is required for Permanent Crinkle on the oven?
Ans.
20-40 minutes time is required for Permanent Crinkle on the oven if folding layer
is less then less time required, if folding layer is more then more time is required.

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Q 82) What do you mean by overall Crinkle?
Ans.
Generally overall wrinkle is doing on garments after all types of wet process & dry
process.

– Overall wrinkle is done on the garment made from all types of fabrics like,
Denim, Twill, Canvas, Poplin, Corduroy, Knit, Polyester, Viscose & Nylon etc.
– Now tie the whole garment in tight position by thread.
– For overall wrinkle, we are used resin in washing machine with water and run
tied garments for 5 to 10 minutes at 50°c temperature and dry at 100°c then load
on oven at temperature 140°c to 160°c for 40-60 minutes

Q 83) What types of Dyes are used for 100% cotton Readymade Garment?
Ans.
Dyes are used for 100% cotton Readymade Garment:

1. Direct Dyes.
2. Reactive Dyes.
3. Pigment Dyes.
4. Sulpher Dyes.
5. VAT Dyes.

Q 84) What do you mean by Ready for Dying Garment?

Ans.
In gray fabric it have so many impurities like oil, wax, naps, CMC etc, to remove
this impurities we have to need Scouring & Bleaching. After Scouring & Bleaching the
fabric we get is called Ready for Dying Garment.

Q 85) Write the main / first step of ready for Ready for Dying Garment
Ans.
First Step:

– Batch size.................... 60 kg cotton shirt (grey).

– water @ L : R = 1 : 8.
– Running the machine.
– Temperature .................. 90°c.
– Detergent @ 2%.
– Caustic @ 8%.
– Soda Ash @ 5%.
– Hydrogen Peroxide (H2o2) @ 12%.

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 – Stabilizer @ 5%.
– Time ........................ 60 to 80mts.
– Drop the liquor.

Q 86) What do you mean by supper white process?

Ans.
The supper white process is two bath Scouring & Bleaching for optical super
white color which is used directly, it is not use for Dyeing.

Q 87) Write the chemical names which are used for supper white process.
Ans.
The name of chemical for supper white process:

1. Detergent.
2. Caustic Soda.
3. Soda Ash.
4. Hydrogen Peroxide (H2o2).
5. Stabilizer.
6. Caustic.
7. Acetic Acid.
8. Optical Brightener.
9. Non-ionic Softner.
10.Micro Emulsion silicone.

Q 88) Write the dying bath process of pigment dyes for cotton Readymade
Garment.
Ans.
The dying bath process of pigment dyes foe cotton Readymade Garment

– Batch size.................... 60 kg.

– Water @ L : R = 1 : 7. …420 lt.
– Add..... Pigment Red @ 3%.
Pigment Black @ 0.1%.
– Add Acetic Acid @ 1cc/liter.
– Temperature.............. 80°c-85°c.
– Time ........................... 30 -40 mts.
– Drop the liquor.

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Q 89) Write the dying bath process of Sulpher dyes for cotton Readymade
Garment.Ans.
The dying bath process of Sulpher dyes for cotton Readymade Garment

– Batch size................................ 60 kg.

– water @ L : R = 1 : 7. ….420 lt.
– Optical Yellow - 2.50%.
– Optical Orange - 0.4%.
– Add Salt @ 20 gm/liter.
– Temperature ............. 90°c.
– Time.......................... 60 to 70 mts.
– Drop the liquor.
– Rinse overflow until clear water.

Q 90) write the different between Sand Blasting and Hands Scraping
Ans.

Sand Blasting Hands Scraping

By machine. By manual process.
Smooth surfs. Rough surfs.
Use Aluminum Oxide. Use Series Paper.
High cost. Low cost.
High production. Low production.
Hazardable process. Normal process.

“Engr. F. M. Shamim Bhuiyan”

B.sc Textile Engineer
Executive Director
Al Muslim Washing Ltd.

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“Engr. F. M. Shamim Bhuiyan”
B.sc Textile Engineer
Executive Director
Al Muslim Washing Ltd.