ABSTRACT

There is a widespread belief bordering on certainly that the prime numbers are arranged on the axis
of numerical chaotic, does not given them apparently no law that would allow us to clearly describe
them all. I will try to show in this article "Primes in apple pie order", what laws rule and what order
prevails among primes, which allows all of them to be clearly described. Whoever reads it to the end
will find out what extraordinary order and harmony prevails in the world of prime numbers instead
of chaos.

„There are some mysteries that the human mind will never penetrate. To convince ourselves we
have only to cast a glance at tables of primes and we should perceive that there reigns neither order
 2

nor rule.” "Mathematicians have in vain tried to find some order in the sequence of primes, and we
have reason to suppose that this is a mystery that the human mind will never explore."

Leonard Euler – 1751

Since the dawn of time, man has been ordering space and time with numbers, but as the numbers
themselves are ordered, I will try to show in this article "Primes in apple pie order". Let's look briefly
at the table below of prime numbers and their products up to 1000. At first glance we see a
repeating distinct diagonal pattern with 10 numbers of the same rectangles /47-67-89-107-127-145-
125-103-85-65-/. How it affects the distribution of prime numbers and their products, we'll find out
in a moment.
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BASIC ORDER

How they all have each other's numbers results from how they happen one by one. Adding one to
the other, we get increasingly larger triangular numbers 1 = (1 * 1), 1 + 2 = 3 = (2 * 1.5), 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 =
(3 * 2), 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 = (4 * 2.5), which can be represented as a product of consecutive numbers
and the factor constantly by 0.5 larger / 2 * 1.5 = 3, 3 * 2 = 6 /.

As you know, each natural number can be written as the sum of a certain number of ones, but also as
the sum of two components. If the even numbers are simply doubling subsequent natural numbers 2
(1, 2,3,4,5,) = 2k, then the odd numbers that are half of the natural numbers are the sum of the
extreme pairs of preceding numbers, as components that have the numbers ability to form identical
indirect sums. [1 + (2 + 3) + 4] = 5 = (1 + 4) = (2 + 3)

According to the additive theory of numbers, any odd number may be represented as the sum of two
different components which preceded it, numbers, so such distribution creating identical indirect
 4

sum of intermediates in this case is three (n - 1) / 2 (7 - 1) / 2 = 3, 7 = {6 + [5 + (4 + 3) + 2] + 1} = (6 + 1)

+ (5 + 2) + (4 + 3) = 21/3 = 7

Such decreasing and growing sequences of natural numbers /9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9 = 89/

form 17 pairs of extreme elements/1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 = 81/, which used as factors (9
*1) = 9, (8*2) = 16, (7*3) = 21, (6*4) = 24, (5*5) = 25 give products growing by decreasing odd
numbers /9 + 7 = 16 + 5 = 21 + 3 = 24 + 1 = 25/, which proves that these factors, i.e. all natural
numbers, form identical indirect sums /9 + 1 = 8 + 2 = 7 + 3 = 6 + 4 = 5 + 5 = 4 + 6 = 3 + 7 = 2 + 8 = 1 +
9 = 2 + 8 = 3 + 7 = 4 + 6 = 5 + 5 = 6 + 4 = 7 + 3 = 8 + 2 = 9 + 1 = 17(10) = 170 /.

This parabola of numbers clearly shows the mutual dependence between five numbers / 1 3 5 7 9 /
and the numbers on its arc / 9 + 7 = 16 + 5 = 21 + 3 = 24 + 1 = 25 /, and the Pythagorean equation 3² +
4² = 5², as well as the numbers of equations 25 + 9 = 34 and 25 - 9 = 16 saying that the sum and
 5

difference of numbers with the same parity is an even number. These laws operate in the whole set
of natural numbers. This testifies to the perfect order prevailing in the whole sequence of natural
numbers, consisting of 50% of even and odd numbers, that is, prime numbers and their products.

Such basic numbers are not determined by nature by accidental coin throwing, or the cube "God
does not play with the world in a bone", but based on the ability to create identical indirect sums
from the extreme pairs of numbers preceding a given magnitude. The case and chaos are simply
unacceptable for mathematics.

COLLECTION OF NATURAL NUMBERS

Natural numbers written successively from 1 to 102 in six columns and seventeen lines divide this
number system exactly into 51 even numbers, i.e. 2 (17) = 34 numbers divisible by 2 and 17 numbers
divisible by 2 and 3, (6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42), and 51 odd numbers, that is, 2(17) = 34 numbers
divisible only by 1 and themselves, and 5 and 7, as well as 17 numbers divisible by 3 (3, 9, 15, 21, 27,
33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 75, 81, 87, 93, 99,). Interestingly, multiples of 17 (34, 51, 68, 85) form the
main diagonal of this rectangular set of 102 = 17(6) numbers. Numbers 6 and 17 are very important
for this set. They break this set into 2 groups of numbers arranged in 3 columns of 17 lines 3 (17) =
51, constantly six times larger. This means that in 100 numbers we have (99 - 3)/6 = 16 products of
number 3, six (25 + 95)/20 = 6 products of number 5, and three products of number 7 (49, 77, 91).
Adding 16 + 6 + 3 = 25 we get that the number of products of prime numbers (3, 5, 7) is equal to 25
prime numbers to 100.

In the table composed of numbers in the natural order (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11, ...) we see that the
prime numbers and their products are subject to strict rules here: Sum and difference two numbers
with the same parity, is an even number (9 + 25 = 34, 25 - 9 = 16), and a different parity, is an odd
number (4 + 1 = 5, 4 - 1 = 3), and that from number 59, which is 17 with the prime number, they will
constantly arrive by 17 (34,51,68,85,102,119,136, ..) in the appropriate proportion to the number of
their products, which if the same parity as the number of primes, completes the prime numbers in an
even range up to half of the given magnitude (34 + 38 = 72), when different parity as the number of
primes, than in an odd range up to half of the given magnitude (51 + 66 = 117) according to the
equation π(x) + Σp(p') = ½N - half of the given magnitude is the sum of the number of primes and
their products that occur to a given magnitude. And just as the hypotenuse in a triangle is dependent
on the parabolas, half of a given magnitude depends on an even or odd multiple of 17 /34, 51, 68, 85,
 6

102/ completed by an even or odd number of products of prime numbers /38, 66, 103, 136,177/ for
even or odd half of the given size /72, 117, 171, 221, 279 /.

From then on, the prime numbers will always come by the next multiple of 17 (17-17-34-17-51-17-
68-17-85-17-102), when at 85 = 5(17) the number of products of prime numbers reaches 136 = 8
(17), which in total gives 221 = 13(17) prime numbers and their products in 442 numbers. So 85
 7

prime numbers + 136 their products = 221, constitute half of the sequence of 442 numbers among
which they occur in a strictly defined ratio 5 + 8 = 13, 5: 8: 13.

If the sequence of prime numbers adheres to such strict rules as the exact ratio of prime numbers to
their products, which in the decimal system assumes strictly defined values according to the
principles of 17, 34, 51, 68 prime numbers are complemented by their products to the full ten eg: 17
+ (23, 33, 43, 63, 73, 83, 93), 34 + (86, 96, 106, 116, 126, 136, 146, 156, 166, 176), 51 + (119, 139,
169, 179 , 199, 209, 229), 68 + (202, 222, 232, 272, 312), depending on the space of the sizes.
However, the rule that the sum of prime numbers and their products is equal to half the given
magnitude to which they exist is always preserved. π(x) + Σ[p(p ')] = ½N, 68 + 102 = 170, (2: 3: 5). And
this is proof that the prime numbers are not arranged chaotically, but according to strict rules.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE FIRST NUMBERS TO THEIR PRODUCTS

In fact, the distribution of prime numbers depends on the exact relation to their products, and this is
due to the ability to create identical indirect sums to a given magnitude. We have 4 prime numbers
up to 10 (2 + 3 + 5 + 7) = 17, they form 4 identical indirect sums up to 10 [2 + 8 = 10, 3 + 7 = 10, 5 + 5
= 10, 7 + 3 = 10, (8 + 7 + 5 + 3) = 23, 17 + 23 = 40/4 = 10]. According to this scheme, the ratio of prime
numbers to their products will be shaped, i.e. for 40 odd numbers in a given range; there may be 17
prime numbers and 23 their products.

And this is how it looks in the line chart. Here the sum of 4 prime numbers (2 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 17),
complemented by the sum of the differences up to 10 (8 + 7 + 5 + 3 = 23), shows what is the ratio of
17 primes/ from 20 - 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97 to 100 / to 23
their products /21, 25, 27, 33, 35, 39, 45 , 49, 51, 55, 57, 63, 65, 69, 75, 77, 81, 85, 87, 91, 93, 95, 99/
in 17 + 23 = 40 numbers, as half of a given magnitude.

π(x) + Σ[p(p’)] = ½N.

 8

As can be seen in the following 10 column table, in the first row there are 4 pairs, i.e. 8 prime
numbers (2, 3) (5, 7) (11, 13) (17, 19), and only 2 products of the number 3 (9 and 15 ), (8 + 2 = 10). In
further rows this ratio is shaped as follows (4 + 6)= (5 + 5)= (5 + 5)= (3 + 7) = (4 + 5 + 5 + 3) = 17 + 8 =
25, prime numbers up to (6 + 5 + 5 + 7) = 23 + 2 = 25 of their products, so in the fifth row the ratio is
equal, and in the sixth row there are evenly 5 first numbers and their products equalizing to 30, that
is, the prime numbers to their products are in a 1:1 ratio.

To N 20 we have 8 prime numbers /π (20) = 8/ and only 2 products of the number 3 /9, 15/, and in
the next N 80 there will be exactly 17 prime numbers, so that at N 100 - π (100) it equals 8 + 17 = 25,
supplemented to the full ten by 23 products of numbers 3, 5, 7 (21, 25, 27, 33, 35, 39, 45, 49, 51, 55,
57, 63, 65, 69, 75, 77, 81, 85, 87, 91, 93, 95, 99) / 17 + 23 = 40 /, which is half of the 80 numbers
among which they are and equalize the number of products with the number of prime numbers 2 +
23 = 25, 25 + 25 = 50 to half of a given magnitude.
 9

In further rows 6 to 11 this ratio is 17/33, that is, in the range of 50 numbers (50 = 17 + 33), there are
17 prime numbers and 33 their products, i.e. prime numbers are distributed among their products in
a precisely defined ratio. However, the rule that the sum of primes and their products is half of a
given magnitude is always preserved (π(x) + Σ[p(p')] = ½N, 68 + 102 = 170, 2: 3: 5 /.

In the next rows / 34 - 46 / the ratio of prime numbers to their products doubles from 17/43 to 34/86
because it covers the range 34 + 86 = 120 numbers. We still have a range of 17 + 43 = 60 numbers, 17
+ 53 = 70 numbers, 34 + 66 = 100 numbers, 34 + 96 = 130 numbers and 34 + 106 = 140 numbers.

We cannot say that prime numbers always occur every 20 numbers, but it is certain that they come
in close relation to their products in groups of, 17 + (23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93) numbers after 34 +
(66, 86, 96, 106, 116, 126, 136, 146, 156, 166, 176) of the numbers, the 51 + (119, 139, 169, 179, 199,
229) of the numbers, and the 68 + 202 = 270 numbers, the 68 + 222 = 290 numbers, the 68 + 232 =
300 numbers, the 68 + 272 = 340 numbers, as seen in the following table to 10960 numbers.
 10

Σ[p(p')] π(x) ½N
2 8 10
23 17 40
25 25 50
30 30 60
33 17 50
63 47 110
66 34 100
129 81 210
135 85 220
43 17 60
178 102 280
184 106 290
33 17 50
217 123 340
86 34 120
303 157 460
86 34 120
389 191 580
139 51 190
528 242 770
33 17 50
561 259 820
106 34 140
667 293 960
53 17 70
720 310 1030
43 17 60
763 327 1090
53 17 70
816 344 1160
43 17 60
859 361 1220
63 17 80
922 378 1300
86 34 120
1008 412 1420
53 17 70
1061 429 1490
73 17 90
1134 446 1580
 11

53 17 70
1187 463 1650
43 17 60
1230 480 1710
96 34 130
1326 514 1840
106 34 140
1432 548 1980
53 17 70
1485 565 2050
116 34 150
1601 599 2200
106 34 140
1707 633 2340
73 17 90
1780 650 2430
222 68 290
2002 718 2720
2009 721 2730
63 17 80
2072 738 2810
2080 740 2820
43 17 60
2123 757 2880
43 17 60
2166 774 2940
2174 776 2950
73 17 90
2247 793 3040
179 51 230
2426 844 3270
53 17 70
2479 861 3340
2487 863 3350
53 17 70
2540 880 3420
53 17 70
2593 897 3490
63 17 80
2656 914 3570
2664 916 3580
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136 34 170
2800 950 3750
43 17 60
2843 967 3810
2851 969 3820
116 34 150
2967 1003 3970
2975 1005 3980
73 17 90
3048 1022 4070
3057 1023 4080
116 34 150
3173 1057 4230
3181 1059 4240
232 68 300
3413 1127 4540
169 51 220
3582 1178 4760
63 17 80
3645 1195 4840
126 34 160
3771 1229 5000
179 51 230
3950 1280 5230
199 51 250
4149 1331 5480

It is difficult to imagine a more even distribution of prime numbers and their products than those
resulting from this as one after the other at fixed distances, every 20 numbers, / 3 - 23 - 43 - 63 - 83 -
103, 131 - 151 - 171 - 191 - 211 - 231 - 251 - 271 - 291 /, complementing each other in a strictly
defined ratio (17/23, 17/33, 17/43, ..) to half of a given magnitude /½N/. Then they form 16 columns,
which is 4 times 4 for each characteristic number of unity /1 - 3 - 7 - 9/ after 16 and 17 numbers and
2 times two or 4 columns for products of 5 after 16 + 17 = 33(2) = 66. How easily one can count a
total of 13 columns of 17 numbers is their /13(17) = 221/ plus 1 = 222 of 16 numeric columns of
products of the number 5 and 7 columns of 16 numbers /7(16) = 112 + 222 = 334 numbers. In this
there are only prime numbers /7(10) + 6(11) + 2(12) + 8 = 168/, and the product of numbers greater
than 3, is /4(7) + 9(6) + 66 + 9 + 5 + 4 = 166/.
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The same distance /20/ from each other of all numbers arranged zigzag in the following table /9, 29,
49, 69, 89, 109 / makes in the first row on 20 columns there is room for 8 prime numbers and 2
products of the number 3. /8 + 2 = 10/ In the next rows there will be room for 6 prime numbers and
their products greater than 3, and 4 products of the number 3/6 + 4 = 10/, further on 7 prime
numbers and their products greater than 3, and 3 products of the number 3 /7 + 3 = 10 / and once
again on 7 prime numbers and their products greater than 3, and 3 products of the number 3 /7 + 3 =
10/ and further on the 6 prime numbers and their products greater than 3, and 4 products numbers 3
/6 + 4 = 10/. By adding 8 + 6 + 7 + 7 + 6 = 34 we get 34 places that occupy prime numbers and their
products greater than 3, and 2 + 4 + 3 + 3 + 4 = 16, the number of places that occupy the product of
the number 3. 34 + 16 = 50, i.e. to 100, we have 34 prime numbers and their products greater than 3,
and 16 products of number 3.

34/16/50 is the basic ratios of products from number 3 to primes and their products greater than 3,
which will repeat every 50 numbers up to infinity. Here, up to 1000, we see them 10 /16 + 16 + 17 +
17 + 16 + 17 + 17 + 16 + 17 + 17/ = 166 products on the number 3, and 10 /34 + 34 + 33 + 33 + 34 + 33
+ 33 + 34 + 33 + 33/ = 334 prime numbers and their products greater than 3. From this constant ratio
of the products of the number 3 to the remaining numbers, it follows that they have a direct impact
on the number of prime numbers to a given magnitude /34 = 9 + 25 - 9 = 16/. It is the constant
number of products of the number 3 in a given row of 16 = 3 + 3 + 4 + 3 + 3 and 17 = 4 + 3 + 3 + 4 + 3
makes them complemented by a fixed number (34) of prime numbers and their products greater
than 3 in five subsequent rows 34 = 7 + 7 + 6 + 7 + 7.
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This basic ratio of the products of number 3 (16/34) to prime numbers and their products greater
than 3 is reflected in the exact ratio of prime numbers to their products. How there in a row of 6 or 7
 15

prime numbers and their products greater than 3 could not be products of the number 3, more than
4 or 3, /7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 6 = 34, 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 4 = 16/, /5 (10) = 50 = 34 + 16/, as a complement to the
half of a given magnitude (20/2 = 10), the same is true for 8 prime numbers 2 products of the
number 3, /9, 15/, for 4 prime numbers there are 6 their products, for 5 prime numbers there are 5
their products, for 3 prime numbers there are 7 their products, which in total 8 + (4 + 5 + 5 + 3) = 8 +
17 = gives 25 numbers first completed by 2 + (6 + 5 + 5 + 7) = 2 + 23 = 25 their products up to 25 + 25
= 50 halves of a given magnitude.

And it looks like the odd concrete figures we find up to 100.

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Such an equation of the number of prime numbers with their product 25/25 = 1 : 1 will not happen
anymore. Arranged among their products in a strictly defined ratio 17/23, 17/33, 17/43, 17/53, they
adhere to the tendency that their products are more and more π (340) = 68/102/170 = 2 : 3 : 5, also
in other relations π(910) = 280/630/910 = 4 : 9 : 13, π(4220) = 1055/3165/4220 = 1 : 3 : 4. Such an
equalization of the 34/16 to 25/25 ratio takes place at the expense of subtracting and adding the
same number 34 = 9 + 25 - 9 = 16 to the half of the sum of 34 + 16 = 50/2 = 25, or subtracting from 34
what is too much and adding this to 16 /34 - 9 = 25 = 9 + 16 /.

The same is true in the next hundred numbers from 120 to 220, here the prime numbers are in the
strict 17/33/50 ratio.
 17

And it looks like the concrete odd figures we find up to 200.

Here is an example of the basic ratio of 16 prime numbers to 34 of their products.

It occurs within 100 numbers between the number 200 and 300, where on the 17 products of the
number 3 in the basic ratio there are 33 prime numbers and their products greater than 3 and after
the order creates a basic ratio of 16 prime numbers to 34 of their products.
 18

PRIME NUMBER FUNCTION π(x)

Up to now, it seemed that the prime numbers are completely randomly distributed among
other numbers. However, the prime numbers are constantly less and the more areas we
consider, and their number is in a decreasing ratio, both to the half of the numbers in a given
magnitude, and their products 25 : 25 : 50 1/1/2, 68 : 102 : 170, 2/3/5, 85 : 136 : 221,
5/8/13. The primes as to their distribution are subject to one principle, that the sum of
prime numbers and their products form half of a given magnitude /π(x) + Σ[p(p')] = ½N /, i.e.
they are mutually dependent. Interestingly, the number of their products /Σ[p(p')]/ is a
number always with the same parity as the number of prime numbers π(x). (25 + 25 = 50,
168 + 332 = 500, 1 229 + 3 771 = 5,000, 9 592 + 40 408 = 50,000, 78 498 + 421 502 = 500,000)
The sum and the difference of two numbers with the same parity is always an even number,
and therefore divisible by two. The rule of half the sum and the difference of primes and
their products, allows us to calculate the number of prime numbers to half of a given
magnitude, because this half consists of half of the sum and the difference of numbers with
the same parity.

THEOREM: If the number of their products /Σ[p(p')]/, is the same parity as the number of
prime numbers π(x), then half of their sum and difference added when their products are
more than prime numbers, or subtracted when prime numbers are less than their products,
they give the exact value of π(x) to half of the given magnitude.

PROOF: Up to 1,000 we have 168 prime numbers and 332 of their products. Half of the sum
and difference of numbers with the same parity summed up, when their products are more
than prime numbers [332 + 168]/2 + [332 - 168]/2 = 250 + 82 = 332, or subtracted when
prime numbers are less than their product [332 + 168]/2 - [332 - 168]/2 = 250 - 82 = 168,
gives the exact value of π(x) to half of the given magnitude.
 19

168 number long string of prime numbers from 2 - 997, is complemented by 166 products of
number 3 (9 - 999), and 166 products of numbers greater than 3 [168 + (166 + 166)] = 168 +
332 = 500, up to half given magnitude. It is clear from this graphic system that the products
of the number 3 growing like half of a given magnitude in predictable geometric progression
16, [166 = 16(10) + 6, 1666 = 166(10) + 6], influence the number of prime numbers. and their
products greater than 3. That is, according to the basic ratio for the 16 products of the
number 3 there are 34 = 25 prime numbers plus 9 their products greater than 3. /16 + 34 =
50 = 25 + (16 + 6 + 3)/

The higher the products of number 3 is more /16, 166, 1666/, the less space there is for
prime numbers in this natural sequence of numbers, developing arithmetically. Here the
sum of the products of 3 is 864 = 16/2 (9 + 99) = 8 (108), the products of the number 5 is 360
= 6/2 (25 + 95) = 3 (120), / 360: 60 = 6 /. Here also the prime numbers develop in a double
arithmetic with the difference R - n (6);

2 - 5 – 11 – 17 – 23 – 29 – 41 – 47 – 53 – 59 – 71 – 83 – 89 – 101 – 107 –
3 - 7 – 13 - 19 – 31 – 37 – 43 – 61 – 67 – 73 – 79 – 97 - 103 - 109
 20

Such an equation of the ratio 332/168 takes place at the expense of subtracting and adding the same
number 332 = 82 + 250 - 82 = 168 to half of the sum of the numbers 332 + 168 = 500/2 = 250, that is,
subtracting from 332 what is too much to ¼ of a given magnitude and adding this to 168 /332 - 82 =
250 = 82 + 168/.

The prime numbers and their products are arranged so evenly that the same number which is the
difference between the number of products and ¼ of a given magnitude, determines how many
primes there are less, and their products more than ¼ of a given magnitude.

π(x) ∑ p(p’) – N/4 N/4 ∑ p(p’) – N/4 ∑ p(p’)

25 0 - 25 + 0 25
168 82 - 250 + 82 332
1 229 1 271 - 2 500 + 1 271 3 771
9 592 15 408 - 25 000 + 15 408 40 408
78 498 171 502 - 250 000 + 171 502 421 502
664 579 1 835 421 - 2 500 000 + 1 835 421 4 335 421
5 761 455 19 238 545 - 25 000 000 + 19 238 545 44 238 545
50 847 534 199 152 466 - 250 000 000 + 199 152 466 449 152 466
455 052 511 2 044 947 489 - 2 500 000 000 + 2 044 947 489 4 544 947 489
4 118 054 813 20 881 945 187 - 25 000 000 000 + 20 881 945 187 45 881 945 187

On this basis, we can conclude that the prime numbers to a given magnitude is less so, if there are
more products than ¼ of a given magnitude, that is all the prime numbers are on the line in the
middle ¼ of a given magnitude, and the surplus of their products over ¼ of a given magnitude.
Therefore, knowing the number of products to a given magnitude by subtracting from them ¼ of a
given magnitude, we calculate if there are more of them, because the fewer the prime numbers will
be. So we can write a pattern:

π(x) = N/4 - [Σp(p') - N/4], 168 = 250 - [332 - 250] = 250 – 82

 21

Hence, with the increase of the difference between their products and ¼ of a given magnitude, the
number of prime numbers to ¼ of a given magnitude decreases:
250 000 000 – 199 152 466 = 50 847 534

The line graph shows how asymptotically the number of prime numbers decreases as compared to
the geometric growth of ¼ of a given magnitude. f (¼N)q, 25 - 250 – 2500, 250 = 25(q), 2500 = 250(q)
 22

We see that the mathematical laws resulting from the number parity apply and in this equation (N)/2
- Σ[p(p ')] = π (x), when we subtract from the half of a given magnitude the products of prime number
numbers contained in it, to obtain the number of prime numbers to a given magnitude: where the
sum and the difference of two numbers with the same parity is an even number / 500 - 332 = 168 /,
while the number of different parity is an odd number / 5000 - 3771 = 1229 /.

N/2 - ∑[p(p‘)] = π(x)

10/2 1 4
10²/2 25 25
10³/2 332 168
10⁴/2 3 771 1 229
10⁵/2 40 408 9 592
10⁶/2 421 502 78 498
10⁷/2 4 335 421 664 579
10⁸/2 44 238 545 5 761 455
10⁹/2 449 152 466 50 847 534
10¹⁰/2 4 544 947 489 455 052 511
10¹¹/2 45 881 945 187 4 118 054 813
10¹²/2 462 392 087 982 37 607 912 018
10¹³/2 4 653 934 463 161 346 065 536 839
10¹⁴/2 46 795 058 249 198 3 204 941 750 802
10¹⁵/2 470 155 429 577 331 29 844 570 422 669
10¹⁶/2 4 720 761 658 966 075 279 238 341 033 925
10¹⁷/2 47 376 442 842 345 767 2 623 557 157 654 233
10¹⁸/2 475 260 045 712 259 140 24 739 954 287 740 860
10¹⁹/2 4 765 942 332 723 655 393 234 057 667 276 344 607
10²⁰/2 47 779 180 397 439 081 160 2 220 819 602 560 918 840
10²¹/2 478 872 730 513 981 268 072 21 127 269 486 018 731 928
10²²/2 4 798 532 713 310 684 093 710 201 467 286 689 315 906 290
10²³/2 48 074 679 608 393 196 031 077 1 925 320 391 606 803 968 923
10²⁴/2 481 564 400 232 650 799 132 134 18 435 599 767 349 200 867 866
10²⁵/2 4 823 153 690 600 856 230 588 320 176 846 309 399 143 769 411 680
10²⁶/2 48 300 753 249 127 562 858 672 397 1 699 246 750 872 437 141 327 603
10²⁷/2 483 647 539 573 158 319 553 572 601 16 352 460 426 841 680 446 427 399
10²⁸/2 3 175 744 192 306 678 560 887 745 047 157 589 141 026 654 772 445 588 287

How evenly the prime numbers are distributed among their products is also due to their ratio to a
given magnitude, which is visible from the magnitude of 1,000,000 in almost the same difference of
2,3.. with which their relation to a given magnitude increases.

N π(x) N/π(x) = Q Q₂ - Q₁ = d
10 4 2,5 -
10² 25 4 1,5
10³ 168 5,952380952 1,952380952
10⁴ 1 229 8,136696501 2,184315549
10⁵ 9 592 10,425354462 2,288657961
10⁶ 78 498 12,739178068 2,313823606
10⁷ 664 579 15,047120056 2,307941988
 23

10⁸ 5 761 455 17,356726729 2,309606673

10⁹ 50 847 534 19,666637127 2,309910398
10¹⁰ 455 052 511 21,975485813 2,308848686
10¹¹ 4 118 054 813 24,283309606 2,307823793
10¹² 37 607 912 018 26,590149421 2,306839815
10¹³ 346 065 536 839 28,896260781 2,306111360
10¹⁴ 3 204 941 750 802 31,201815126 2,305554345
10¹⁵ 29 844 570 422 669 33,506932277384 2,305117151
10¹⁶ 279 238 341 033 925 35,8117010829293 2,304768805545
10¹⁷ 2 623 557 157 654 233 38.11618881953831 2,304487736609
10¹⁸ 24 739 954 287 740 860 40.420446552543547 2,304257733005
10¹⁹ 234 057 667 276 344 607 42.7245136481400161 2,304067095596
10²⁰ 2 220 819 602 560 918840 45.02842098686713155 2,30390733872711
10²¹ 21 127 269 486 018 731 928 47.332193147901297933 2,30377216103417
10²² 201 467 286 689 315 906 290 49.6358498907123767384 2,30365674281108
10²³ 1 925 320 391 606 803 968 923 51.9394072986177402967 2,30355740790536
10²⁴ 18 435 599 767 349 200 867 866 54.242878594656482689695 2,30347129603874
10²⁵ 176 846 309 399 143 769 411 680 56.5462747510885666811513 2,30339615643209
10²⁶ 1 699 246 750 872 437 141 327 603 58.84960494916787034601609 2,30333019807930
10²⁷ 16 352 460 426 841 680 446 427 399 61,15287693089622275074775 2,30327198172835
10²⁸ 157589 141 026 654 772 445 588 287 63.45614891262457475074775 2,30327198172836

Calculating the difference (d) with which their relation to a given magnitude increases and adding it
to the last ratio N/π(x) = Q (58,84960494916787034601609 + 2,30327198172835240473166 =
61,15287693089622275074775), we get a new ratio to a given magnitude N/π(x), which divided by
this ratio will give us the number of prime numbers that is to a given magnitude π(x) = N/Q (10²⁷/
61.1528769308962227507477520684658326228362411 = 16 352 460 426 841 680 446 427 399).

Let's check how many fewer are the prime numbers to N/4, 250(10^²⁴) - 16 352 460 426 841 680 446
427 399 = 233 647 539 573 158 319 553 572 601, and adding 250(10^²⁴) we get 483 647 539 573 158
319 553 572 601, the number of products of prime numbers.
 24

It is difficult to imagine a more even distribution of prime numbers and their products than
those following one by one in 20 columns every 40 - 80 numbers and in rows with fixed
number of places for prime numbers and their products greater than 3, supplemented to ½
N by multiples of 3 (4 - 3 - 3) (6 - 7 - 7), that is, 6 places in this row 4 can be occupied by
primes, and 2 of them products are larger than 3, similarly in lines for 7 places, 5 for prime
numbers and 2 for their products greater than 3. Only the first row is the place for 8 prime
numbers, and because every third number in each row is the product of the number 3 there
will be 2 places for the products of the number 3. In the next row among the 6 places, there
are 4 places for products of the number 3, and among 7 places there are 3 places, for
products the number three.

This leads to the balanced distribution of prime numbers and their products greater than 3
included in the geometric sequence 3(q) in numbers 4 - 30 - 34 - 300 - 334 - 3000 – 3334,.
(34 = 9 + 25, 334 = 166 + 168, 3 334 = 2 105 + 1 229), i.e. Σ(p) + [p(p')]> 3 = Σ[p(p')]> 3 + π(x)
supplemented always up to ½ N by the product of the number 3 (16, 166, 1 666), as the sum
 25

of two fixed numbers 34 + 16 = 50, 334 + 166 = 500, 3 334 + 1 666 = 5,000, and this sum
grows within geometric 5 (q). This makes that half of the sum of prime numbers and their
products greater than 3, (25 + 9) / 2 = 34/2 = 17 one number subtracted or added from half
the difference between them / 25 - 9 = 16/2 = 8 / , you can equalize both of these numbers 9
+ 8 = 17 = 25 - 8, 168 - 166 = 2/2 = 1, 166 + 1 = 167 = 168 - 1, 2105 - 1229 = 876/2 = 438, 2105
- 438 = 1667 = 1229 + 438 half of the sum of prime numbers and their products greater than
3. That is, if the prime numbers are less to half the sum of prime numbers and their products
greater than 3, there are more of their products greater than 3.

Hence, we can write this system further: Σ[p(p')> 3 = [π(x) + Σp(p')> 3]/2 ± [π(x) - Σp(p')> 3]/2
9 = (25 + 9) / 2 ± (25 - 9) / 2, 9 = 17 ± 8 = 25, 166 = 167 ± 1 = 168, 2105 = 1667 ± 438 = 1 229,
 26

So there is a close relationship between the number of arriving primes π(x) and their
products greater than three /Σ[p(p')]> 3 /, which increase in geometric progression 3(q), as
shown in the table below. /3(q) = Σ[p(p')]> 3 + π(x), 30 = 9 + 21, 300 = 157 + 143/ That is, if
we have 4 prime numbers in the top ten, up to 100 there cannot be more than 3(10) = 30,
that is 21 prime numbers plus 9 their products greater than 3 is equal 30. 4 + 30 = 34 + 300 =
334 + 3000 = 3334, ...

∑p + [p(p’)]> 3 ∑[p(p’)]> 3 π(x) N

4 0 4 10
30 9 21
34 9 25 10²
300 157 143
334 166 168 10³
3 000 1 939 1 061
3 334 2 105 1 229 10⁴
30 000 21 637 8 363
33 334 23 742 9 592 10⁵
300 000 231 094 68 906
333 334 254 836 78498 10⁶
3 000 000 2 413 919 586 081
3 333 334 2 668 755 664 579 10⁷
30 000 000 24 903 124 5 096 876
33 333 334 27 571 879 5 761 455 10⁸
300 000 000 254 913 921 45 086 079
333 333 334 282 485 800 50 847 534 10⁹
3 000 000 000 2 595 795 023 404 204 977
3 333 333 334 2 878 280 823 455 052 511 10¹⁰
30 000 000 000 26 336 997 698 3 663 002 302
33 333 333 334 29 215 278 521 4 118 054 813 10¹¹
300 000 000 000 266 510 142 795 33 489 857 205
333 333 333 334 295 725 421 316 37 607 912 018 10¹²
3 000 000 000 000 2 691 542 375 179 308 457 624 821
3 333 333 333 334 2 987 267 796 495 346 065 536 839 10¹³
30 000 000 000 000 27 141 123 786 037 2 858 876 213 963
33 333 333 333 334 30 128 391 582 532 3 204 941 750 802 10¹⁴
300 000 000 000 000 273 360 371 328 133 26 639 628 671 867
333 333 333 333 334 303 488 762 910 665 29 844 570 422 669 10¹⁵
3 000 000 000 000 000 2,750,606,229,388,744 249,393,770,611,256
3 333 333 333 333 334 3 054 094 992 299 409 279 238 341 033 925 10¹⁶
30 000 000 000 000 000 27,655,681,183,379,692 2,344,318,816,620,308
33 333 333 333 333 334 30,709,776,175,679,101 2 623 557 157 654 233 10¹⁷
300 000 000 000 000 000 277,883,602,869,913,373 22,116,397,130,086,627
333 333 333 333 333 334 308,593,379,045,592,474 24 739 954 287 740 860 10¹⁸
3 000 000 000 000 000 000 2,790,682,287,011,396,253 209,317,712,988,603,747
3 333 333 333 333 333 334 3,099,275,666,056,988,727 234 057 667 276 344 607 10¹⁹
30 000 000 000 000 000 000 28,013,238,064,715,425,767 1,986,761,935,284,574,233
33 333 333 333 333 333 334 31,112,513,730,772,414,494 2 220 819 602 560 918 840 10²⁰
300 000 000 000 000 000 000 281,093,550,116,542,186,912 18,906,449,883,457,813,088
333 333 333 333 333 333 334 312,206,063,847,314,601,406 21 127 269 486 018 731 928 10²¹
 27

3 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 2,819,659,982,796,702,825,638 180,340,017,203,297,174,362

3 333 333 333 333 333 333 334
30 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
33 333 333 333 333 333 333 334
300 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
333 333 333 333 333 333 333 334
3 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
3 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 334
30 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
33 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 334
300 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 334
3 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
3 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 334
3,131,866,046,644,017,427,044
28,276,146,895,082,511,937,367
31,408,012,941,726,529,364,411
283,489,720,624,257,603,101,057
314,897,733,565,984,132,465,468
2,841,589,290,368,205,431,456,186
3,156,487,023,934,189,563,921,654
28,477,599,558,526,706,628,084,077
31,634,086,582,460,896,192,005,731
285,346,786,324,030,756,694,900,204
316,980,872,906,491,652,886,905,935
2,858,763,319,400,186,848,000,839,112
3 175 744 192 306 678 560 887 745 047
201 467 286 689 315 906 290 10²²
1,723,853,104,917,488,062,633
1 925 320 391 606 803 968 923 10²³
16,510,279,375,742,396,898,943
18 435 599 767 349 200 867 866 10²⁴
158,410,709,631,794,568,543,814
176 846 309 399 143 769 411 680 10²⁵
1,522,400,441,473,293,371,915,923
1 699 246 750 872 437 141 327 603 10²⁶
14,653,213,675,969,243,305,099,796
16 352 460 426 841 680 446 427 399 10²⁷
141,236,680,599,813,151,999,160,888
157 589 141 026 654 772 445 588 287 10²⁸

N ∑[p+p(p’)]>3 ∑[p+p(p’)]>3/π(x) Q₂ - Q₁ = d
10 4 - -
10² 34 1,36 -
10³ 334 1,988 0,628
10⁴ 3 334 2,7127 0,724
10⁵ 33 334 3,4751 0,7624
10⁶ 333 334 4,2464 0,7713
10⁷ 3 333 334 5,0157 0,7693
10⁸ 33 333 334 5,7855 0,7698
10⁹ 333 333 334 6,5555 0,7700
10¹⁰ 3 333 333 334 7,3251 0,7696
10¹¹ 33 333 333 334 8,0944 0,7693
10¹² 333 333 333 334 8,8633 0,7689
10¹³ 3 333 333 333 334 9,6320 0,7687
10¹⁴ 33 333 333 333 334 10,4006 0,7686
10¹⁵ 333 333 333 333 334 11,1689 0,7683
10¹⁶ 3 333 333 333 333 334 11,9372 0,7683
10¹⁷ 33 333 333 333 333 334 12,7053 0,7689
10¹⁸ 333 333 333 333 333 334 13,4734 0,7687
10¹⁹ 3 333 333 333 333 333 334 14,2415 0,7681
10²⁰ 33 333 333 333 333 333 334 15,00947 0,76797
10²¹ 333 333 333 333 333 333 334 15,777397 0,767927
10²² 3 333 333 333 333 333 333 334 16,545283 0,767886
10²³ 33 333 333 333 333 333 333 334 17,313135 0,767852
10²⁴ 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 334 18,0809595315 0,767824
10²⁵ 3 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 334 18,848758250 0,767799
10²⁶ 33 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 334 19,616534983 0,767776733
10²⁷ 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 334 20,3842923102987409 0,7677573269
10²⁸ 3 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 334 21,1520496375415249 0,767757327242784

The steady increase in the sum of prime numbers and their products greater than three by 3(q)
means, that their ratio to a given magnitude N is constantly growing by almost the same value of
0.76.
 28

From this uniformly increasing sequence of primes and their products greater than 3, in geometric
progression 3(q), giving a total number consisting of triples and one four, from the ratio of prime
numbers to this sum magnifying steadily by 0.767757327242784 ,. you can calculate how much will
be the ratio of prime numbers to the known sum of primes and their products greater than 3 from
the previous range of N. And it is 20.38429231029874091691591733643746621555816378 +
0.767757327242784 = 21.15204963754152491691591733643746621555816378 and by this ratio
divided by the sum of primes and their products greater than 3 gives the number of prime numbers
to 10^²⁸.

Subtracting from the sum Σ[p + p(p')]> 3, the number of prime numbers results in the number of
their products greater than 3. This is strictly binding the number of prime numbers with their
products greater than 3, always to the number increasing in geometric progression 3(q) /4 - 30 - 34 -
300 - 334 - 3000 - 3334 /, testifies to the wonderful order prevailing in the whole series of prime
numbers from the very beginning, as in the best accounting book, where everything must fit zero, as
shown below. π(x) + d = π(x’), 4 + 21 = 25, 25 + 143 = 168, 168 + 1 061 = 1 229, 1 229 + 8 363 = 9 592,
9 592 + 68 906 = 78 498, 78 498 + 586 081 = 664 579, 664 579 + 5 096 876 = 5 761 455,

5 761 455 + 45 086 079 = 50 847 534, 50 847 534 + 404 204 977 = 455 052 511, 455 052 511 +
3 663 002 302 = 4 118 054 813, 4 118 054 813 + 33 489 857 205 = 37 607 912 018, 37 607 912 018 +
308 457 624 821 = 346 065 536 839, 346 065 536 839 + 2 858 876 213 963 = 3 204 941 750 802,
 29

3 204 941 750 802 + 26 639 628 671 867 = 29 844 570 422 669, 29 844 570 422 669 +
249 393 770 611 256 = 279 238 341 033 925, 279 238 341 033 925 + 2 344 318 816 620 308 =
2 623 557 157 654 233, 2 623 557 157 654 233 + 22 116 397 130 086 627 = 24 739 954 287 740 860,
24 739 954 287 740 860 + 209 317 712 988 603 747 = 234 057 667 276 344 607,…

21 127 269 486 018 731 928 + 180 340 017 203 297 174 362 = 201 467 286 689 315 906 290,
 30

201 467 286 689 315 906 290 + 1 723 853 104 917 488 062 633 = 1 925 320 391 606 803 968 923
 31

SUMMARY; Such and not the other arrangement of prime numbers and their products results from
the natural order in which they occur. It is enough in pairs to add them to each other, and when the
sum of two sums received is decomposed to prime factors to a given number next to which he stands
that sign (1 + 2) = 3/1 = (3 + 4) = 7 + 3 = 10|2 = 5, that is a prime numbers, or to a smaller one (5 + 6)
= 11 + 10 = 21, (7 + 8) = 15 + 21 = 36|2 = 18|2 = 9|3 = 3, which is a complex one. All pairs of primes
and their products greater than 3 occur every 6 numbers from the number of the first / 5 - 11 - 17 /,
/ 7 - 13 - 19 /, just like the product of the number 3/9 - 15 - 21 /. It is thanks to the perfect number 6
that the prime numbers and their products are arranged in perfect order.

All products of number 3 has always in a given magnitude capacity: in 100 - 16, in 1000 - 166, and
thus also in prime numbers and their products greater than 3 cannot be more than 34 to 100, 334 to
1000. We have so 17 prime numbers and their products greater than 3 in one column, 17 prime
numbers and their products greater than 3 in the second column, and 16 products number 3 to 100
in the third column, together 17 + 17 + 16 = 50 numbers coming in given magnitude/167 + 167 = 334
+ 166 = 500/.

Counting all prime numbers occurring to π(20) = 8 (2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19) and 2 products of number 3
(9,15), we get 8 + 2 = 10 numbers coming in given magnitude. Among the next 80 numbers we have
17 prime numbers and 23 their products / 8 + 17 = 25 = 2 + 23 /. And here we find the first constant
ratio of prime numbers to their products 17/23 = for 40 numbers to a given magnitude 17 can be
prime numbers and 23 their products 17 + 23 = 40. We have an even smaller ratio only once in the
previous 60 numbers, where it equals 17 + 13 = 30.

From now on, they come in close relation to their products in groups of 17 + (23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73,
83, 93) numbers, 34 + (66, 86, 96, 106, 116, 126, 136, 146, 156, 166, 176) numbers, 51 + (119, 139,
169, 179, 199, 229), 68 + 202 = 270 numbers, 68 + 222 = 290 numbers, 68 + 232 = 300 numbers, 68 +
272 = 340 numbers. Σ [p (p ')] + π (x) = ½N

3057 1023 4080

116 34 150
3173 1057 4230
3181 1059 4240
232 68 300
3413 1127 4540
169 51 220
3582 1178 4760
63 17 80
3645 1195 4840
126 34 160
3771 1229 5000
179 51 230
3950 1280 5230
199 51 250
4149 1331 5480
32
33
 34

And this is the equation of the numbers 25 = 8 + 17, 16 + 9 = 25 on a specific example of prime
numbers and their products greater than 3 to half of a given magnitude (½N). It shows how evenly
distributed are in 3 groups of numbers (17 + 17 + 16 = 50), they consist of primes and their products.
. ∑[p + p(p’)]> 3 + ∑[p + p(p’)]> 3 + ∑3(p’) = ½N
 35

Thus, the puzzle of the distribution of prime numbers has been solved. Henceforth, the
sequence of prime numbers is not similar to the accidental sequence of numbers, but to the
ordered in geometric progression 3(q) of the increasing sequence of primes and their
products greater than 5 to the half of a given magnitude. So the sum of primes and their
products greater than five π(x) + Σ[p(p')]> 5 equals the difference between half of a given
magnitude and the products of the number three ½N - i (3), 25 + 9 = 34 = 50 - 16 and grows
in geometric progression 3(q), 34 - 300 - 334 - 3000 - 3334. The ratio of prime numbers to
their products is thus determined by the complement to half the given magnitude /π(x) +
Σ[p(p')] = ½N and is 17 + (23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93), 34 + (66, 86, 96, 106, 116, 126, 136,
146, 156, 166, 176), by 51 + (119, 139, 169, 179, 199, 229), after 68 + (102, 202, 222, 232,
272)/ numbers, with additional ratios within these ratios, e.g. 68(p) + 102Σ[p(p')] = 170 (½N),
2 : 3 : 5, 180(p) + 360Σ[p(p')] = 540(½N), 1 : 2 : 3. Total radar chart gives an image of a grid of
numerals arranged radials at 10 columns of fixed distance n(20) between them, although
one can also see left-handed and dextrorotary spiral structures. Finally sought for centuries
by Mathematicians, the mysterious structure of prime numbers and their products has been
discovered and their music can be written forever.

Q E D
36
 37

TABLES OF PRIMES AT 2 TO 13577

38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
 46

Jan Lubina born in Katowice – 1947 - Poland. Matura at the Technical Chemical Chorzow -
1966. Next, a bachelor's thesis at the Pontifical Faculty of Theology in Krakow. Mathematics,
in which sphere immersed in further self-education intrigued me from an early age.