3.

1 Linear Arrays and Planar Arrays with Separable Distributions 117 116

R for the voltage sidelobe ratio, so R and r should be considered interchangeable. these two figures shows that the Fourier sei^ s ■,
Although SLJB is always positive, it is sometimes convenient to refer to sidelobes as lower sidelobes than the Woodward method. O\?~L a.'ower riPP'e level and
negative with respect to the main beam. This should be considered as -SLJB-) If the ward synthesis is that it does not control the sidelo" " e ™sadyantages of Wood-
array polynomial is forced to match the Chebyshev polynomial in such a way that of the pattern, since only the constituent beams within tr?«.'" u"shaped region
the array sidelobe region occupies the range \z\ < 1 and the beam peak (at 8 = 0) is in the synthesis. The primary advantage of the Woodward sy*?., re8'on are used
in the region ZQ > 1, then that it can be implemented using lossless orthogonal beam network?^technique is
Chapter 7, and so is a relatively simple distribution to approximate wft?l' r'bed in
TM (ZO ) = r no loss. 1y
The Woodward technique is also the basis for a convenient iterative synthesis
procedure due to Stutzman [11]. In that procedure, which is not discussed further in
Figure 3.4 shows the pattern of an 8-element array with Chebyshev illumination
this text, Stutzman adds a correction term to a convenient original pattern whose
and sidelobe levels of-20, -30, and -40 dB. The currents required to produce the
beamwidth is near to that of the desired pattern. The iterative procedure adds
synthesized pattern are given by Stegen [13] for spacing d xl\ > 0.5 as
Woodward-type beams, centered at sampling points, to bring the level of the total
(Nr-l)/2 2 pattern to the desired level. The procedure is repeated until the desired pattern is
1 matched to all sampled points.
<3-17a> £ Tm{z0
Although Woodward synthesis is often thought of as a procedure for synthesizing
. . , (N T -l)/2 shaped beams, Chapter 8 illustrates the synthesis of very-low-sidelobe patterns with
m = 0, 1,2, Woodward-type beams using so-called dual transform feeds.
sI
for Nj odd and as: 3.1.4 Dolph-Chebyshev Synthesis
The procedure commonly referred to as Dolph-Chebyshev synthesis [12] equates
the array polynomial to a Chebyshev polynomial and produces the narrowest
I) beamwidth subject to a given (constant) sidelobe level. The synthesized pattern for
an array of Nj elements spaced d x apart for A/2 < d x < A at broadside is

F(z) = (3.15)

for

M = NT - 1

where TJH(Z) is the

Chebyshev polynomial of = cos(M cos z)
order M: -1
(3.16)
for |*| < 1 for

Izl > 1

UffF™ = cosh(M cosh z)

and

Z = ZQ cos[{wdxfA) sin 0\

and

ZQ = cosh (11M cosh - r)

I

(From: [10]. © 1988 Van Nostrand Reinhold, Inc. Reprinted with permission.)
I If ui» 1.4 Patterns of Dolph-Chebyshev arrays with eight elements (-20-, -30-, -40-dB sidelobes).
for voltage main beam to sidelobe ratio r > 1 such that SL^ = 20 logio r is a
positive number. (Note that some of the figures due to other authors use upper case