Question-1: What is the difference between LTE FDD and LTE TDD?

Answer-1:The difference lies in the LTE frame structure in both the FDD and TDD versions ofthe LTE.
In FDD there will be pair of frequencies assigned in the downlink and uplink directionsand hence
transmissions from multiple subscribes can happen at the same time but on differentfrequencies as
mentioned. In TDD, one single frequency will be used at different time instants bymultiple subscriber
terminals (UEs). Both frame versions of LTE will have 1 ms sub-frameduration and 0.5 ms slot
duration.

Question-2: What is resource block in LTE?

Answer-2:LTE frame is divided based on time slots on time axis and frequency subcarrier
onfrequency axis. Resource block is the smallest unit of resource allocation in LTE system. It is
ofabout 0.5ms duration and composed of 12 subcarriers in 1 OFDM symbol. One time slot is equalto
7 OFDM symbols in normal cyclic prefix and 6 OFDM symbols in extended cyclic prefix.One full
resource block is equal to 12 subcarriers by 7 symbols in normal CP. Hence it consistsof total 84
time/frequency elements referred as resource elements in LTE network.

LTE Cell Search Procedure used by UE

A cell search procedure is used by the UE to acquire time and frequency

synchronization with a LTE cell and UE detects the physical layer Cell ID
(PCI) of that cell. Two cell search procedures in LTE: initial synchronization
and detecting neighbour cells in preparation for handover LTE uses a
hierarchical cell search scheme similar to WCDMA

Step-1: After being powered on, UE tunes the RF and attempts to measure
the wideband received power (RSSI) for specific frequencies (channels as
commanded by higher layer) over a set of supported frequency bands one
after another and ranks those cells based on signal strength.

Step-2: Then it uses downlink synchronization channels i.e. locally stored P-

SS and S-SS to correlate with received one. UE first finds the primary
synchronization signal (PSS) which is located in the last OFDM symbol of first
time slot of the first and 5th sub-frames This enables UE to be synchronized
on sub-frame level. Primary Synchronization Signal helps for Slot Timing
Detection and Physical Layer ID (0,1,2) detection.
Step-3:: secondary synchronization symbols are also located in the same sub-
frame of P-SS but in the symbol before P-SS. From secondary SS, UE is able
to obtain physical layer cell identity group number (0 to 167) It helps for Radio
Frame Timing detection, find Physical Layer Cell ID, cyclic prefix length
detection, FDD or TDD detection. The same is depicted in the LTE cell
search procedure figure below.

Step-4: Once UE knows the PCI for a given cell, it also knows the location of
cell Reference signals - which are used for channel estimation, cell selection /
reselection and handover procedures. After channel estimation using
RS(reference signal), MMSE equalization is performed to remove the effect of
channel impairment from the received symbols.