Exercise 1

STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERING MATB133

TOPIC 2

1. A sample of three calculators is selected from a manufacturing line, and each

calculator is classified as either defective or acceptable. Let A, B, and C denote the
events that the first, second, and third calculators respectively, are defective,

(a) Describe the sample space for this experiment with a tree diagram.

Use the tree diagram to describe each of the following events:

(b) A (c) B (d) A∩B (e) B∪ C

2. Samples of emissions from three suppliers are classified for conformance to air-
quality specifications. The results from 100 samples are summarized as follows:

Let A denote the event that a sample is from supplier 1, and let B denote the event
that a sample conforms to specifications. Determine the number of samples in B’, A’∩
B, and A∪B

Ans: 23, 55, 85

3. Disks of polycarbonate plastic from a supplier are analyzed for scratch and shock
resistance. The results from 100 disks are summarized as follows:

Let A denote the event that a disk has high shock resistance, and let B denote the event
that a disk has high scratch resistance. If a disk is selected at random, determine the
following probabilities:

Ans: 0.86, 0.79, 0.14, 0.70, 0.95, 0.84

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4. A lot contains 15 castings from a local supplier and 25 castings from a supplier in
the next state. Two castings are selected randomly, without replacement, from the
lot of 40. Let A be the event that the first casting selected is from the local supplier,
and let B denote the event that the second casting is selected from the local supplier.
Determine:

5. A batch of 500 containers for frozen orange juice contains 5 that are defective. Two
are selected, at random, without replacement, from the batch. Let A and B denote the
events that the first and second container selected is defective, respectively

(a) Describe the sample space of this event with a tree diagram.
(b) Find (i) P (A B)
(ii) P (B)
(iii) P (A | B)
(c) Are A and B independent events?

6. In the manufacturing of a chemical adhesive, 3% of all batches have raw materials

from two different lots. This occurs when holding tanks are replenished and the
remaining portion of a lot is insufficient to fill the tanks.
Only 5% of batches with material from a single lot require reprocessing. However, the
viscosity of batches consisting of two or more lots of material is more difficult to
control, and 40% of such batches require additional processing to achieve the
required viscosity.
Let A denote the event that a batch is formed from two different lots, and let B denote
the event that a lot requires additional processing. Determine the following
probabilities:

7. An inspector working for a manufacturing company has a 99% chance of correctly

identifying defective items and a 0.5% chance of incorrectly classifying a good item
as defective. The company has evidence that its line produces 0.9% of nonconforming
items.
(a) What is the probability that an item selected for inspection is classified as
defective?
(b) If an item selected at random is classified as nondefective, what is the
probability that it is indeed good?

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8. A manufacturer of front lights for the automobiles test lamps under a high humidity,
high temperature environment using intensity and useful life as the responses of
interest. The following table shows the performance of 130 lamps:

(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected lamp will yield unsatisfied results
under any criteria.
(b) The customers for these lamps demand 95% satisfactory results. Can the lamps
manufacturer meet this demand?

9. The alignment between the magnetic tape and head in a magnetic tape storage system
affects the performance of the system. Suppose that 10% of the read operations are
degraded by skewed alignments, 5% by off-center alignments, 1% by both skewness
and off-center and the remaining read operations are properly aligned. The
probability of a read error is 0.01 from a skewed alignment, 0.02 from an off-center
alignment, 0.06 from both conditions and 0.001 from a proper alignment.
(a) What is the probability of a read error?
(b) If a read error occurs, what is the probability that it is due to a off-center
alignment?

TOPIC 3

10. The following data are the joint temperatures of the O-rings (°F) for each test firing or actual
launch of the space shuttle rocket motor (from Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle
Challenger Accident, Vol. 1, pp. 129–131): 84, 49, 61, 40, 83, 67, 45, 66, 70, 69, 80, 58, 68, 60,
67, 72, 73, 70, 57, 63, 70, 78, 52, 67, 53, 67, 75, 61, 70, 81, 76, 79, 75, 76, 58, 31.
(a) Compute the sample mean and sample standard deviation
(b) Construct a dot diagram of the temperature data.
(c) Set aside the smallest observation and recompute the quantities in part (a).
Comment on your findings. How “different” are the other temperatures from this
last value?

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11. The January 1990 issue of Arizona Trend contains a supplement describing the 12 “best”
golf courses in the state. The lengths of these courses are as follows: 6981, 7099, 6930, 6992,
7518, 7100, 6935, 7518, 7013, 6800, 7041, and 6890.

(a) Calculate the sample mean and sample standard deviation.

(b) Construct a dot diagram of the data.

12. An article in Technometrics (Vol. 19, p. 425) presented the following data on the motor fuel
octane ratings of several blends of gasoline:

(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf display for these data.

(b) Calculate the median and quartiles of these data.
(c) Construct frequency distributions and histograms with 8 bins and 16 bins for the
motor fuel octane data.

13. The percentage of cotton in material used to manufacture men’s shirts follows.

(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf display for the data.

(b) Calculate the median and quartiles of these data.
(c) Construct a frequency distribution and histogram for the cotton content data

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14. An article in Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers reported data from an
experiment investigating the effect of several process variables on the vapour phase
oxidation of naphthalene. A sample of the percentage mole conversion of naphthalene to
maleic anhydride follows:
4.2, 4.7, 4.7, 5.0, 3.8, 3.6, 3.0, 5.1, 3.1, 3.8, 4.8, 4.0, 5.2, 4.3, 2.8, 2.0, 2.8, 3.3, 4.8, 5.0.
(a) Find the median and the upper and lower quartiles of these data.
(b) Construct a box plot of the data.

15. An important quality characteristic of water is the concentration of suspended solid

material. Following are 60 measurements on suspended solids from a certain lake.

(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram for these data and comment on any important
features that you notice.
(b) Compute the sample mean, the sample standard deviation, and the sample median.
(c) Construct a box plot of the concentrations and write an interpretation of the plot.

16. The following stem-and-leaf diagrams shows the aptitude scores x obtained by applicants
for a particular job.

N=50 Aptitude scores 3|1 means 31

1 2 1
3 3 2 9
8 4 2 4 6 8 9
15 5 1 3 3 5 6 7 9
(11) 6 0 1 3 3 3 5 6 8 8 9 9
24 7 1 2 2 2 4 5 5 5 6 8 8 8
12 8 0 1 2 3 5 8 9
5 9 0 1 2
2 10 0
1 11 3

(a) Determine the three quartiles (Q1 , Q2 , Q3) for these data.

Outliers can be defined to be outside the limits Q1 – 1.5(Q3 –Q1) and Q3 + 1.5(Q3 –Q1).
(b) On a graph paper, draw a box plot to represent these data. State the outlier(s) if any.

(c) For these data,  x 3390 and x 2

245246 . Calculate to 2 decimal

places, the mean and the standard deviation for these data.

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17. A travel agent sells holiday packages from his agency shop. The prices, in RM, of 15 holiday
packages sold on a particular day are shown below.

299 350 99 1050 169

2100 2315 475 689 999
650 550 485 830 1015

(a) For these data, find the median and the inter-quartile range.
An outlier is an observation that falls either more than 1.5 x (inter-quartile range) above the
upper quartile or more than 1.5 x (inter-quartile range) below the lower quartile.

(b) Determine if any of the prices are outliers.

The travel agent also sells holiday packages from a website on the Internet. On the same
day, he recorded the price, RM x, of each 20 holiday packages sold on the website. The
cheapest package sold was RM 98, the most expensive was RM 2400 and the quartiles of
these data were RM 305, RM 879 and RM 1005. There were no outliers.

(c) On the graph paper, and using the same scale, draw box plots for the holiday packages sold
in the shop and the holiday packages sold on the website.

18. The students in a class were each asked to write down how many books they owned. The
student with the least number of books had 14 and all but one of the others owned 60 or
fewer. The remaining student owned 65. The quartiles for the class were 30, 33 and 42
respectively.

Outliers are defined to be any values outside the limits of 1.5(Q3 – Q1) below the lower
quartile or above the upper quartile.
On graph paper draw a box plot to represent these data, indicating clearly any outliers.

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Sem 1, 2017/18