Sanskrit by Cassette Lesson 12 Indeclinables Prefixes Adverbs Indeclinable Past Active Participle Nouns inINDECLINABLES (AVYAYA) Indeclinables are in Sanskrit called Avyaya - unchanging. Their form remains the same in all cases, ‘genders and numbers. There are 5 types of Indeclinable. 1) PREFIX PREPOSITIONS: (upasargs) Used as prefixes to verbs and the words derived from them. AR back — GAR 7 go back, retum 2) ADVERBS: BA here 7A there Fat then = - FEA now 3) PARTICLES: not indeed 4) CONJUNCTIONS: 5) INTERJECTIONS: a and faery but SH (expressing wonder) & (calling attention) PRESS 1) Prefix Prepositions (upasarga) Upasargas, when placed before a verb (or their derivatives) can be thought of as forces, which may completely change, or modify, or intensify, or at times, have litle effect on the original word. In other words, the meaning of a prefixed root depends on how the force of an upasarga interacts with the verb, The upasargas most commonly used in Sanskrit are: ; fo yond oss SARTRE RL He css he cen FR go HAR Jey cos A=] css tyon eat) HRT ARIE You cos teen deat FE cam AA AG cary wos cate AAI cay hi cs te ier Sep WBA ome yond Or) AAMT | nets uments nes Used with adjectives and adverbs, SHAT means ton, very, excessively. FEE cut HR yee FFT bens SGT very beni BATT tovely HATEAAT very tovely FE ow aaa very old PAT Cy) stand ART ~ PAT sand over: occupy sea) TH: FATAL APAPATSE | ama occupies the toe. Beco = ple over: appoint aitsaPead 28: 1 Bee peta oe TT) go, SAT ATH ach beyond acqute AMPA SATERSFY 1 You asin pace Bi go ART -F po beyond study Bat: ot He | The vedas are learned by him Ras Y= FA) go ae, fatow aT TH AA STEPTEAT | sr vtonsRamainthe ree FY - Bo ater nie ith 6 cn) TPR MEY ATETTOTE | episod Nésayansve FY = Yc) be after; experience, fel arvana aefey sory [feel the warmth of the sun SAY - FAT (1A) wemblealong; sympathize with 2nd case) ATA FREY | 1 sympathize with you, Y= TE) aa wap wx or ohgs ER APTA: | cre 1am much clipe 1Eee ee eS HY B do wong doh wo with 68) ALARM: AMA He does harm wo be (th =H) goavay. ps avy BE ame ATE | ses with tne HO ~ AY (1) ead or take away, remove. a wan aoa | Knowledge removes fear HT - AZ 1) speak wrongly, abuse, coneure AT: AORTA AT AUR | A man must not abuse others Bini s 2) for. against. 3) on. upon 4) over 5) greatly 1) HAY - 1) go towards, approach array Perret | 1 approach the town, APH - BT 9) know toward recognize AHA A HET AANA: |The tt i nt always recognized APH - AL (4) ink towards; desire 55 A APU | What is desired by you? (PPP of dese hes in) 2) BPH - ATE cy run towards, against; stack — TT: AL safe | ‘Rama attacks the enemy. HP - STFU 1) be tom too for Beni afta | He x bom fr the sake of dara 3) SY - FR 0 site on shower em fr SHPUPTEF | ay te goth shower te cath <3F% — AE cy rain open, pour wpon rer: Benton afte 1 ay the cls ain apn the fds 4) SAR - Fy be over: overpower er: rere SAAT | Dharma overcomes adharms 5) SHAH - FFE (rejoice greatly FEAT AT: SAPTAREPAT | People rejoice duc to the Set. Ci FATA po down wens — PEA AT TEA | Do you unestand me? FE-PE 7 et spurte, int TBE FEAT. APR |The pr ot ied by tne *Noe Ris anys need betwen © and» peeing sho vowel FA = Fo) know dom; ders — POR SHR FAM TATA: | ih a dered by ys? FA -F cros down: escent MATACATETEL: ATER |The Lond deeds te ak the FA -FATi) sand aways aise ARE ET aC | “The sg ies ins oon nate rm PSone ROU etre 3) with verbs of motion or giving, 3HT usually indicates the reverse movement, 1 3 =F daw vad, et GFE TERE | THe mon ats te wate AT - FAA go wars approach, see ATE TGP: SFA: |The town wa siz by emi 2) BHT - FE (1) move all acount at perform ATE: FHBUTAT SATE good eon as with compassion SAT - FA (5) collect sit around; accumulate OTH ETT TPA | ‘Wealth is accumulated by effort, ‘SAT ~ ABTA (1A) shine alt around Te META AT ATTA: | That which shines al around is eats (pace, ete. 2