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Mathematics – 4
Question Bank
Unit – I
1. Definitions of limit, continuous function, differentiable function, analytic
function, harmonic function, conjugate function and orthogonal trajectories.
2. Show that the real and imaginary parts of an analytic function 𝑓(𝑧) =
𝜕2 𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢
𝑢(𝑟, 𝜃) + 𝑖 𝑣(𝑟, 𝜃) satisfy the Laplace equation in polar form + +
𝜕𝑟 2 𝑟 𝜕𝑟
1 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑣 1 𝜕𝑣 1 𝜕2 𝑣
= 0 and + + = 0, respectively.
𝑟 2 𝜕𝜃2 𝜕𝑟 2 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 2 𝜕𝜃2
𝜕2 𝜕2
3. If 𝑓(𝑧) is a regular function of 𝑧, prove that ( 2 +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2
) |𝑓(𝑧)|2 =
4|𝑓 ′ (𝑧)|2 .
𝑥 3 (1+𝑖)−𝑦 3 (1−𝑖)
4. Prove that the function 𝑓(𝑧) defined by 𝑓(𝑧) = , (𝑧 ≠ 0),
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
𝑓(0) = 0 is continuous and the Cauchy’s Riemann equations are satisfied at
the origin and 𝑓 ′ (0) does not exist.
5. Show that the following functions are not analytic at any point.
a. 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧̅
b. 𝑓(𝑧) = |𝑧|2
𝑦
6. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 , 𝑣 = − 2 2, then show that both 𝑢 and 𝑣 are harmonic, but
𝑥 +𝑦
𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 is not analytic.
7. Show that for the function 𝑓(𝑧) = √|𝑥𝑦|, the C-R equations are satisfied at
the origin.
8. If 𝑤 = 𝑓(𝑧) is an analytic function, then prove that the family of curves
defined by 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑐1 cuts orthogonally the family of curves 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑐2 .
2
9. For 𝑤 = 𝑒 𝑧 , find 𝑢 and 𝑣 and prove that the curves 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑐1
and𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑐2 where 𝑐1 and 𝑐2 are constants cut orthogonally.
10.Prove that 𝑢 = 𝑒 −𝑥 ((𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) cos 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 sin 𝑦) is harmonic and find the
analytic function whose real part is 𝑢.
11.Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑦 3 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 can be
imaginary part of an analytic function of 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦.
12.If 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 is an analytic function of 𝑧 and if 𝑢 − 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 (cos 𝑦 −
sin 𝑦), find 𝑓 in term of z.
13.If 𝑤 = 𝜙 + 𝑖𝜓 represents the complex potential for an electric filed and 𝜓 =
𝑥
𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 2 2, determine the function 𝜙.
𝑥 +𝑦
14.Find 𝑘 such that 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑘𝑥𝑦 2 may be harmonic and find its
conjugate.
15.Find the imaginary part whose real part of an analytic function 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑥 2 −
𝑦 2 − 𝑥 by using Milne’s Thomson method.
16.Find the regular function whose real part is 𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑥 (𝑥 cos(2𝑦) −
𝑦 sin(2𝑦)).
17.Show that the function 𝑢 = 2log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) is harmonic and find its harmonic
conjugate.
Unit - II
1. Express 𝐽5 (𝑥) in terms of 𝐽0 (𝑥) and𝐽1 (𝑥).
𝑑
2. Prove that [𝑥 𝑛 𝐽𝑛 (𝑥)] = 𝑥 𝑛 𝐽𝑛−1 (𝑥).
𝑑𝑥
3. Prove that
2 3−𝑥 2 3
a. 𝐽5 (𝑥) = √ ( sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥).
2 𝜋𝑥 𝑥2 2
2 1
b. 𝐽3 (𝑥) = √ ( sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥).
2 𝜋𝑥 𝑥
𝑑
4. Prove that [𝑥 −𝑛 𝐽𝑛 (𝑥)] = −𝑥 −𝑛 𝐽𝑛+1 (𝑥).
𝑑𝑥
1 2
5. Prove that ∫ 𝐽0 (𝑥)𝐽1 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = − (𝐽0 (𝑥)) .
2
𝑑
6. Prove that 𝑥 [𝐽𝑛 (𝑥)] = 𝑛 𝐽𝑛 (𝑥) − 𝑥 𝐽𝑛+1 (𝑥).
𝑑𝑥
𝑛
7. Show that 𝐽𝑛 (𝑥) + 𝐽𝑛′ (𝑥) = 𝐽𝑛+1 (𝑥).
𝑥
8. Write down the power series expansion for 𝐽𝑛 (𝑥) and hence show
2 2
that𝐽−1 (𝑥) = √ cos 𝑥 and 𝐽1 (𝑥) = √ sin 𝑥.
2 𝜋𝑥 2 𝜋𝑥
9. Prove that the two Bessel functions 𝐽𝑛 (𝛼𝑥) and 𝐽𝑛 (𝛽𝑥) are orthogonal.
10.Solve the Bessel differential equation.
11.Solve the Legendre differential equation.
1
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 ≠ 𝑛
12.Prove that ∫−1 𝑃𝑚 (𝑥)𝑃𝑛 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = { 2
𝑖𝑓 𝑚 = 𝑛
2𝑛+1
13.Show that 𝑃𝑛 (1) = 1 and 𝑃𝑛 (−1) = (−1)𝑛 .
1 𝜋
14.When 𝑛 is a positive integer, prove that 𝑃𝑛 (𝑥) = ∫0 (𝑥 ±
𝜋
√𝑥 2 − 1 cos 𝜃)𝑛 𝑑𝜃.
1
15.Show that (1 − 2𝑥𝑡 + 𝑡 2 )−2 = ∑∞𝑛=0 𝑃𝑛 (𝑥)𝑡
𝑛
16.
a. Prove Rodrigue’s formula for Legendre polynomials
8 4 1
b. Prove that 𝑥 4 = 𝑃4 (𝑥) + 𝑃2 (𝑥) + 𝑃0 (𝑥).
35 7 5
17.Show that (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑃𝑛′ (𝑥) = 𝑛 (𝑃𝑛−1 (𝑥) − 𝑥𝑃𝑛 (𝑥))
Unit III
1. Define sampling and explain various types of sampling with examples.
2. Define sampling distribution and standard error briefly.
3. Find the mean and standard deviation of sampling distribution of variances
for the population 2, 3, 4, 5 by drawing samples of size two
(a) with replacement
(b) without replacement.
4. Samples of size 2 taken from the population 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (i) with
replacement and (ii) without replacement . Find
(a) The mean and standard deviation of the population
(b) The mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means.
Verify that means of sampling distribution is equal to the mean of
population and standard deviations of the means of sampling distribution are
not equal to the standard deviation of the population.
5. If the population is 3, 6, 9, 15, 27.
(a) List all possible samples of size 3 that can be taken without replacement
from the finite population.
(b) Calculate the mean of each of the sampling distribution of means
(c) Find the standard deviation of sampling distribution of means.
6. A population consists of five members 2, 3, 6, 8 and 11. Consider all
possible samples of size two which can be drawn with replacement from this
population. Find
(a) The mean and standard deviation of the population.
(b) The mean of the sampling distribution of means.
(c) The standard error of means.
7. The random variable X, representing the number of cherries in a cherry puff,
has the following probability distribution
x 4 5 6 7
P(X=x) 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1
(a) Find the mean and the variance of X.
(b) Find the mean and the variance of the mean for random sample of 36
cherry puffs.
(c) Find the probability that the average number of cherries in 36 cherry
puffs will be less than 5.5.
8.
(a) If the standard deviation of the mean for the sampling distribution of
random sample of size 36 from a large or infinite population is 2, how
large must the sample size become if the standard deviation is to be
reduced to 1.2?
(b) A certain type of thread is manufactured with a mean tensile strength of
78.3 kilograms and a standard deviation of 5.6 kilograms. How is the
variance of the sample mean changed when the sample size is
(i) increased from 64 to 196?
(ii) decreased from 784 to 49?