Istoria avionului F6F Hellcat BuNo.

40467

Grumman F6F-5K Hellcat '40467 - 19' (G-BTCC)

Acest avion Hellcat a fost fotografiat (14 iulie 2014) în Hangar 2 la Duxford, U.K., și, la
data respectivă. Avionul a fost vopsit pentru a reprezenta avionul F6F-3 seria '40467 și
numerotat 19', avion care a fost zburat de către asul aerian (Navy) Alexander Vraciu, deși
acest avion este, de fapt, un F6F-5K seria '80141'.
The F6F Hellcat was first introduced to combat in late August 1943,and within a few days Lt. Loesch of Navy Fighting Squadron VF-6 shot down the first of its many
victims, on 1 September. It was more than a month later, on 5 October, that the F6F first encountered Japanese fighters in the air. That day F6F-3’s of Fighter
Squadrons 5, 6, 9, 16, and 22 eliminated the defending Japanese fighters at Wake Island in the first of several strikes at the island base. Butch O’Hare, already famous
as a Medal of Honor winner, and now commanding officer of VF-6,shot down a Zeke and a Betty, and Alex Vraciu, his wingman, shot down a Zeke. It was the first of
Vraciu’s 19 victories.

At that same time, halfway around the world in Bethpage, Long Island, an F6F-3,BuNo 40467,was taking shape on Grumman’s production line. It was the 1,773rd on
line, and this particular Hellcat was destined to play a major role in Alex Vraciu’s 19 victories, and a somewhat lesser role in the combat careers of several other Navy
aces. By the 4th of November,1943, 40467 had been completed and on that date passed its contractor test flight without incident. A short ferry flight the next day to
NAS BROOKLYN completed delivery to the Navy. These log book entries thus begin the service life of 40467,and within a few days further items were listed: a gunnery
test flight on 9 November; the ferry flight to San Diego with pilot A. W. Stewart, Jr.; and, on 17 November, to Alameda and preparation for shipment overseas by
surface vessel.

At almost the same time Alex Vraciu was shooting down his second enemy aircraft, a Betty, on Nov.20th. He had flown off INDEPENDENCE, and on that same evening
the carrier was crippled and put out of action by a Japanese torpedo,40467 was coming, and arrived at Pearl Harbor on December 3rd. The several detachments of VF-
6,separately based aboard the INDEPENDENCE (CVL-22),the BELLEAU WOOD (CVL-24),and the COWPENS (CVL-25) were soon shore based at Kaneohe. In need of
several replacement airplanes,VF-6 acquired at least one new F6F-3 on 17 December. It was 40467,with a total flight time of 20.5 hours, and it was immediately
assigned to Alex Vraciu. By the first of the new year 1944,the pair had accumulated another 21.5 hours. Although the total time on the Pratt & Whitney R-2800 engine
was now 50 hours, the engine was replaced by another, BuNo H.P.201355. The engine run-in test flight was made by another pilot.
VF-6 had moved from Kaneohe to Barbers Point on December 20th. Papers with the logbook of 40467 were many years later to be the key to the identification of
40467 as Vraciu’s airplane. These showed that the Number 19 was applied on 20 December; Vraciu is shown here in a photograph [included in article] with No.19,
made soon afterward aboard the INTREPID. VF-6 and the other squadrons continued practice at Barbers Point for the first two weeks of January 1944,during which
40467 was flown by several VF-6 pilots. On the 10th,Air Group 6,including VF-6,was assigned to the newly commissioned INTREPID (CV-11),which had arrived that
day. Immediately, from 12 to 14 January, INTREPID conducted qualification landings for her new air group. Vraciu made two flights on the 12th (he was already
considered well qualified),both originating on shore and the second culminated in a night landing on the big carrier. On the 13th he made three flights in
40467,apparently returning to Barbers Point.

INTREPID put to sea on the 16th with Task Group 58.2,which also had the ESSEX (CV-9),with Air Group 9,and CABOT, with Air Group 31. En route to the Marshall
Islands where an invasion of Kwajalein was planned for 1 Feb. 40467 participated in tactical training flights and CAP’s (Combat Air Patrols). The logbook entries showed
the names of several pilots who were subsequently to be added to the list of Navy Aces. There were Ltjg. Thaddeus T. Coleman (2 victories with VF-6 and 8 more with
VF-83 in 1945); Ltjg Lindly W. Godson (5 with VBF-83 in 1945); and Ens. Henry E. Mitchell (6 victories with VBF-17 also in 1945). Task Group 58.2 conducted a day-
long series of strikes at Roi and Namur Islands in the Kwajalein Group on January 29th,but by the time Vraciu took off on CAP in 40467,virtually all the Japanese
fighters in the area had either been shot down or destroyed on the ground. However, the Official History of Fighting Squadron 6,told that 40467’s first combat flight
was not uneventful:

“Lt (jg) Vraciu and Ens. Hall, his wing man, were circling north of Burlesque Island at seven thousand feet when they saw a Betty emerge from the smoke of Tokyo Pier
and head south at about four hundred feet. The section dove fast and Vraciu made a flat high side (approach) firing a long burst. The Betty flamed up around the
starboard wing root and almost immediately crashed into the sea. Recovered from the attack, the pilots saw another Betty flying southwest over the lagoon away from
Burlesque at about three hundred feet. It dove to one hundred feet and Vraciu and Hall came in on the stern. On Vraciu’s first burst the port engine and wing exploded
and the Betty crashed into the lagoon. Going back up to altitude and at 3 to 4000 feet two Bettys were seen flying south over the lagoon. As the section dove on them
one turned west and the other held its course. Hall pursued the latter. Vraciu made a run on the Betty flying west with no visible effect. On the second run he found
only one of his guns was firing. He continued to attack, using mostly flat high sides, with the Betty jinking and turning in. On one run Vraciu’s guns failed to fire at all
and, even with constant charging, only one gun was operative throughout the rest of the attack. After eight or nine runs, the last being made approximately twenty-
five miles west of Burlesque, the Betty finally nosed into the sea and crashed from an altitude of about eighty feet. No smoke or flame was observed and Vraciu
believes that the Betty’s pilot was killed.”

Vraciu went hunting again on February 1st in 40467,over Roi and Namur, but by then Japanese air opposition in the Kwajalein area was non-existent. Several CAP’s
over the Task Group on the 2nd and 3rd failed to produce any further action. When INTREPID dropped anchor in newly taken Majuro Lagoon on 4 Feburary,40467 was
destined to make only two more combat missions, but the climax of this short combat career was yet to come. Task Force 58 reassembled for the run on the Japanese
Naval fortress at Truk, in the Carolines on 14 February. The two-day operation began at dawn on the 16th with a fighter sweep by 72 Hellcats. It was a new experience
for the F6F pilots,all fighters with no bombers to protect. There were 45 to 50 Japanese fighters in the air over Truk when the Hellcats arrived, and more took off as the
wild dogfight developed above. Alex Vraciu was there, in 40467,and again, the Squadron History reads:

“Three divisions of VF-6 took off at 0640 (LZT) to rendezvous with 12 VF from CV-9 and join the task force fighter sweep, totalling 72 fighter planes, which had as its
mission the destruction of enemy aircraft in the air over Truk Atoll and the fields over Moen, Eten, and Param Islands. The VF-6 flight circled the carrier at 1500 and
then moved over to the rendezvous point of the ESSEX flight. At 0725 the entire group of fighter planes was ordered by LCdr Kane, Flight Leader of the VF sweep, to
proceed to the target. Our flight approached Truk on a heading of 239′,at 1000′ until about 45 miles out and then began to gain altitude. At 6000′ the atoll could be
seen and a circle was made to gain further altitude. Twelve planes of VF-10 and the same number of VF-5,which had been assigned low cover, were observed below,
and twenty-four of FV-18,though not sighted, were above our flight. The planes, then at 13000′, arrived over the atoll just before sunrise and at about 0805 hours
began circling over Moen Island, preparatory to beginning strafing attacks on its VF airfield on the north side of the island. From this position the enemy planes could
be seen on the field and two Bettys were observed taking off. AA fire had already commenced and had found the level range of our flight although the bursts were of to
the sides. Ten of our fighters started to spiral down to strafe and the last two, Ltjg Vraciu and Ens. Little, his wingman, were about to push over when they saw at
about 2 to 3000′ above them and on the port side, a group of enemy planes. Vraciu tallyhoed, but the other planes in our flight had by that time proceeded far down
towards the airfield. The leader of the enemy planes, by then known to be Zekes, waggled his wings and the group headed towards Vraciu and Little who turned in to
the attack, getting bursts at the leader and causing him to break off his attack and head downward. From that time on there were enemy planes all around the two
F6F’s. The Hellcats pulled up in a steep chandelle, and aileron-rolled down on a Zeke which had tried to stay on their tail. The Zeke pulled up into a climbing turn and
spun out at the top, whereupon the Hellcats jumped him but had to let him dive on down because of other Zekes preparing to strike from above. Finally by scissoring
with another friendly plane the Hellcats were able to work all the Zekes down to their level and below. Until this time our fighters hadn’t had much opportunity to press
home the attack, but from then on the picture changed. In the words of Ltjg Vraciu,”We noticed that the Japanese pilots weren’t reluctant to attack, but once they were
cornered they’d dive steeply for the water or cloud cover. The Hellcat can definitely out-maneuver the Zero at speeds of 250 knots and better, so we began to follow
them down. I was able to follow three planes in this manner, two being Zeros and one a Rufe, and set them afire. All hit the water inside Truk Atoll. While climbing
back up for altitude after one of these attacks,I noted a Zero skirting a not-too-thick cloud so I made a pass at him. He promptly headed for a thicker one and after
playing cat-and-mouse with him for several minutes I climbed into the sun and let him think I had retired. When I came on down on him for the last time, from five
o’clock above, he never knew what hit him. I’m sure. His wing tank and cockpit exploded.”

40467’s second and final mission over Truk the same day, with Ens. Joseph F. Moynihan in the cockpit, produced no significant action. Although the Japanese had been
deprived of the major portion of their airpower during the daylong attack, they managed to launch six or seven Kates after dark for torpedo attacks on the Task Force.
Kept at a respectable distance by AA fire, the Kates were generally ineffectual. One, however, managed to elude both night-fighter interception and the AA fire and to
hit INTREPID portside with a torpedo at 2211 hours.

The interception of the Kate, by an F6F-3N from YORKTOWN, was by Lt. Russell R. Reiserer of VF(N)-76,and it was the first attempted night interception by a carrier
borne night fighter in the War.
Crippled, with a large gash in her hull, and the rudder jammed hard to port, INTREPID was forced to retire from the combat zone. Steering with the engines, and with a
makeshift sail rigged on the forecastle to counteract the tendency to weathercock, INTREPID’s course to Pearl Harbor was anything but straight. Nevertheless she made
port by 24 February.

Air Group 6 personnel were detached from INTREPID and boarded WHITE PLAINS (CVE-66) for the trip to Almeda and home. The airplanes were off-loaded and
transferred to other units in Hawaii. On 27 December, with a total 115.7 hours flight time and seven Japanese aircraft victories shown on the fuselage,40467 was
assigned to [a new] VF-18,then in training at Hilo. VF-18 had previously been scheduled to go aboard the INTREPID in May, but their training period was unavoidably
extended as INTREPID limped back to Hunter’s Point Naval Shipyard for repairs.

40467 remained with VF-18 at Hilo and Kaneohe at least until June and during that period accumulated another 200 hours flight time as VF-18 pilots flew tactical,
gunnery and bombing training missions. The logbook shows further entries of VF-18 pilots who later became aces: Cecil E. Harris – 24 victories; Charles M. Mallory and
Harvey P. Picken with 11 each; Robert E. Murray – 10.3; Franklin N. Burley and Frank E. Foltz with 7; Anthony J. Denman – 6; and Frank C.Hearell, Arthur R.
Mollenauer, and Rudolph D. Van Dyke, all with 5 victories. 40467 took to the air for the last time on June 2nd for carrier landing practice. The aircraft logbook does not
provide an explanation of why this F6F,with only 318 hours flight time should be retired. A brief entry on the “Record of Transfers” page shows receipt by NAS PEARL
HARBOR on June 14th and immediate shipment to Alameda, arriving 22 June.

As INTREPID limped into Pearl Harbor from Truk, Alex Vraciu had no thought of taking a recess nor of accompanying VF-6 to Alameda. Requesting an immediate
transfer to a combat operational squadron, he left VF-6 for assignment to VF-16. Dedicated to participating in the war to the best of his ability as a fighter pilot, Vraciu
had already expressed a vow to avenge the death of VF-6’s commander, Butch O’Hare. He now went aboard the venerable LEXINGTON, just arrived at Pearl Harbor
from Bremerton following repair of torpedo damage sustained off Kwajalein on 3 December,1943. With VF-16,Vraciu found the opportunities he was seeking. In the
second attack on Truk,29 April, he claimed two more victories. In the Marianas he shot down a Betty on 14 June, and during the great “Marianas Turkey Shoot” of June
19th he shot down six Judys. His 19th and final victory was attained on 20 June,1944. At this point, Vraciu had become the Navy’s leading ace, an achievement in
which 40467 had played a prominent role for seven of his victories.

Over a month later,40467 was one of 54 Hellcats ordered disassembled for shipment to the Naval Air Technical Training Command. The engine, wings, guns, camera,
tail surfaces, antenna mast and center section were removed and packed for shipment. Additional brief entries show receipt at NAS GLENVIEW on 15 August, and
subsequent transfer to NATTC, Chicago, on 29 August. Vraciu and 40467 were destined to meet once more. In July 1944,Air Group 16 was relieved by Air Group 19 and
headed home. Vraciu arrived at his home in East Chicago a few days following 40467 at the NATTC. A few weeks later, on a Sunday in early September, Wrigley Field
was the site of a large rally at which the Navy honored the radio and radar industries of Chicago with a certificate of achievement. Part of the program was indeed a
“publicity man’s dream”, the personal appearance of Vraciu, the Navy’s leading ace, and his airplane, Hellcat No.40467.

40467 was hurriedly removed from the packing crates and reassembled. The same markings were present as when off-loaded from the INTREPID at Pearl Harbor in
February. Vraciu’s name was still stencilled beneath the cockpit rim, and the nine Japanese flags, for his first nine victories, remained visible. An additional 10 flags
were applied for the appearance at the rally, and Vraciu’s Hellcat was placed on display at the entrance to Wrigley Field.

After the war the NATTC, Chicago, was closed by the Navy and the facilities and material, including 40467,were taken over by the Chicago Vocational School. More than
20 years later, having outlived its usefulness as an aircraft sheet metal repair and hydraulic system training aircraft,40467’s fuselage was acquired by AAHS Member
Earl Reinert and put on display with the Reinert collection in an open field adjacent to Paul Polidari’s airstrip, west of Mundelein, Illinois. The forlorn appearance offers
no hint of a proud past. The cockpit is bare, long since having been stripped of all instruments and fittings. The original skin panels in the cockpit area are gone,
replaced with various others, during many years of service as a cadaver for sheet metal repair. The engine cowling, empennage, canopy and outer wing panels were
disposed of long before Reinert acquired the fuselage. Restoration of this warbird would be a major undertaking, even if replacements for the missing components could
be found. Our determination of its production sequence as C/n 1733 indicates that even such information as cowling configuration would be important data. On the
other hand, even more disconcerting is the thought that such a historically relevant relic of World War II Naval Aviation may eventually meet an ignominious end on the
scrap heap.

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Indiana has begun preparations for its bicentennial birthday party next year—200 years of statehood. On the cusp of Indiana’s celebration it is an appropriate time to study and enjoy our Hoosier
heritage. Interesting people were born, raised or lived in Indiana in the last 100 years, people unknown to many of us, including previous subjects in this column: Paul McNutt, Frank Inn and
Margaret Ray Ringenberg. Alex Vraciu, the indestructible ace of World War II, an American aviation legend, belongs with those remarkable Hoosiers.

Alex Vraciu’s life spanned the last century. He was born in 1918 in East Chicago and died earlier this year at age 96. At the time of his death he was the ranking U.S. fighter ace.

Vraciu’s parents lacked the funds to send him to college, but Vraciu earned a scholarship and graduated from DePauw in the early 1940s. Already armed with a civilian pilot’s license, he enlisted
in the navy flight-training program just six months before the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. According to his son Robert, he could feel the wind of war and wanted to get out in front of it. He
earned his wings and entered combat in 1943 as part of the Fighting Squadron 6.

Vraciu flew Grumman F6F Hellcats in the Pacific Theater, aircraft requiring quick reaction and deft handling. No wonder most of the combat pilots were under 30. He was just 25 when he
reigned as the Navy’s top World War II fighter ace. In only eight months, he scored 19 Japanese aircraft and destroyed 21 more on the ground.

In what became known as the “Great Marianas Turkey Shoot,” Vraciu shot down six dive bombers within eight minutes. He referred to the accomplishment as “a once-in-a-lifetime fighter pilot’s
dream.” Vraciu achieved those six kills under adverse circumstances—including a malfunctioning engine that spewed oil on his windshield, and folding wings that were mistakenly unlocked,
preventing him from climbing above 20,000 feet.

Vraciu outfoxed death many times including twice parachuting to safety from damaged aircraft and twice more when he was forced to ditch his Grumman F6F Hellcat. These brushes with death
earned him the nickname “Grumman’s Best Customer.” One of his parachuted escapes came after he was shot down over the Philippines. He was rescued by local guerrillas and dodged Japanese
patrols for five weeks until he encountered advancing American forces.

Vraciu was twice nominated for the Congressional Medal of Honor. The nominations were supported by six admirals and captains in the field but were denied by a “desk admiral” in Honolulu
who said “Vraciu was just doing his job and was good at it.” That he was. He did receive many medals, including the service’s second-highest honor, the Navy Cross.

Returning to Indiana in August 1944, he was honored with a parade in East Chicago that included Gov. Henry F. Schricker. During the parade, he met Kathryn Horn as his car passed her house.
He kissed her. They were married within two weeks and remained married until her death 58 years later.

After the war, he commanded a jet fighter squadron (VF-51). The squadron won top honors at the 1957 Air-to-Air competition. Vraciu confirmed the respect the younger members of his
squadron had for him when “the old man” won high individual honors at the meet and was designated “top gun.”

Up until the last few years, he enjoyed regular visits to Indiana to see relatives and friends. On one of those occasions, he was honored by the survivors of the USS Indianapo lis.

The next year and a half will be exciting for Indiana as we prepare to celebrate our 200th year of statehood. We will have ample opportunities to recognize this birthday, including a
commemorative book and coin, torch parade, time capsule, bicentennial train, galas and legacy projects. We will also learn about Hoosiers of our second century— Hoosiers including Alex
Vraciu— whose exploits are a part of our proud Indiana heritage.•

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