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Importance of the city regionally Importance of the city nationally Importance of the city
internationally
How urban growth has created opportunities social How urban growth has created opportunities economic
opportunities (access to services – health and education; opportunities
access to resources – water supply, energy)
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An example of how urban planning is improving the quality of life for the urban poor.
What happened
-Favela residents given legal right to live on their land.
-Upgrading projects included improvements to the existing infrastructure up to a satisfactory standard. Typical upgrading
projects provided footpaths and pit latrines, street lighting, drainage and roads, and often water supply and limited sewerage.
-Usually, upgrading did not involve home construction, since residents are expected to be able to do that themselves. In this
way, in situ slum upgrading acknowledges people’s capacity to manage their own shelter/home and that, given some kind of
security of legal ownership of the land, households tend to invest their savings, however small, in housing development.
-The programme produced positive results in the 178 settlements where it was implemented: physical conditions were
improved and having favelas as the object of public investments gave dwellers a sense of secure ownership of the land and their
house.
-For example in the favela of Complexo de Alemao in the north of Rio improvements were made for the 26 000 inhabitants.
o Paved and formally named roads
o Access to water supply and drainage systems for improved sanitation
o Hillsides secured (reinforced) to prevent landslides
o Building of new health, leisure and educational facilities
o Installation of a cable car to the commercial centre of Ipanema and inhabitants given one free return ticket a
day (greatly reducing the time it takes to travel to the centre)
o 100% mortgages available for people to buy their home
o A Pacifying Police Unit (UPP) set up, with police patrolling the community to help reduce crime
Positives Criticisms
Considered a ‘best practice’ slum upgrading project. Quality of The budget not covering all favelas
life, mobility and employment prospects of the inhabitants of Newly built structures not being maintained
the favelas have been improved Residents lack the skills and resources to make repairs
Rents rise in the improved favelas and the poorest
inhabitants are even worse
Violence continues in favelas
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A case study of a major city in the UK
London
Location:
Impacts of national and international migration on the growth and character of the city
Employment-
Integrated transport-
Urban greening-
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An example of an urban regeneration project
Olympic Park, Stratford, East London
Why was it needed
Main features
Road management
Public transport
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