Unit 1 TRANSLATION

approach a way of doing something enfoque

when you think that something or someone is
approval good or right aprobación
believing that you are better than other
arrogant people arrogante
in any way or of any type (used to make
at all negatives and questions stronger) en absoluto

at last finally por fin

as much as, or more than, a number or
at least amount al menos

at once immediately de una vez

to have your attention taken away from quitársele las ganas
be put off something you are doing a alguien
to be confident that something is effective
believe in and right creer en

bold brave audaz

to have a party or a nice meal because it is a
celebrate special day or something good has happened celebrar

community the people living in a particular area comunidad

daylight the natural light from the sun during the day luz del día

demand a strong request or need for something exigir

to need the help and support of someone or
depend on something depender de
If you are doubtful about something, you are
doubtful uncertain about it. dubitativo, dudoso

eager wanting to do or have something very much ansioso

energetic having or needing a lot of energy energético

to think that someone should behave in a esperar (que alguien
expect (someone particular
to do something)
way or do a particular thing haga algo)
formal not casual, official oficial, formal
to succeed in avoiding punishment for
get away with something librarse de
If you are impatient you get angry with
people who make mistakes or you hate
impatient waiting for things. impaciente

irritated annoyed irritado

not happy because you want something that
jealous someone else has celoso
establecer una
make a comparison
to compare two or more things comparación

prompt a note which helps or assists in a task apunte

feeling happy because something bad did not
relieved happen aliviado

significant important importante

spot a place lugar

thrilling very exciting emocionante

a custom or way of behaving that has
tradition continued for a long time in a group of people tradición

weird very strange raro

Unit 2 Unit 2

accidental by chance fortuito

adventurous liking to try new or difficult things atrevido

aggressive angry and violent towards another person agresivo

attempt when you try to do something intento

aware knowing about something consciente

If an unpleasant situation is bearable, you can
bearable accept or deal with it. soportable
Clumsy people move in a way that is not
controlled or careful, and often knock or
clumsy damage things. torpe
when you are certain of your ability to do seguridad en uno
confidence things well mismo

considerable large or important enough to have an effect considerable

controversial causing a lot of disagreement or argument polémico

courageous brave valiente

decisive making decisions quickly and easily decisivo

If something is desirable, it is very good or
desirable attractive and most people would want it. deseable
when someone or something suddenly goes
disappearance somewhere and is impossible to see or find desaparición
a very bad situation, especially something
disaster that causes a lot of harm or damage desastre
atraer la atención
draw attention toto bring people’s notice to something hacia
someone who travels to places where no one
has ever been in order to find out what is
explorer there explorador

furious very angry furioso

to get into problems or difficulties, or to be meterse en
get into trouble punished for something problemas
to emphasize something or make people
highlight notice something poner de relieve
aguantar la
hold your breath to stop breathing respiración

industrial connected with industry industrial

injury damage to someone's body lesión

the ability to form valuable opinions and
judgement make good decisions juicio

logical using reason lógico

mysterious strange and not explained or understood misterioso

optimistic always thinking that good things will happen optimista

happening or behaving in a way that you
predictable expect and not unusual or interesting previsible

rapid happening or moving very quickly rápido

remarkable very unusual in a way that you admire notable

rural relating to the countryside and not to towns rural

relating to everyone in the world, or to
universal everyone in a particular group universal
something that tells or shows you that
warning something bad may happen advertencia

Unit 3 Unit 3
appeal to attract or interest someone atraer

be supposed to to have to, should (do something) tener que

cast all the actors in a film or play reparto

character a person in a book, film, etc personaje

If one thing contains another, it has it inside
contain it. contener
all the clothes that you wear at the same time,
costume usually special clothes vestuario
wanting so much to do something that you
determined keep trying very hard decidido

direction the control of a film, play, etc. dirección

to see or understand the differences between
distinguish two people, ideas, or things distinguir

emotion a strong feeling such as love or anger emoción

very good and better than most other people
exceptional or things excepcional
costarle a alguien
have trouble (doing
to experience
something)difficulties in doing something (hacer algo)

hero the main character in a book or film héroe

Someone or something that is impressive admirable,
impressive makes you admire and respect them. imponente

justice treatment of people that is fair justicia

lyrics the words of a song letra

outstanding excellent and much better than most sobresaliente

the qualities that make one person different
personality from another personalidad
desempeñar un
play a part to take a role in a film, play, etc. papel

plot the things that happen in a story argumento

someone who controls how a film, play,
producer programme, or musical recording is made productor
something you say, feel, or do because of
reaction something that has happened reacción
a piece of writing in a newspaper that gives an
review opinion about a new book, film, etc. reseña
a film which combines a comedy with a love
romantic comedystory comedia romántica

schedule a plan that tells you when things will happen programa
script the words in a film, play, etc. guión
the place where a film or play is performed or
recorded and the pictures, furniture, etc. that
set are used plató
a short piece in a film in which there is a
shot single action or a shortseries of actions toma
an unusual type of action in a film, or an
entertainment on stage, created by using
special effects special equipment efectos especiales

stand out to be very noticeable sobresalir, destacar

when someone does something dangerous
stunt that needs great skill, usually in a film escena peligrosa
a sign or object that is used to mean
symbol something símbolo

Unit 4 Unit 4
the sports which include running, jumping,
athletics and throwing atletismo
a diet that contains the right amounts of (una) dieta
(a) balanced diet different types of food equilibrada
to have a helpful or good effect on someone
benefit or something beneficiar

benefit a helpful or good effect beneficio

when something is easy to use and suitable
convenience for what you want to do conveniencia
the feeling of wanting to know or learn about
curiosity something curiosidad
when you make something look more
attractive by putting things on it, or
decoration something that you use to do this decoración
someone in a sports team who tries to
prevent the other team from scoring points,
defender goals, etc. defensor
when something is separated into parts or
division groups división
when everyone is equal and has the same
equality rights, etc. igualdad

generosity the quality of being generous generosidad

get involved in to take part in something participar en

when someone looks after themselves and
independence does not need help from other people independencia
suitable for when you are with friends or
informal family, but not for official occasions informal
to remain healthy and strong, usually as a mantenerse en
keep fit result of exercise forma

lap one journey around a race track vuelta

 sports that are traditional Japanese or
Chinese forms of fighting or defending
martial arts yourself, e.g. judo, karate artes marciales
someone who you compete against in a game
opponent or competition rival
when you are able to stay calm and not get
angry, especially when something takes a
patience long time paciencia
in sports, an advantage given to a team when
the other team has broken a rule, e.g. in
penalty football, a kick straight at the goal penalti
campo, terreno de
pitch an area of ground where a sport is played juego
A potential problem, employer, partner, etc.
may become one in the future, although they
potential are not one now. posible, en potencia
the process of making or growing goods to be
production sold producción
Someone is a professional if they get money
for a sport or activity which most people do as
professional a hobby. profesional
in the UK, sweet food that is usually eaten as
pudding the last part of a meal postre
to say, do, or feel something because of
react something else that has been said or done reaccionar
someone who makes sure that players follow
referee the rules during a sports game árbitro
having control and authority over something
or someone and the duty of taking care of it
responsible (for) or them responsable (de)
when two things or people are similar, or a
similarity way in which they are similar parecido
when you try to get the ball from someone in
tackle a game like football entrada, quite

track a path, often circular, used for races pista

someone whose job is to watch a sports game
umpire and make sure that the players obey the rules juez, árbitro

Unit 5 Unit 5

abolish to end a law or system abolir

adapt to change for a new situation adaptarse

appreciate to feel grateful for something agradecer

canteen a restaurant in an office, factory, or school cantina

capable able to do things well capaz

to become mixed or joined, or to mix or join
combine things together combinar

come across to find or meet by chance toparse con

 to start to suffer from an illness, especially
come down with one that is not serious caer enfermo
ocurrírsele algo a
come up with to suggest or think of an idea or plan alguien
willing to talk to people and give them
communicative information comunicativo

competitive wanting to win or be better than other people competitivo

the work of building houses, offices, bridges,
construction etc. construcción

demanding needing a lot of your time, attention, or effort exigente

enthusiastic keen, eager, showing enthusiasm entusiasta

buildings or equipment that are provided for
facilities a particular purpose instalaciones

give up to stop doing a particular activity or job dejar de

to stop liking or being interested in someone dejar de gustar, no
go off or something caer bien
to examine or look at something in a careful
go over or detailed way revisar
to experience a difficult or unpleasant
go through situation pasar
to think that someone is less important that mirar por encima del
look down on you hombro
a group of pupils at school who have a similar
set level in a particular subject grupo
a place that protects you from bad weather or
shelter danger cobijo
the clothes that pupils wear to play sports at
sports kit school uniforme deportivo
a school that is free to go to because the
state school government provides the money for it escuela estatal
(relating to school pupils of a similar level, dividir en grupos de
(be) streamed age and intelligence) to be grouped together aptitud
showing that you understand and care about
sympathetic someone's problems comprensivo
concienzudo,
thorough careful and covering every detail riguroso
someone who works without being paid,
volunteer especially work that involves helping people voluntario

Unit 6 Unit 6
a system that keeps the air cool in a building
air conditioning or car aire acondicionado
to be interested in protecting the
be green environment ser ecologista
bush a short, thick plant with a lot of branches arbusto

climate change the way the Earth’s weather is changing cambio climático
the air, water and land in or on which people,
environment animals and plants live medio ambiente
If a volcano erupts, it suddenly throws out
erupt fire and melted rocks. entrar en erupción
when the land becomes covered with water,
flooding especially in a way that causes problems inundación
a substance that is burned to give heat or
fuel power combustible

humid Humid air or weather is hot and slightly wet. húmedo

hurricane a violent storm with very strong winds huracán

pieces of paper and other waste that are left
litter in public places basura
When the weather in winter is mild, it is not
mild cold. templado
empaquetado
packaged (food) in boxes or containers to be sold (alimento)
an evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree
pine tree that grows in cooler areas of the world pino
damage caused to water, air, etc. by bad
pollution substances or waste contaminación
difficult situations that make you feel worried
pressure or unhappy presión

purchase to buy something adquirir

the amount of rain that falls in a particular
rainfall place at a particular time precipitaciones
prepared meals that are often already cooked,
ready meals and they just need to be heated up comidas preparadas
to use paper, glass, plastic, etc. again and not
recycle throwing it away reciclar
things that you throw away because you do
rubbish not want them basura

shortage when there is not enough of something escasez

to send a document, plan, etc. to someone so
submit that they can consider it enviar
when people or things are moved from one
transport place to another transporte
a mountain with a large hole at the top which
volcano sometimes explodes volcán

Unit 7 Unit 7
 to like or respect someone or something
admire because they are good or clever admirar

amused showing that you think something is funny gracioso

feeling bad because you have done something
ashamed wrong avergonzado

be keen on to be very interested in something gustar muchísimo

when you believe that something is true or
belief real creencia
no aguantar a
can’t bear to strongly dislike someone or something alguien o algo
Casual clothes are comfortable and not
casual formal. informal
to feel that you have been prevented from
(feel) cheated obtaining or achieving something (sentirse) engañado

concerned worried preocupado

Conventional objects or ways of doing things
are the usual ones which have been used for a
conventional long time. convencional
If an action is deliberate, you wanted or
deliberate planned to do it. intencionado
having lost your confidence in something or
discouraged your enthusiasm for it desanimado
to pull something or someone somewhere,
drag usually with difficulty arrastrar

elegant stylish and attractive elegante

when you expect something to happen (often
expectation something good) expectativa
what happens to a particular person or thing,
fate especially something negative destino
the right to live in the way you want without
freedom being controlled by anyone else libertad

gaze a long look at someone or something mirada

If you keep up with something or someone,
keep up with you stay at the same level as it or them. mantenerse al nivel
to move the top part of your body in a
lean (on) particular direction apoyarse en
(usually following On the one hand) used to
compare two different facts or opinions on a
on the other handsituation por otro lado

outrageous shocking or extreme escandaloso

passionate showing a strong feeling about a subject apasionado

If something is second-hand, someone else
second-hand had it or used it before you. de segunda mano

shocking very bad and making you feel upset espantoso

 to behave in a way that is intended to attract
show off attention presumir
not to give attention to someone or
to take no notice of
something no hacer caso de
sad or worried because something bad has
upset happened disgustado
having all the best or most typical qualities of
vintage something, especially from the past reliquia de época

whereas compared with the fact that en tanto que

Unit 8 Unit 8

absorb to understand and remember something asimilar

accessible easy to understand, find or reach accesible

the smallest unit that an element can be
atom divided into átomo
a computer file which is sent together with an
attachment email message documento adjunto
If a machine or device does something
automatically, it does it independently,
automatically without human control automáticamente
to make an extra copy of computer
back up information, e.g. your work copia de seguridad
an address on the internet that you record so
bookmark that you can quickly find something again marcador
the smallest living part of an animal or a
cell plant célula

claim to say that something is true alegar

concept an idea or principle concepto

conservation the protection of nature protección

crucial extremely important or necessary decisivo

a computer that is small enough to fit on a
desktop desk de sobremesa

extensive large in amount or size amplio

the part inside a computer that is not
removed and stores very large amounts of
hard drive information disco duro
to recognise a problem, need, fact, etc. and to
identify show that it exists identificar

(be/get) inspiredhaving ideas from someone or something inspirado

investigate to try to get all the facts about something investigar

 to connect a computer to a computer system
by typing your name, so thatyou can start
log in/on work iniciar sesión
to stop a computer being connected to a
computer system, usually when you want to
log off/out stop working cerrar sesión
a screen that shows information or pictures,
monitor usually connected to a computer monitor

necessity something that you need necesidad

to push the pedals of a bicycle round with
pedal your feet pedal
an amount of something, expressed as a
percentage number out of 100 porcentaje

play a trick (on) to deceive or cheat someone as a joke gastar una broma
to tell or show someone a piece of (secret)
reveal information revelar
too aware of what other people are thinking
self-conscious about you and your appearance acomplejado
when someone or something continues to
survival live, especially after a dangerous situation supervivencia
relating to the knowledge, machines, or
technical methods used in science and industry técnico

vast very big vasto

esencial,
vital necessary fundamental
COMMENTS