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Over -fishing
Over-fishing
Reef exploitation threatens
Gleaning Natural grazing threatens64%
64%
of
ofthe
thereefs,
reefs,
destructive
destructivefishing,
fishing,
56%,
56%,coastal
coastal
development,
development,25% 25%
Eutrophication
Natural calamities &&agriculture
agriculture&&
deforestation,
deforestation,20%
20%
‘Predator
‘Predatorplagues
plagueslike
likecrown -of-thorns starfish
crown-of-thorns starfish(COTS)
(COTS)maymaybebeinitiated
initiatedand
andcertainly
certainly
exacerbated by either over -fishing of key starfish predators;
exacerbated by either over-fishing of key starfishpredators and/or increases
predators; and/or increases in in
nutrient
nutrient runoff from the land favors the planktonic stagesofofthe
runoff from the land favors the planktonic stages thestarfish.’
starfish.’(Goldberg
(Goldberg
and Wilkinson, 2004)
and Wilkinson, 2004)
Threats to Coastal Ecosystems
Occurrence & severity of coral bleaching
(Source: www.reefbase.org)
Legend:
No bleaching
Severity unknown
Low bleaching
Medium
High
Coral Bleaching
AAgrowing
growingbody bodyof
of
evidence
evidencelinks
linkssevere
severecoral
coral
bleaching
bleachingand andmortality
mortalitytoto
increasing
increasingratesratesofofglobal
global
climate
climatechange
changeattributed
attributed
to
torising
risinglevels
levelsofof Global warming &
anthropogenic
anthropogenicgreenhouse
greenhouse Climate change
emissions
emissions(Goldberg
(Goldbergand and
Wilkinson,
Wilkinson,2004).
2004).
Climate change effects on seagrass
Se
l ir se Increased CO2
aw
ate
e
ev e ha r rw
l arin bit epro
e a m
ub ion
at
ex duct arm
S s pa ion
eros
photo- reduced ns ion
ing
w
ne t synthesis calcification
in
c
bit
a res reas
ha pir ed
ati
on
Forecasted effects
of climate change on seagrass
(Modified from Duarte 2002 by Fortes)
Coastal Ecosystems in East Asia &
the Pacific
World’s center of biodiversity
ination and
Sharing Remote Sensing
Geographic Information Systems
s
on of program
Integrated Simulation Modelling
programs
Extraction of
tion of
lations, coord
Field techniques
tion
nal
products
global/regio
Data collec
The Project
Implementa
ing
Multidisciplinary collaboration
implementati
itor
Integrated
Policy formu
mon
watershed-coastal ecosystem
approach Improved protection
Data Collection through monitoring
and
impact assessment
Coastal Ecosystem
Project Objectives
Produce an accurate set of multi-
date coastal resource information
particular to needs of managing
Provide an changes in the coastal zone and
understanding of the consistent to allow comparison
driving/forcing effects of Assess human
among systems in the region.
socio -economically - welfare impacts of
induced changes on changes in coastal
environmental loads to Achieve and apply resource systems in
the tropical coastal understanding of the terms of social costs
ecosystems causes and consequences and benefits
considering different
of present and future management
environmental change of strategies
tropical ecosystems in
Develop capacity building management decisions
Strengthen the network
through workshops on of, and reinforce
standardized methods of linkages among coastal
processing in -situ, remotely- scientists and managers
sensed data and environment- thru shared expertise
related socio-economic surveys and resources
Project Implementation
Capacity-building
(joint workshops; decision support tools suited for local management)
Further attenuation
due to scattering and
Irradiance
Mangroves absorption in water Radiance
Seagrasses
Coral reef