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When a large space within a building needs to be covered buildings, large banquet halls, convention center and
without hindrance and supports, architects often deploy car parks.
waffle slabs to construct floors and ceilings. Structural
designers analyse such slabs, assuming the grid- Waffle slabs not only look aesthetically pleasing, but are
also quite robust as a structural configuration to support
work as simply supported system (all four edges) and
loads over a large span. However, their analysis is
deriving solutions based on displacement compatibility either marred by over simplification or overwhelmingly
of beams or plates to arrive at an approximate solution elaborate for the comfort of a typical designer. The
or performing a detailed finite element analysis (FEM) latter involves analysing the beam slab system using
of the slab beam system using any of the generalized finite element analysis where accuracy depends on the
finite element software available in the market. This is correctness of the element type and the degree of mesh
so because no analytical solution or quick computational refinement.
tool exists, except for the case of slabs with all edges
simply supported. This paper proposes a semi analytical Analysis in vogue
method for the analysis of waffle slab with any arbitrary Before delving into the proposed method, it would
boundary conditions; fixed, free and simply supported. be educative to briefly review the methods those are
To validate the results, selected cases are compared with practiced for analysis of such waffle slab in many design
finite element analysis. offices. This is necessary to get a better understanding
of the problem.
Keywords: Anisotropic plates, Bending moment, Deflection,
Galerkin’s weighted residual method, Plate equations, Shape Method as proposed in IS code
functions, Shear force, Waffle slab. IS 456:2000 – “Plain and Reinforced concrete code of
practice”, recommends designing ribbed slabs as an
Whenever architects want a large area to remain open or equivalent solid slabs where moments in the slab may be
unhindered of supports, they often deploy waffle slabs obtained from coefficients given in Table 26 of the code.1
as an effective solution to construct floors and ceilings. It These coefficients are valid only for the rib spacing and
is a very popular structural configuration often deployed width as cited in Clause 30.1 to 30.7 of the code. For other
in the construction of hotel porticos, airport terminal spacing and widths, slabs may be designed as simply
......(2)
......(9)
......(11)
......(12)
Proceeding in an identical fashion it can be shown that In natural coordinate, using equations (13) and (14),
in y- direction, generic shape function for displacement Equation (17) can be expressed as
in natural co-ordinate can be expressed as
......(18)
......(14)
......(15)
......(17)
......(27)
......(28)
Equation (23) can be expressed in a simplified form as
......(24) ......(29)
.....(25)
......(26)