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Introduction:
In this paper Macrophages and killer Tcells will be discussed, to show
their roles in the innate immunity.
The immune system consists of innate and adaptive immunity. The
innate immune system is the unlearned birth obtained physiological
protection against exposure of invading pathogenic molecules,
providing an immediate response capable of destroying invading cells.
However unlike adaptive immunity, where specific memory recognition
occurs, the innate immune response treats all foreign substances in
the same manner, with very limited number of antigens that can be
recognized on foreign cells. Although the presence of antigens are
greatly dispersed throughout cells, innate immunity lacks memory and
does not provide a source of lasting protection against future infection
by the same pathogen. (P.Delves 2008)
Natural Killer cells are part of the innate immune system playing a key
role in recognising and combating tumour, stressed cells and virally
infected cells.
They are large granular lymphocytes capable of killing their target cells
by causing them to go under apoptosis by releasing proteins from their
cytoplasm such as perforin and proteases. These proteins are called
granzymes. Recognition of Pathogenic molecule occurs by stimulation
of lectin-like receptors on the NK cell surface which bring Nk cells to
target opposition. (I.Roitt 1997).
Regulation of natural killer cells is very crucial to prevent it from
damaging the host cells rather than just the pathogenic cells. There
are different ways of activating NK cells by recognition of its target
cells; cytokine, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, active and
inhibitory receptors. (I.Roitt 1997).
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Jonathan Burbano 16531026
Macrophages:
Macrophages are part of the Innate Immune System as they recognise
the pathogen, which leads to phagocytosis of the pathogen and the
secretion of it. A Macrophage is a phagocyte capable of phagocytosing
harmful particles which are seen as foreign, promoting an immune
response. Phagocytes are divided into two classes, professional and
non professional. Non-professional phagocytes lack phagocytic
receptors, where as professional phagocytes have phagocytic
receptors which are capable of detection of harmful objects (Roitt
1997).
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Jonathan Burbano 16531026
REFERENCE:
Collin Stack (2010). The Immune system, Innate immunity. Sydney: Uws Lecture
notes. p1-12.
Hart ML, Mosier DA, Chapes SK.. (2003). Toll-like receptor 4-positive macrophages
protect mice from Pasteurella pneumotropica-induced pneumonia. Infect immun. 1
(-), 663-70.