Project : CIA Building 2

Location: Mactan, Lapu-lapu City, Cebu

Owner: Cebu International Academy, Inc.

TECHNICAL STRUCTURAL SPECIFICATIONS

1.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENT

1.1 Scope of Work

This section shall include the mobilization and demobilization of Contractor's plant,
equipment, materials and employee to the site; construction of Contractor's office
and facilities; compliance with the contract requirements; providing and maintaining
the facilities for the Consultant.

This section shall include the furnishing of labor, materials, transportation, tools,
supplies, plant, equipment and appurtenances to complete satisfactorily the
construction of the proposed subproject.

1.2 Mobilization and Demobilization

The Contractor upon receipt of the notice to proceed shall immediately mobilize and
transport his plant, equipment, materials and employees to the site and demobilize
or remove the same at the completion of subproject.

1.3 Contractors Field Office and Facilities

1.3.1 Field Office

During the performance of the contract, the Contractor shall construct and maintain
a field office and facilities at the site of the work at which he or his authorized agent
shall be holding office at all times, while the work is in progress. The location,
dimensions and layout of such field office shall be subject to the approval of the
Consultant and local authorities having jurisdiction thereof. Construction shanties,
sheds and temporary facilities provided as required for the Contractor's convenience
shall be maintained in good condition and neat appearance including finishes as
required by the Consultant.

1.3.2 Temporary Light and Power

The Contractor shall provide and maintain temporary electrical service including
installation of temporary power and lighting within the construction site. The
electrical services shall be adequate in capacity to supply power to construction
tools and equipment without over-loading the temporary facilities and shall be made
available to supply power, lighting and construction operations of all trades. All
temporary equipment and wiring for power and lighting shall be in accordance with
the applicable provisions of the local governing codes. At the completion of the
construction work all temporary wiring, lighting, equipment and devices shall be
removed.

1.3.3 Temporary Toilet

The Contractor shall provide and maintain in sanitary condition enclosed toilet for
the use of all construction personnel located within the contract limits, complete
with fixtures, water and sewer connections and all appurtenances. Installation shall
be in accordance with all applicable codes and regulations of the local authorities
having jurisdiction thereof. Upon completion of the work, temporary toilet and their
appurtenances shall be removed.

1.3.4 Temporary Water Service

The Contractor shall provide and maintain temporary water supply service,
complete with necessary connections and appurtenances. Installed water supply
lines shall be used as a source of water for construction purposes subject to the
approval of the Consultant. The Contractor shall pay the cost of operation,
maintenance and restoration of the water system. All temporary water service
including equipment and piping shall be removed upon completion of the work and
all worn out and damaged parts of the permanent system shall be replaced and
restored in first class condition equal to new.

1.3.5 Security

The Contractor shall provide sufficient security in the construction site to prevent
illegal entry or work damaged during nights; holidays and other period when work
is not executed; and during working hours. The Contractor shall take ample
precautions against fire by keeping away flammable materials, and ensure that such
materials are properly handled and stored. Fires shall not be built within the area of
construction, except when permitted by the Consultant.

1.4 Facilities for the Consultant

The Contractor shall provide and maintain a field office and temporary utilities for
the Consultant to include but not limited to the following items:

1.4.1 Field Office

The field office shall be 4.0 meters wide by 5 meters long, located at a site
designated by the Consultant. The field office shall be of wooden construction with
19mm thick plywood flooring and 12mm thick plywood sidings and partitions.
Roofing shall be gauge 26 corrugated G.I. sheets. It shall be furnished with at least
three (3) office tables one (1) drafting table, nine (9) chairs, one (1) blackboard,
filing cabinet, shelves for plans and office supplies. The field office shall be
elevated to avoid flooding during wet season. The field office shall be used by the
Consultant for the duration of construction.

1.4.2 Site Utilities

Site utilities including potable water supply, light and power, drainage, temporary
toilet, temporary fence, barricades and refuse collection.

1.5 Compliance with Contract Requirements

1.5.1 Control of on Site Construction

Prior to the start of any definable feature of the work, the Contractor must perform
the necessary inspection to include as follows:

(1) Review of Contract Documents to make sure that materials,

equipment and products have been tested, submitted and approved.

(2) Physical examination of materials and equipment to assure its

conformity to the specifications, plans, shop drawings and other
data.

(3) As soon as the work has been started the Contractor shall conduct
initial inspection to check and review the workmanship in
compliance with the contract requirements for a particular item of
work.

(4) The Contractor shall perform these inspections on a regular basis to

assure continuing compliance with the contract requirements until
completion of a particular type of work.

1.5.2 Pre-construction Meetings

Prior to the start of construction, Contractor's material men or vendors whose

presence are required, must attend pre-construction meetings as directed for the
purpose of discussing the execution of work.

1.5.3 Progress Meetings

Progress meetings shall be called upon by the following for the purpose of
discussing the implementation of the work:

(1) When called upon by the Consultant or Owner or his representative for the
purpose of discussing the execution of work. Contractor's material men or
vendors whose presence is necessary or requested must attend progress
meetings. Each of such meeting shall be held at the time and place
designated by the Consultant or his representative. Decisions and
instructions agreed on these meetings shall be binding and conclusive on
the contract. Minutes of this meeting shall be recorded and reasonable
number of copies shall be furnished to the Contractor for distribution to
various materials men and vendors involved.

(2) The Contractor may also call for a progress meeting for the purpose of
coordinating, expediting and scheduling the work. In such meeting
 Contractor's material men or vendors, whose presence is necessary or
requested are required to attend.

1.5.4 Progress Reports

The Contractor shall prepare and submit progress reports to the Consultant every 30
days after the start of the project up to its completion, showing the work completed,
work remaining to be done, the status of construction equipment and materials at the
site, as stipulated in GC 58 of the General Conditions of Contract.

1.5.5 Survey Data

The Contractor shall layout his work from established based lines and bench mark
indicated in the drawing and shall be responsible for all measurement in connection
therewith. The Contractor shall furnish, at his own expense, all stakes, templates,
platforms, equipment, tools, materials and labor as may be required in laying out
any part of the work, out of established base lines and bench mark. It shall be the
responsibility of the Contractor to maintain and preserve all stakes and other marks
until he is authorized to remove them. If such marks are destroyed by the Contractor
through his negligence prior to the authorized removal, they shall be replaced at the
expense of the Contractor.

1.5.6 Shop Drawings

The Contractor shall submit and furnish shop drawings and samples accompanied
with transmittal forms in accordance with the provision of the Conditions of
Contract. The term "Shop Drawings" as used herein shall be understood to include
detailed design calculations, construction drawings, lists, graphs, and others.

(1) Transmittal forms shall be filled out in typewritten or ink with no

alterations or interlineations unless initialed and dated before submittal.
Shop drawings shall be submitted as the same size as the contract drawings
when practicable, but in no case it shall exceed dimension of the contract
drawings. The Contractor shall make preliminary check of all shop
drawings for compliance with the contract documents and he shall stamp
each print with statement of compliance with the requirements. The
contractor may authorize his supplier to deal directly with the Consultant
with regard to shop drawings, however ultimate responsibility for accuracy
and completeness in the submittal shall remain with the Contractor.

(2) The said shop drawing and transmittal shall be submitted at a time
sufficiently early, to allow review of the same by the Consultant and to
accommodate the rate of construction progress required under the contract.
The contractor shall submit print copies of shop drawings with transmittal
forms, and copies of brochures with transmittal forms, as required by the
Consultant.

(3) Any shop drawings and samples, submitted not accompanied by

transmittal forms or where all applicable items on the forms are not
completed will be returned for resubmittal. The Consultant who will check
and evaluate mentioned shop drawings will retain print copy for his file
 and return the rest to the Contractor with notation. Returned shop drawings
marked "No Exceptions Taken" or "Make Corrections Noted", means
formal revision of said drawings will not be required. If it is marked
"Amend-Resubmit" or "Rejected-Resubmit", the Contractor shall revise
said drawing and shall submit revised drawing to the Consultant.

(4) The Consultant shall process the submission and indicate the appropriate
action on the shop drawings and transmittal forms. Construction of an item
shall not be commenced before the Consultant has reviewed the pertinent
shop drawing and returned it to the Contractor, marked as mentioned
above. Revisions indicated on shop drawing shall be considered as changes
necessary to meet the requirements of the contract drawings and
specifications, and shall not be taken as the bases of claims for extra work.
The Contractor shall have no claim for damages or extension of time due to
any delay, resulting from having Contractors make the required revisions,
unless review by the Consultant was delayed beyond reasonable period of
time and unless the Contractor can establish that such delay in revision
resulted in delay of the project.

(5) Resubmittal procedure shall follow the same procedure as the initial
submittal.

1.5.7 Construction Photographs

The Contractor shall take photographs during the progress of the work once a
month, all taken where directed by the Consultant. At the completion of the project
final photographs shall be taken by the Contractor as directed by the Consultant.
Two prints of each photographs shall be sent to the LGU and one print to the
Consultant. The photographs shall be neatly labeled, dated, and identified in a little
box in the lower right hand corner, showing the date of exposure, project name,
location and direction of view.

All negatives shall be retained by the Contractor until completion of the work at
which time they shall become the property of the LGU.

1.5.8 Cleaning-up

The Contractor shall at all times keep the construction area including storage area
used by him free from accumulations of waste material or rubbish. Upon
completion of construction, the Contractor shall leave the work and premises in a
clean, neat and workmanlike condition satisfactory to the LGU.

1.5.9 Documents to be Submitted

The following documents shall be submitted by the Contractor to the Consultant and
Owner prior to final payment and before issuance of final certificate of payment in
accordance with the provisions of the conditions of contract.
(1) The guarantee required by the Conditions of Contract and any other
extended guarantees stated in the technical sections of the specifications.

(2) A set of As-Built drawings shall be submitted showing accurate record of

changes or deviations from the contract documents and the shop drawings
indicating the work as actually installed. Records shall be arranged in order,
in accordance with the various sections of the specifications and properly
indexed with certifications of endorsement thereof, that each of the revised
print of the drawings and specifications are complete and accurate. Prior to
the application for final payment, and as a condition to its approval by the
Consultant, the Contractor shall deliver the records, drawings, and
specifications arranged in proper order, indexed and endorsed as herein
specified.
 SITE WORK

SW 01 SCOPE OF WORK

A. The work consists of furnishing all labor and supervision, equipment and
tools and performing all operations in connection with the demolition,
excavation and removal from site of all surplus excavated and dismantled
materials and debris, in accordance with the requirements of the drawings
and subject to the terms and conditions of the Contract.

B. Specifically and without prejudice to the tenor or generality of the

foregoing, the work consists of the following:

1. Excavations shall be done to the depths indicated in the plans referred

to the existing ground line. Depths indicated are the minimum
requirement and additional depth of excavation shall not be done
without the approval of the Soils Engineer. Structural excavations shall
be such as to allow for the proper erection and dismantling of forms
and for access to inspection. The Contractor shall control the grading
such that surface water does not run into the excavations. Water that
accumulates inside excavations shall be removed by pumping or other
efficient methods. Adequate protection for adjacent pavements,
structure and utilities shall be provided by the Contractor.

2. Excess materials including existing concrete foundations shall be

Removed and disposed of by the Contractor to a site at the discretion
or as designated by the owner.

3. The Contractor shall take all precautionary measures to protect third

parties and shall provide the necessary temporary wall or enclosure to
seal off the affected areas as demolition progresses.

SW 02 PUMPING

A. Ample provisions shall be undertaken for the immediate removal of water

accumulating from any source in excavations by installing adequate
pumping facilities.

B. The pumps shall have the sufficient capacities to dispose of the water in
order to avoid delays in construction operations. Adequate catch basins shall
be maintained to prevent the sand from mixing with the water being
discharged into sewer lines.

SW 03 GENERAL EXCAVATION

A. Excavated materials shall include clay, silt, sand gravel, hardpan, sandstone,
Siltstone, rock, adobe, loose shale, loose stone in masses and any other soil
materials of any class found within the excavations.

B. Excavation operations shall be done in the dry, carried out by any

Appropriate method and by any excavating equipment suitable for the job.
SW 04 SPECIAL WORKS

A. Existing drainage systems, water and sewer lines and other existing
Utilities shall be adequately protected by the Contractor. In case of damage
to same, repair shall be done by the Contractor and expenses reimbursed by
the Owner.

B. Adequate warning signs, lights, barricades and other measures shall be put
up by Contractor for the safety of pedestrians and motorists.

SW 05 STAKEOUT AND GRADING

A. Contractor shall stake out the structure accurately and shall establish lines
and grades. The owner shall approve the layout before any excavation work
is started.

B. Permanent basic reference marks for batter boards shall be erected as such
places as to make them visible and accessible and undisturbed during the
duration of the construction.

C. Construction operations shall be conducted as to preserve all basic reference

marks. Re-establishment of lines and grades shall be undertaken in the
event that original reference marks are disturbed or removed.

D. A minimum of two (2) permanent bench marks of previously known

Elevations near or within the construction compound but least affected by
construction operations shall be established in order to determine any
settlement that may occur to existing structures or to the proposed structure,
during the progress of the construction.

SW 06 EXCAVATION

A. Contractor shall make all necessary excavations for foundation to elevations

indicated in the drawings. Bottom of excavations shall be level and neatly
prepared ready to receive the foundations. In case of over excavation, the
Contractor shall bear the cost of extra concrete thereby made necessary .
Footings that are excavated to a greater extent than what is indicated in the
foundation plans shall be filled up to the correct elevation with lean
concrete sufficient to sustain the allowable soil bearing pressure.

B. Where, in the opinion of the Structural Engineer, the soil bearing pressure at
the level indicated in the plans, is not attained, the Contractor shall extend
the excavation until the soil bearing pressure is satisfied. Such extra
excavation and any additional materials, equipment and labor caused by the
over excavation shall constitute additional work for the contractor. Any
adjustment thereby shall be based on unit prices for additive work as per
Contract Documents.

C. Under any circumstances no footings shall rest on fill. Bottoms of

Excavations shall be approximately level, clear of loose and deleterious
materials.

D. Where in the opinion of the Structural Engineer, the soil at the designated
depth is not capable of sustaining the maximum soil bearing pressure used
in the design of the foundations, the structural Engineer shall be notified
and he shall revise foundation details as required. All extra work incurred
 by such changes shall be for the account of the Owner on the basis of the
unit prices agreed upon.

E. Where walls of footings are to be poured without forms, trench sides shall
be vertical and true.

F. Tree sumps, roots and weathered rock at the footing levels shall be removed
and the cavities cleaned and filled with lean concrete.

G. Adequate shoring shall be undertaken to protect adjacent pavements,

structures and other existing facilities.

H. All excavations shall be inspected and approved before pouring of concrete

or placing backfill materials. The contractor shall control the grading in the
vicinity to prevent surface runoff going into the excavations. Otherwise de
watering facilities shall be made available at all times.

SW 07 BACKFILLING AND GRADING

A. MATERIALS

1. Common fill shall be approved materials free from roots and stumps.
Earth-fill shall be used if site excavated material are rejected or
insufficient.

2. Selected fill shall be placed where specified and indicated on the plans
and shall consist of gravel, crushed gravel, crushed rock or a
combination thereof, with maximum size not to exceed 150
millimeters. The materials shall be free from organic matter or other
undesirable substances and shall be thoroughly compacted after
placing.

B. PLACING FILL

A. Before placing any fill, the depositing surface shall be cleared of all
bushes, roots, vegetable matters and debris, scarified and thoroughly
wetted to ensure good bond between the earth and the fill materials.

B. After removal of forms for footings or pedestals and when the

Concrete work is hard enough to sustain pressure resulting from fill or
at least 48 hours after the removal of forms, the materials from
excavation shall be used for back-filling around them.

C. Filling shall be placed in layers not exceeding 150 millimeters in

thickness, each layer to be thoroughly compacted and rammed by
wetting, tamping or rolling to 95% of normal density by Proctor
Compaction until the correct grade is attained. Voids caused by
removal of sheeting, shoring and bracing shall be filled with sound
materials.
 FORMWORK
FW 01 SCOPE

A. The work shall include all labor and supervision, equipment, tools,
Materials and supplies, and other facilities and the satisfactory
performance of all work necessary to complete all concrete works as
shown on the drawings.

B. Work shall be done in accordance with ACI Standard,

SPECIFICATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE FOR
BUILDINGS, unless otherwise modified herein.

C. Provide forms that will produce correctly sized and aligned

concrete.

D. Form supports and scaffolds shall be done rigid and extra care must
be exercised in considering weights and side pressure of the green
concrete.

FW 02 MATERIALS

A. FORMS

1. plywood, metal or surfaced lumber forms shall be used for all

concrete work.

2. Forms at least 12 mm thick plywood shall be used.

3. Provide forms that will produce correctly aligned concrete.

B. FORM OIL

An approved colorless mineral oil conforming to ASTM D 1500,

free of kerosene and with a viscosity of not less than 2500 seconds
at 100 degrees F shall be used for form oil.

FW 03 PREPARATION

A. All formworks shall be checked for plumbness and correct

alignment.

FW 04 REMOVAL OF FORMS AND SHORING

A. Forms and shoring shall not be removed until concrete is adequately

set and strong enough to withstand anticipated loadings and in no
case less than what is required below.

Structural Component Time Required

Foundation Footings 120 hours

Tie Beams 120 hours
3. Forms and shoring may be removed earlier than specified above
provided that test samples of concrete are taken and shown to be
adequately strong to carry safely, dead and construction loads to the
satisfaction of the Structural Engineer.
 REINFORCED CONCRETE WORK

RC 01 SCOPE

A. The work to be done under these specifications shall include

all labor and supervision, materials and supplies, except those
materials furnished by Owner, equipment and tool, plant and
other facilities and the satisfactory performance of all work
necessary to complete all concrete works shown on the
drawings and specified herein.

B. The intent of this specifications is to cover the complete

concrete work including work called for in these specifications
but not shown on the drawings, or vice versa, shall be
considered as if it were shown on the drawings and
specifications. Any material which has been omitted from both
drawings and specifications, but is evidently necessary for a
complete building, shall be furnished as if it were on the
drawings and called for in these specifications.

C. Unless otherwise noted on drawings or specified herein, all

concrete work shall be done in accordance with the ACI
Standard 301-89 SPECIFICATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL
CONCRETE FOR BUILDINGS, so long as they do not
conflict or are not inconsistent with specific provisions herein.

RC 02 MATERIALS

A. CEMENT

Portland Cement shall conform to ASTM C250 latest Revision

for Type 1 Portland “SPECIFICATIONS FOR PORTLAND
CEMENT”.

B. CONCRETE AGGREGATES

1. Coarse aggregate

Coarse aggregates shall be well graded, clean, hard particles of

gravel or crushed rock conforming to ASTM C33 Latest
Revision “SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONCRETE
AGGREGATES”. The minimum size of gravel shall not be
larger than one-fifth (1/5) of the narrowest dimensions
between forms and not larger than three-fourth (3/4) of the
minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars or
bundles of bars, and in no case larger than 50 mm in diameter
except that larger diameter may be allowed in massive
concreting with written permission from the Structural
Engineer.
 2. Fine Aggregates (Sand)

Fine aggregate shall be well graded sand free from organic

substances, hard particles conforming to ASTM C33 Latest
Revision “ SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONCRETE
AGGREGATES”.

3. Water

Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free from

injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkali, organic materials or
other substances that may be deleterious to concrete or steel.

C. REINFORCING STEEL

1. All reinforcing steel bars used shall be new and free from rust,
oil, defect, greases, kinks and other physical defects. They
shall conform to the latest revision of ASTM A 615
“SPECIFICATIONS FOR DEFORMED AND PLAIN
BILLET-STEEL BARS FOR CONCRETE
REINFORCEMENT”.

2. All rebars shall be deformed bars except size 6 mm which may

be plain bars. Deformations shall conform to ASTM A305.

RC 03 STORAGE OF MATERIALS

A. Cement and aggregates shall be stored in such a manner as to

prevent deterioration or intrusion by foreign matter. Any
material which has deteriorated or which has been damaged
shall not be used for concrete. Rebars shall be stored under
cover or otherwise prevented from rusting.

RC 04 TESTING OF MATERIALS

A. The Owner or his duly authorized representative or the

Structural Engineer shall have the right to order the test or
retest of any material supplied by the Contractor or Owner
used for reinforced concrete whenever there is reasonable
doubt as to its suitability for the purpose. Such tests shall be
in accordance with ASTM standards as noted elsewhere in
these specifications.

B. Samples shall be provided by the Contractor without cost to

the Owner. Expenses for testing shall be for the account of
the Owner, but transportation to and from the testing
laboratory shall be for the account of the Contractor.

C. Copies of results of tests shall be furnished the Structural

Engineer promptly.
RC 05 CONTROLLED STRENGTHS OF CONCRETE

The 28-days compressive cylinder strength of concrete shall

be as called out in the structural drawings.

RC 06 METHOD OF DETERMINING STRENGTH

A. JOB MIXED CONCRETE

1. For job mixed concrete the Contractor shall submit

design mixes obtained from samples made in accordance
with “STANDARD METHOD OF MAKING AND
CURING CONCRETE COMPRESSION AND
FLEXURE TEST SPECIMENS IN THE
LABORATORY” (ASTM C 192 Latest Revision), for
each strength required stating the proposed slump and
the proportional weights of cement, saturated surface dry
aggregates and water.

2. These mixes shall be proved by preliminary tests thirty

days before concreting and shall show the ultimate
strength required. No substitutions shall be made in the
materials or mix without additional tests to show that the
quality of concrete is satisfactory.

B. READY MIX CONCRETE

Ready mix concrete shall be supplied by a reputable ready

mix contractor or firm with good track record on timely
delivery, correct volume and concrete quality.

RC 07 CONCRETE PROPORTION AND CONSISTENCY

A. The proportions of aggregate to cement for any concrete mix

shall be such as to produce a mixture which will work readily
into the corners and angles of the forms and around
reinforcement with the method of placing employed on the
work, but without permitting the materials to segregate, or
excess free water to collect on the surface. The combined
aggregates shall be of such composition of sizes that when
separated on the no. 4 standard seive, the weight passing the
seive (fine aggregate) shall not be less than thirty percent nor
greater than fifty percent of the total.

B. The method of measuring concrete materials shall be such

that the proportions can be accurately controlled and easily
checked at any time during work. Measurement of materials
for ready mix concrete shall conform to the “ STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS FOR READY-MIXED CONCRETE”
(ASTM C94 Latest revision) where applicable.
RC 08 MIXING CONCRETE

A. No hand mixing shall be allowed except in case of emergency

such as mixer breakdown during critical concreting operations
and shall stop at the first allowed construction joint. All concrete
shall be machine mixed for at least 1-1/2 minutes after all
materials including water, are in the mixing drum.

B. The mixer shall be of any approved size and type which will
insure a uniform distribution of material throughout the mass. It
shall be equipped with a device for accurately measuring and
controlling the amount of mixing water in each batch.

C. The first batch of concrete materials placed in the mixer shall

contain a sufficient excess of cement, sand and water to coat the
inside of the drum without reducing the cement content of the
mix to be discharged.

D. Retempered nor over mixed concrete shall not be permitted.

E. Strength of concrete 4000 psi, (28 days) shall be used for all
footings, piers, reinforced concrete, slabs, wall footings, and vault
floors, walls and roof slabs. Strength of concrete 2500 psi, (28
days) shall be used for all concrete slabs on fill.

F. (1:4) mixture shall be used for hollow concrete blocks fillers.

(1:2) mixture shall be used for plastering.

RC 09 DEPOSITING CONCRETE

A. Concrete shall be deposited in its final position without

segregation, re-handling, or flowing. Placing shall be done
preferably with buggies, buckets, or wheelbarrows. No chutes
will be allowed except to concrete from hopper to buggies,
wheelbarrows or buckets in which case they shall not exceed 6
meters in aggregate length

B. Placing of concrete with a free drop or fall of more than 1.5

meters shall not be allowed, except when approved sheet metal
conduits, pipes, or “elephant trunks” are employed. Where
employed, these devices shall be kept buried in the newly placed
concrete as pouring progresses.

C. No concreting will be allowed without vibrators. Segregation

due to over-vibration shall be avoided. The vibrator shall be
used only to compact the concrete in the forms. When possible
concreting shall be continuous until section is complete. Forms
shall be clean before concreting is placed. When stoppage of
concreting operations occur for any reason, construction joints
 shall be placed either horizontally or vertically as indicated by
the Engineer and provided with shear keys and dowels to
develop shear and bond. Before concreting is resumed fresh
concrete is to be deposited and shall be cleaned of all laitance
and the aggregates exposed. Such surface shall further be
thoroughly wet and grouted before placing new concrete.

D. Construction joints shall be approved or as directed by the

Structural Engineer.

E. Concrete on fill shall be laid on a foundation prepared as follows:

Earth or sand fill shall be placed to the required elevation in

layers not exceeding 6” in thickness, each layers being
thoroughly wetted and the use of compactor for compaction. On
top of this fill a 2” gravel base shall be placed, rolled or tamped
and wetted before concrete is poured. Six-inch concrete hollow
blocks shall be used for exterior/interior walls and low partition
as specified. All concrete hollow blocks shall be reinforced with
10mm bars spaced at 24” on center both ways.

RC 10 FORMS

A. The Contractor shall provide forms that will produce correctly

aligned concrete.

B. Forms and shoring shall stay in place until the concrete is

adequately set and strong enough to withstand anticipated
loadings, and in no case less than two (2) days after pouring.
Forms and shorings may be removed earlier than specified by
standard specifications provided that test samples of concrete are
taken and are shown to be adequately strong to carry safely dead
and construction live loads.

RC 11 TOLERANCES FOR FORMED SURFACES

The following are the allowable deviations of form works

from theoretical dimensions:

1. Variation in cross-sectional dimensions of pedestals and tie

beams and in thickness of slabs:

6 mm Minus
12 mm Plus

2. Footings*

A. Variation in dimensions in plans:

12 mm Minus
 50 mm plus

B. Misplacement or eccentricity:

2 % of the footing width in direction of misplacement

but not more than 50 mm

C. Thickness

Decrease in specified thickness 5%

Increase in specified thickness No limit

Tolerances apply to concrete dimensions only,

not to the positioning of reinforcing bars, dowels
or embedded items.

Regardless of the tolerances listed in above no portion of

the building shall extend beyond the legal boundary of the
project.

RC 12 REINFORCEMENT BARS

A. All rebars shall be placed in accordance with the structural

plans. In case of any doubt or ambiguity in the placing of
steel, the Contractor shall consult with the Structural Engineer
whose decision shall be final in such cases.

B. All loose rust or scale, all adhering materials, and all oil or
other materials which tend to destroy bond between the
concrete and the rebar shall be removed before placing the
steel and before concreting begins.

C. Rebars shall be accurately placed and adequately secured by

concrete or metal chair spacers. The minimum clear distance
between parallel bars shall be one and one-half (1-1/2) times
the diameter for round bars, and twice the side dimensions for
square bars. In no case shall the clear distance between bars be
less than 25 mm nor less than one and one-third (1-1/3) times
the maximum size of the gravel. Where bars are used in two or
more layers, the bars in the upper layers shall be placed
directly above those in the lower layers at a clear distance of
not less than 25 mm.

D. Rebars at the time concrete is placed shall be free from rust

scale or other coatings that will destroy or reduce the bond.
Bends for stirrups and ties shall be made around a pin having a
diameter not less than six (6) times the diameter of the bar,
except that for bars larger than 25 mm, the pin shall not be less
than eight (8) times the diameter of the bar. All bars shall be
bent cold.
 E. Grade 60 shall be used for 25mm and above deformed bars.
Grade 40 shall be used for 20mm and below deformed bars.

RC 13 REFERENCE STANDARDS

The latest edition of following standards shall form part of this

specification:
ACI American Concrete Institute

211-01 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for

Normal and Heavyweight Concrete

301 Concrete, Structural for Building

309R Standard Practice for Consolidation of Concrete

318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced

Concrete

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and

Transport Officials

M173 Concrete Joint Sealer, Hot-Poured Elastic Type

Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

C33 Concrete Aggregates

C31 Standard Practice for Making, Curing Concrete

Test Specimen in the Field

C39 Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete

Specimen

C42 Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed

Beams of Concrete

C94 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

 MASONRY

MS 1 Scope

The work includes furnishing and placing of concrete masonry units in

conformity with the lines, grades and cross-sections shown on the drawings
and in accordance with the specifications.

A. Applicable Documents

The latest edition of the following specifications and standards shall form
part of this specification to the extent required by the references thereto.

ASTM America Society for Testing Materials

C144 Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar

PSA Product Standards Agency Publications (Philippines)

PNS 16 Specification for Concrete Hollow Blocks

B. Material Requirements

(1) Concrete Hollow Blocks

Concrete hollow blocks shall be a standard product of recognized

manufacturer conforming to PNS 16, as indicated on the drawings.
Exterior and interior masonry units shall be load bearing and non load-
bearing units respectively. However, load bearing units maybe provided in
lieu of non-load bearing units. For load bearing units, the required
compressive strength, shall be 50 kg/cm2 or 4.5 Mpa and for non-load
bearing units the required compressive strength shall be 25 kg/cm2 or 2.48
Mpa.

(2) Louver Decorative Blocks

Louver decorative blocks shall be of a standard product of recognized

manufacturer subject to the approval of the Consultant as quality, design,
dimensions and finish.

(3) Cement, Reinforcing Steel, and Water

Cement, reinforcing steel and water shall be as specified in concrete, of the

technical specification.

(4) Lime

Lime shall conform to the requirements of PHILSA 1-1-68 or ASTM

C207-76 and shall be type N for masonry purposes.
(5) Delivery, Storage and Protection of Materials

Lime shall be delivered in original sealed containers plainly marked with

the name and brand of manufacturer, and kept dry until used. Defective
lime and lime showing partial setting or cracking shall not be used.

Concrete masonry units shall immediately upon delivery to the job site be
stacked under covered area or otherwise protected from exposure to the
weather and contact with soil. Care shall be exercised in handling the
blocks to avoid breakage.

C. Construction Requirements

(1) Workmanship

Masonry walls shall be placed level and plumb all around. One section of
the walls shall not be placed in advance of the others, unless specifically
approved. Unfinished work shall be stepped back for joining with the new
work; tooting shall not be permitted. Heights of masonry shall be checked
with an instrument at sills and heads of openings to maintain the level of the
walls. Door and window frames, louvered openings, anchors, pipes, and
conduits shall be installed in carefully and neatly as the masonry work
progresses. Spaces around door frames shall be filled solidly with mortar.
Drilling, cutting, fitting and patching, to accommodate the work of others,
shall be performed by skilled workers. Bolts, anchors, inserts, plugs, ties,
and miscellaneous metal work specified elsewhere shall be placed in
position as the work progresses. Chases of approved dimensions for pipes
and other purposes shall be provided, where indicated or necessary. Top of
exposed walls and partitions, not being worked on, shall be covered with a
waterproof membrane, well secured in place. Walls and partitions shall be
structurally bonded or anchored to each other and to concrete walls, beams
and columns.

(2) Mortar Mixing

Mortar materials shall be measured in approved containers to insure that the

specified proportions of materials are controlled and accurately maintained
during the progress of the work. Unless specified otherwise, mortar shall
be mixed in proportions by volume. The aggregates shall be introduced
and mixed in such a manner that the materials will be distributed uniformly
throughout the mass. A sufficient amount of water shall be added gradually
and the mass further mixed, not less than 3 minutes, until a mortar of the
plasticity required for the purpose intended shall be obtained. The mortar
shall be mixed in a manner such that the quantity of water can be controlled
accurately and uniformly. Mortar boxes, pans, or mixing drums shall be
kept clean and free of debris or dried mortar. The mortar shall be used
before the initial setting of the cement has taken place; retempering of
mortar in which cement has started to set shall not be permitted.
(3) Proportion of Mortar Grout

Fine mortar grout shall be mixed in the volumetric proportion of one part
portland cement, 1/4 part hydrated lime and 3 parts sand. Coarse grout
shall be mixed in proportion of one part portland cement, 1/4 part hydrated
lime, 3 parts sand and 3 parts pea gravel passing a 3/8 inch sieve.

(4) Use of Fine and Coarse Grout

Fine grout shall be used in grout spaces less than 50 mm in any horizontal
dimension or when clearance between reinforcement and masonry unit is
less than 17 mm. Coarse grout shall be used in grout spaces more than 50
mm in all horizontal dimensions or where clearance between the
reinforcement and masonry is more than 17 mm.

(5) Mortar Joints

Mortar joint shall be uniform in thickness, and the average thickness of any
three consecutive joints shall be 9.50 mm. "Gage rods" shall be made and
approved prior to starting the work and shall be used throughout the work.
Changes in coursing or bonding after the work has started shall not be
permitted. The jointer shall be slightly larger than the width of the joint, so
that complete contact is made along the edges of the units, compressing and
sealing the surface of the joint. Joints in masonry which will not be
exposed shall be struck flush. Joints shall be brushed to remove all loose
and excess mortar. All horizontal joints shall be on level and vertical joints
shall be plumbed and aligned from the top to the bottom of the wall with a
tolerance of plus or minus 12 mm.

(6) Concrete Masonry Unit

The first course of concrete masonry unit shall be laid in full bed of mortar,
for the full width of the unit; the succeeding courses shall be laid with
broken joints. Concrete masonry units with the cells vertical shall have
bed-joints formed by applying the mortar to the entire top surfaces of the
inner and outer face shell, and the head joints formed by applying the
mortar of a width of about 25 mm to the ends of the adjoining units laid
previously. The mortar for joints shall be smooth, not furrowed, and shall
be of such thickness that it will be forced out of joints as the units are being
placed in position. Where anchors, bolts, ties and reinforcing bars occur
within the cell of the units, such cells shall be solidly filled with mortar or
grout as the work progresses.

(7) Reinforcement

Horizontal tie reinforcement shall be provided where indicated.

Reinforcement shall be continuous and provided in the longest available
lengths. Reinforcement above and below openings shall extend and be
embedded into the columns, unless otherwise shown on the drawings.
Splices shall overlap not less than 150 mm. Reinforcement shall be
embedded in the mortar joints in such a manner that all parts shall be
protected by mortar. The two top courses of filler block walls shall have
their cores filled with grout when placed in position.

Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, the size and spacing of bars shall
be as follows:

For Vertical Bars:

150 mm (6") CHB - 12 mm (1/2") dia. at 600 mm

(24") on centers

100 mm (4") CHB - 10 mm (3/8") dia. at 600 mm

(24") on centers

150 mm (6") Louver - 12 mm (1/2") dia. at 500 mm

Decorative Blocks (20") on centers

For horizontal bars: - 12 mm (1/2") dia. at 600 mm

(24") on centers (every
third course) for 150 mm
(6") and 100 mm (4") CHBs.

(8) Bonding and Anchoring

Masonry walls and partitions shall be accurately anchored or bonded at

points where they intersect, and where they abut or adjoin the concrete
frame of the building. All anchors shall be completely embedded in mortar.

(9) Grout Placement

Grout shall be performed on the interior side of wall, except as approved

otherwise. Sills, ledges, offsets and other surfaces to be left exposed shall
be protected from grout falling on such surfaces and shall be removed
immediately. Grout shall be stirred before placing to avoid segregation of
the aggregate and shall be sufficiently fluid to flow into joints and around
the reinforcement without leaving any voids. Grout shall be placed by
pumping or pouring from buckets equipped with sprouts, in lifts not
exceeding 1.2 meters high. Grout shall be puddled thoroughly to eliminate
voids without displacing the masonry units from its original position.
Masonry units displaced by the grouting operation shall be removed and
railed to its proper alignment using fresh mortar grout.

(10) Test and Test Reports

The testing requirements stated herein or incorporated in referenced

contract documents may be waived provided certified copies of report of
tests from approved laboratories performed on previously manufactured
materials are submitted and approved. Test reports shall be accompanied
by notarized copies from the manufacturer certifying that the previously
tested material is of the same type, quality, manufacture, and make as those
proposed for this project.

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

Description

The whole text of this section is amended to read as follows:

This work shall consist of prestressing precast/Post-tentioning concrete

by furnishing, placing, and tensioning of prestressing steel in accordance
with details shown on the plans, and as specified in these specifications
and the special provisions. It includes prestressing by post-tensioning
methods of concrete structures.

This work shall include the furnishing and installation of any appurtenant
items necessary for the particular prestressing system to be used,
including but not limited to ducts, anchorage assemblies and grout used
for pressure grouting ducts.

Details of Design

When the design for the prestressing work is not fully detailed on the
plans, the Contractor shall determine the details or type of prestressing
system for use and select materials and details conforming to these
specifications as needed to satisfy the prestressing requirements
specified. The system selected shall provide the magnitude and
distribution of prestressing force and ultimate strength required by the
plans without exceeding allowable temporary stresses. Unless otherwise
shown on the plans, all design procedures, coefficient and allowable
stresses, friction and prestress losses as well as tendon spacing and
clearances shall be in accordance with the Division I, Design, of the
AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges.

The prestressing may be performed by either pretensioning or post-

tensioning methods unless the plans show only pretensioning details.

When the effective or working force or stress is shown on the plans, it

shall be considered to be the force or stress remaining in the prestressing
steel after all losses, including creep and shrinkage of concrete, elastic
shortening of concrete, relaxation of steel, friction and take up or seating
of anchorages, and all other losses peculiar to the method or system of
prestressing have taken place or have been provided for. When the
jacking force is shown on the plans, it shall be considered to be the force
applied to the tendon prior to anchorage and the occurrence of any
losses, including the anchor set loss.
Working Drawings

Whenever the plans do not include complete details for a prestressing

system and its method of installation, or when complete details are
provided in the plans and the Contractor wishes to propose any change,
the Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Engineer working
drawings of the prestressing system proposed for use. Fabrication or
installation of prestressing material shall not begin until the Engineer has
approved the drawings.

The working drawings of the prestressing system shall show complete

details and substantiating calculations of the method, materials and
equipment the Contractor proposes to use in the prestressing operations,
including any additions or rearrangement of reinforcing steel and any
revision in concrete dimensions from that shown on the plans. Such
details shall outline the method and sequence of stressing and shall
include complete specifications and details of the prestressing operation,
including the proposed arrangement of the prestressing steel in the
members.

Working drawings shall be submitted sufficiently in advance of the start

of the affected work to allow time for review by the Engineer and
correction by the Contractor of the drawings without delaying the work.

Composite Placing Drawings

When required by the special provisions, in addition to all required

working drawings, the Contractor shall prepare composite placing
drawings to scale and in sufficient detail to show the relative positions of
all items that are to be embedded in the concrete, and their embedment
depth, for the portions of the structure that are to be prestressed. Such
embedded items include the prestressing ducts, vents, anchorage
reinforcement and hardware, reinforcing steel, anchor bolts, earthquake
restrainers, deck joint seal assemblies, drainage system, utility conduits
and other such items.

Such drawings shall be adequate to ensure that there will be no conflict

between the planned positions of any embedded items and that concrete
cover will be adequate. If during the preparation of such drawings
conflicts are discovered, the Contractor shall revise his working drawing
for one or more of the embedded items or propose changes in the
dimensions of the work as necessary to eliminate the conflicts or provide
proper cover. Any such revisions shall be approved by the Engineer
before work on any affected item is started.

All costs involved with the preparation of such drawings and with
making the necessary modifications to the work resulting therefrom shall
be borne by the Contractor.
Material Requirements

Prestressing Steel and Anchorages

Prestressing reinforcement shall be high-strength seven-wire strand, high

strength steel wire, or high-strength alloy bars of the grade and type
called for on the plans or in the special provisions and shall conform to
the requirements of the following specifications.

Strand

Uncoated seven-wire strand shall conform to the requirements of

AASHTO M-203 (ASTM A416). Supplement S1 (Low-Relaxation) shall
apply when specified.

Wire

Uncoated stress-relieved steel wire shall conform to the requirements of

AASHTO M-275 (ASTM A421).

Bars

Uncoated high-strength bars shall conform to the requirements of

AASHTO M275 (ASTM A722). Bars with greater minimum ultimate
strength, but otherwise produced and tested in accordance with
AASHTO M275 (ASTM A722), may be used provided they have no
properties that make them less satisfactory than the specified material.

Post-Tensioning Anchorages and Couplers

All anchorages and couplers shall develop at least 95 percent of the

minimum specified ultimate strength of the prestressing steel, when
tested in an unbonded state, without exceeding anticipated set. The
coupling of tendons shall not reduce the elongation at rupture below the
requirements of the tendon itself. Couplers and/or coupler components
shall be enclosed in housings long enough to permit the necessary
movements. Couplers for tendons shall be used only at locations
specifically indicated and/or approved by the Engineer. Couplers shall
not be used at points of sharp tendons' curvature.

a) Bonded System

Bond transfer lengths between anchorages and the zone where full
prestressing force is required under service and ultimate loads shall
normally be sufficient to develop the minimum specified ultimate
strength of the prestressing steel. When anchorages or couplers are
located at critical sections under ultimate load, the ultimate strength
required of the bonded tendons shall not exceed the ultimate capacity of
the tendon assembly, including the anchorage or coupler, tested in an
unbonded state.
Housings shall be designed so that complete grouting of all the
couplers’ components will be accomplished during grouting of tendons.

b) Anchorage Devices with Distribution Plates

The average bearing stresses on the concrete created by the

anchorage distribution plates shall not exceed the values allowed by
the following equations:

At service load -
fcp = 0.6 fc’A’b/Ab but not greater than 1.25 fc’

where:

fcp = permissible compressive concrete tress

fc’ = compressive strength of concrete

At transfer load - f’ci = compressive strength of concrete at

time of initial prestress

fcp = 0.8 f’ci (A’b/Ab) - 0.2 but not greater than 1.24 f’ci
A’b = maximum area of the portion of the
concrete anchorage surface that
geometrically similar to and
concentric with the area of the
anchorage

Ab = bearing area of the anchorage

As used in the above equation fcp is the average bearing stress, P/A,
in concrete computed by dividing the force P of the prestressing
steel by the projected area, Ab between the concrete and the
bearing plate or other structural element of the anchorage which has the
function of transferring the force to concrete.

c) Anchorage Devices Without Distribution Plates

Should the Contractor elect to furnish anchoring devices of a type that

sufficiently large and which are used in conjunction with a steel grill
embedded in the concrete that effectively distributes the compressive
stresses to the concrete, the steel distribution plates or assemblies may
be omitted.

Anchorage devices without distribution plates which have not been

pre-approved by the Engineer shall not be used until the
Contractor furnishes certified copies of prequalification tests which
demonstrate satisfactory performance under conditions expected
for the project. Prequalification tests for such anchorage devices
shall be performed in accordance with the requirements for testing
special anchorage devices in the AASHTO Guide Specifications for
the Design and Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges.
For such anchorage system previously tested and approved on
projects having the same tendon configuration, the Engineer may
waive additional testing provided there is no change in the materials,
design or details previously approved. the working drawings shall
identify the project on which approval was obtained, otherwise testing
will be necessary.

If loop tendon anchorages are used, they shall be enclosed in ducts for
their entire length.

d) Supplemental Reinforcement

Any supplemental reinforcement required in the local-zone of the

anchorage, as defined in the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Design
and Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges, to resist bursting,
splitting and spalling tensile stresses in the immediate vicinity of the
anchorage which is dependent on the configuration of the anchor
device, shall be considered to be a part of the anchorage device.
such reinforcement shall be designated by the anchorage supplier and
shall be furnished and placed in addition to the general zone
reinforcement which is shown on the plans.

Identification and Testing

All wire, strand, or bars to be shipped to the site shall be assigned a lot
number and tagged for identification purposes. Anchorages assemblies to
be shipped shall be likewise identified.

Each lot of wire or bars and each reel of strand reinforcement shall be
accompanied by a manufacturer’s certificate of compliance, a mill
certificate, and a test report. the mill certificate and test report shall
include the chemical composition (not required for strand), cross
sectional area, yield and ultimate strength, elongation at rupture modulus
of elasticity, and the stress strain curve for the actual prestressing steel
intended for use.

All values certified shall be based on test values and nominal sectional
areas of the material being certified. The Contractor shall furnish to the
Engineer for verification testing the samples described in the following
sub-articles selected from each lot. If ordered by the Engineer, the
selection of samples shall be made at the manufacturer’s plant by the
Inspector.

All samples submitted shall be representative of the lot to be furnished

and, in the case of wire or strand, shall be taken from the same master
roll.

The actual strength of the prestressing steel shall not be less than
specified by the applicable ASTM Standard, and shall be determined by
tests of representative samples of the tendon materials in conformance
with ASTM Standards.

All of the materials specified for testing shall be furnished free of cost
and shall be delivered in time for tests to be made well in advance of the
anticipated time of use.

a) Post-tensioning Method Tendons

The following lengths shall be furnished for each 20 ton, or portion

thereof, lot of material used in the work.

* For wires requiring heading - 1.5 meter

* For wires not requiring heading - sufficient length to make up

one parallel-lay cable 1.5 meter long consisting of the same
number of wires as the cable to be furnished.

* For strand to be furnished with fitting - 1.5 meters between near

ends of fittings.

* For bars to be furnished with threaded ends and nuts - 1.5 meters
between threads at ends.

b) Anchorage Assemblies and Couplers

Except for anchorage devices without distribution plates which are tested
in accordance with Sub-section of this Specification, the contractor shall
burnish for testing, one specimen of each size of prestressing tendon,
including coupling, of the selected type, with end fittings and anchorage
assembly attached, for strength test only. These specimens shall be 1.5
meter in clear length, measured between ends of fittings. If the results of
the test indicate the necessity of check tests, additional specimens shall
be furnished without cost.

When dynamic testing is required, the contractor shall perform the

testing and shall furnish certified copies of test results which indicate
conformance with the specified requirements prior to installation of
anchorages or couplers.

For prestressing systems previously tested and approved on projects

having the same tendon configuration, the Engineer may not require
complete tendon samples provided there is no change in the material,
design, or details previously approved. Shop drawings or prestressing
details shall identify the project on which approval was obtained,
otherwise testing shall be conducted.
Protection of Prestressing Steel

All prestressing steel shall be protected against physical damage and rust
or other results of corrosion at all times from manufacture to grouting.
Prestressing steel shall also be free of deleterious material such as grease,
oil, was or paint. Prestressing steel that has sustained physical damage at
any time shall be rejected. The development of pitting of other results of
corrosion, other than rust stain, shall be cause for rejection.

Prestressing steel shall be packaged in containers or shipping forms for

the protection of the strand against physical damage and corrosion during
shipping and storage. A corrosion inhibitor shall be placed in the package
or form, or shall be incorporated in a corrosion inhibitor carrier type
packaging material, or when permitted by the Engineer, may be applied
directly to the steel. The corrosion inhibitor used shall have no
deleterious effect on the steel or concrete or bond strength of steel to
concrete or grout. Packaging or forms damaged from any cause shall be
immediately replaced or restored to their original condition.

The shipping package or form shall be clearly marked with a statement

that the package contains high-strength prestressing steel, and the type of
corrosion inhibitor used, including the date packaged.

All anchorages, end fitting, couplers, and exposed tendons, which will
not be encased in concrete or grout in the completed work, shall be
permanently protected against corrosion.

Corrosion Inhibitor

Corrosion inhibitor shall consist of a vapor phase inhibitor (VPI) powder

conforming to the provisions of Federal Specification MIL-03420 or as
otherwise approved by the Engineer. When approved, water soluble oil
may be used on tendons as a corrosion inhibitor.

Ducts

Ducts used to provide holes or voids in the concrete for the placement of
post-tensioned bonded tendons may be either formed with removable
cores or may consist of rigid or semi-rigid ducts which are cast into the
concrete.

Ducts formed with removable cores shall be formed with no constrictions

which would tend to block the passage of grout. All coring materials
shall be removed.

Ducts formed by sheath left in the place shall be a type that will not
permit the intrusion of cement paste from the surrounding concrete into
the duct. They shall transfer bond stresses as required and shall retain
shape under the weight of the concrete and shall have sufficient strength
to maintain their correct alignment without movement during placement
of concrete.
Non-Galvanized Ducts

1.) The tendon sheathing for unbonded single strand tendons shall be
made of a material with the following properties :

 Sufficient strength to withstand unrepairable damage during

fabrication, transport, installation, concrete placement and
tensioning.

* Watertightness over the entire sheathing length.

 Chemical stability, without embrittlement or softening over

the anticipated exposure temperature
range and the service life of the structure.

 Non-reactive with concrete, steel and the tendon corrosion

preventive coating.

2.) Minimum thickness of the sheathing used in normal (non-corrosive

environments shall not be less than 0.025 inches for medium or high
density polyethylene or polypropylene. Sheathing thickness for
tendons used in corrosive environments shall not be less than 0.04
inches for medium or high density polyethylene or polypropylene.
against loosening of wedges during shipment of tendons. The
additional roughness can be accommodated for fixed anchorages
since the anchorage is attached under plant conditions.

Sufficient corrosion protection of the anchor casting is normally

provided by the alkalinity of the bonded concrete encasement. Past
experience and research indicate that anchor castings are much less
sensitive than the strand from the standpoint of the need for corrosion
protection, and that additional corrosion protection of the anchor
casting is not necessary. For any application where additional
corrosion protection of anchor castings is considered essential, it may
be obtained by various means.

The sheathing may be produced by either an extrusion process, heat

sealing process, or any other process which assures a watertight
enclosure over the tendon.

The increased sheathing thickness specified for corrosive

environments is intended to provide increased resistance to damage
during construction.

3.) The sheathing shall have an inside diameter at least 0.01 inches
greater than the maximum diameter of the strand.

4.) For applications in corrosive environments, the sheathing shall be

connected to all stressing, intermediate and fixed anchorages in a
 watertight fashion, thus providing a complete encapsulation of the
prestressing steel.

Grout

Grout shall properly cover the prestressing tendons in the ducts and
protect the tendons against corrosions as well as to bond the tendons to
the concrete.

The grout shall conform to the following:

1) Bleeding ratio shall not exceed 3%.

2) Expansion ratio shall not exceed 10%. However, the ration shall
be always less than the bleeding ratio immediately after the
injection until the bleeding being maximum.
3) Comprehensive strength at 28 days of age shall be larger that 21
Mpa.
4) Water-to-Cement ratio shall not exceed 45%.
5) Chloride ion contents shall not exceed 0.30 kg/cu. m.
6) Efflux time shall be between 15 and 30 seconds using the JA
cone.

The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval the results of
the following tests in accordance with Section 10.5, Chapter 25, “Tests
of Grout for Prestressed Concrete”, JSCE Standard Specification for
Design and Construction of Concrete Structures, 1986 Part 2”

a) Test prior to the commencement of work

Consistency Tests, Bleeding and Expansion Tests, Strength Tests
b) Tests during work

Consistency Tests, Bleeding and Expansion Tests, Strength Tests,

Measurements of Chloride Ion Contents as required.

The test procedures shall conform to JSCE Standard “Test methods of

Prestressed Concrete Grout”.

Materials for use in making grout which is to be placed in the ducts after
tendons are post-tensioned shall conform to the following:

Portland Cement

Portland cement shall conform to one of the following:

Specifications for Portland Cement - AASHTO M85. Types I, II, or III.

Cement used for grouting shall be fresh and shall not contain any lumps
or other indication of hydration or “pack set”.
Water

The water used in the grout shall be potable, clean and free of injurious
quantities of substances known to be harmful to portland cement or
prestressing steel.

Admixtures

Admixtures, if used, shall impart the properties of low-water content,

good flowability, minimums bleed, and expansion if desired. They shall
contain no chemicals in quantities that may have harmful effect on the
prestressing steel or cement. Admixtures which, at the dosage used,
contain chlorides in excess of 0.005 percent of the weight of the cement
used or contain any fluorides, sulfites, and nitrates shall not be used.

When a grout expanding admixture is required, or is used at the

Contractor’s option, it shall be well dispersed through the other
admixtures and shall produce a 2 to 6 percent unrestrained expansion of
the grout.

Amount of admixture to obtain a desired amount of expansion shall be

determined by tests. If the source of manufacture or brand of either
admixture or cement changes after testing, new tests shall be conducted
to determine proper proportions.

All admixtures shall be used in accordance with the instructions of the

manufacturer.

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

General Tensioning Requirements

Prestressing steel shall be tensioned by hydraulic jacks so as to produce

the forces shown on the plans or on the approved working drawing
with appropriate forces shown on the plans or on the approved
working drawing with appropriate allowances for all losses.
Losses to be provided for shall be as specified in Division I, Article
9.16 in AASHTO 1992. For post-tensioned work the losses shall also
include the anchor set loss appropriate for the anchorage system
employed.

The maximum temporary stress (jacking stress) and the stress in the
steel before loss due to creep and shrinkage shall not exceed the values
allowed in Division I, Article 9.15 in AASHTO 1992.

The method of tensioning employed shall be post-tensioning as specified

or approved:

* Post-tensioning; in which the reinforcing tendons are

installed in voids or ducts within the concrete and are
stressed and anchored against the concrete after the
 development of the required concrete strength. As a
final operation under this method, the voids or
ducts are pressure grouted.

* During stressing of strand, individual wire failures may be

accepted by the Engineer, provided not more than one wire
in any strand is broken and the area of broken
wires does not exceed 2 percent of the total area of the
prestressing steel in the member.

Prestressing Equipment

Hydraulic jacks used to stress tendons shall be capable of providing

and sustaining the necessary forces and shall be equipped with either a
pressure gauge or a load cell for determining the jacking stress. The
jacking system shall provide and independent means by which the
tendon elongation can be measured. The pressure gauge shall
have an accurately reading dial at least 6 inches in diameter or a digital
display, and each hack and its gauge shall be calibrated as a unit with the
cylinder extension in the approximate position that it will be a final
jacking force, and shall be accompanied by a certified calibration chart
or curve. The load cell shall be calibrated and shall be provided with an
indicator by means of which the prestressing force in the tendon may be
determined.

The range of the load cell shall be such that the lower 10 percent of the
manufacturer’s rated capacity will not be used in determining the jacking
stress. When approved by the Engineer, calibrated proving rings may be
used in lieu of load cells.

Recalibration of gauges shall be repeated at least annually and whenever

gauge pressures and elongations indicate materially different stresses.

Only oxygen flame or mechanical cutting devices shall be used to cut

strand after installation in the member or after stressing. Electric welders
shall not be used.

Sequence of Stressing

When the sequence of stressing individual tendons is not otherwise

specified, the stressing of post-tensioning tendons and the release of
pretensioned tendons shall be done in a sequence that produces a
minimum of eccentric force in the member.

Measurement of Stress

A record of gauge pressures and tendon elongations for each tendon shall
be provided by the Contractor for review and approval by the Engineer.
Elongations shall be measured to an accuracy of 1.5 mm. Stressing
tails of post-tensioned tendons shall not be cut off until the
stressing records have been approved.
The stress in tendons during tensioning shall be determined by the gauge
or load cell readings and shall be verified with the measured elongations.
Calculations of anticipated elongations shall utilize the modulus of
elasticity, based on nominal area, as furnished by the manufacturer for
the lot of steel being tensioned, or as determined by a bench test of
strands used in the work.

All tendons shall be tensioned to a preliminary force as necessary to

eliminate any take-ups in the tensioning system before elongation
readings are started. This preliminary force shall be measured by a
dynamometer or by other approved method, so that its amount
can be used as a check against elongation as computed and as
measured. Each strand shall be marked prior to final stressing to permit
measurement of elongation and to insure that all anchor wedges are set
properly.

It is anticipated that there may be discrepancy in indicated stress between

jack gauge pressure and elongation. In such event, the load used, as
indicated by the gauge pressure, shall produce a slight overstress rather
than understress. When a discrepancy between gauge pressure and
elongation of more than 5 percent in tendons over 15 meters long or
7 percent in tendons of 15 meters or less in length occurs, the entire
operation shall be carefully checked and the source of error determined
and corrected before proceeding further.

Placement of Ducts and Steel

Placement of Ducts

Ducts shall be rigidly supported at the proper locations in the forms by

ties to reinforcing steel which are adequate to prevent displacement
during concrete placement. Supplementary support bars shall be used
where needed to maintain proper alignment of the duct. Hold-down ties
to the forms shall be used when the buoyancy of the ducts in the fluid
concrete would lift the reinforcing steel.

Joints between sections of duct shall be coupled with positive

connections which do not result in angle changes at the joints and will
prevent the intrusion of cement paste.

After placing of ducts, reinforcing and forming is complete, an

inspection shall be made to locate possible duct damage.

All unintentional holes or openings in the duct must be repaired prior to

concrete placing.

After installation in the forms, the ends of ducts shall at all times be
covered as necessary to prevent the entry of water or debris.
Grout openings and vents must be securely anchored to the duct and to
either the forms or to reinforcing steel to prevent displacement during
concrete placing operations.

Vents and Drains

All ducts for continuous structures shall be vented at the high points of
the duct profile, except where the curvature is small, as in continuous
slabs, and at additional locations as shown on the plans. Where
special conditions can be anticipated prior to grouting, drains shall be
installed at low points in ducts where needed to prevent the
accumulation of water. Low-points drains shall remain open until the
grouting is started.

The ends of vents and drains shall be removed one inch below
the surface of the concrete after grouting has been completed, and the
void filled with mortar.

Placement of Prestressing Steel

All prestressing steel preassembled in ducts and installed prior to

the placement of concrete shall be accurately placed and held in position
during concrete placement.

When the prestressing steel is installed after the concrete has been
placed, the Contractor shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the
Engineer that the ducts are free of water and debris immediately prior to
installation of the steel. The total number of strands in an individual
tendon may be pulled into the duct as a unit, or the individual strand may
be pulled or pushed through the duct.

Anchorage devices or block-out templates for anchorages shall be set and

held so that their axis of the tendons and anchor plates are normal in all
directions to the tendon.

The prestressing steel shall be distributed so that the force in each h

girder stem is equal or as required by the plans, except as provided
herein. For box girders with more than two girder stems, at the
Contractor’s option, the prestressing force may vary up to 5 percent
from the theoretical required force per girder stem is provided the
required total force in the superstructure is obtained and the force is
distributed symmetrically about the centerline of the typical section.

Protection of Steel After Installation

Prestressing steel installed in members prior to placing and curing of the

concrete, or installed in the duct but not grouted within the time limit
specified below, shall be continuously protected against rust or other
corrosion by means of a corrosion inhibitor placed in the ducts or directly
applied to the steel. The prestressing steel shall be so protected until
grouted or encased in concrete. Prestressing steel installed and tensioned
in members after placing and curing of the concrete and grouted within
the time limit specified below will not require the use of a corrosion
inhibitor described herein and rust which may form during the interval
between tendon installation and grouting will not be cause for rejection
to the steel.

The permissible interval between tendon installation and grouting

without use of a corrosion inhibitor for various exposure conditions shall
be as follows:

Very Damp Atmosphere or over salt water (Humidity > 70 %) 7 days

Moderate Atmosphere (Humidity from 40% to 70%) 15 days

Very Dry Atmosphere (Humidity < 40%) 20 days

After tendons are placed in ducts, the openings at the ends of the ducts
shall be sealed to prevent entry of moisture.

When steam curing is used, steel for post-tensioning shall not be installed
until the steam curing is completed.

Whenever electric welding is performed on or near members containing

prestressing steel, the welding ground shall be attached directly to the
steel being welded. All prestressing steel and hardware shall be protected
from weld spatter or other damage.

Strand splicing methods and devices shall be approved by the Engineer.

When single strand jacking is used, only one splice per strand will be
permitted. When multi-strand jacking is used, either all strands shall be
spliced or no more than 10 percent of the strands shall be spliced. Spliced
strands shall be similar in physical properties, from the same source, and
shall have the same “twist” or “lay”. All splices shall be located outside
of the prestressed units.

Side and flange forms that restrain deflection shall be removed before
release of pretensioning reinforcement.

Except when otherwise shown on the plans, all pretensioned-prestressing

strands shall be cut off flush with the end of the member and the exposed
ends of the strand and a 1-inch strip of adjoining concrete shall be
cleaned and painted.

Cleaning shall be by wire brushing or abrasive blast cleaning to remove

all dirt and residue that is not firmly bonded to the metal or concrete
surfaces. The surfaces shall be coated with one thick coat of zinc-rich
paint.

The paint shall be thoroughly mixed at the time of application, and shall
be worked into any voids in the strands.
Post-Tensioning Method Requirements

Prior to post-tensioning any member, the Contractor shall demonstrate to

the satisfaction of the Engineer that the prestressing steel is free and
unbounded in the duct.

All strands in each tendon, except for those in flat ducts with not more
than four strands, shall be stressed simultaneously with a multi-strand
jack.

Tensioning shall be accomplished so as to provide the forces and

elongations specified in Subsection.

Except as provided herein or when shown on the plans or on the

approved working drawings, tendons in continuous post-tensioned
members shall be tensioned by jacking at each end of the tendon. For
straight tendons and when one end of stressing is shown on the plans,
tensioning may be performed by jacking from one end or both ends of
the tendon at the option of the Contractor.

Grouting

General

When the post-tensioning method is used, the prestressing steel shall be

provided with permanent protection and shall be bonded to the concrete
by completely filling the void space between the duct and the tendon
with grout.

Preparation of Ducts

All ducts shall be clean and free of deleterious materials that would
impair bonding or interfere with grouting procedures.

Ducts with concrete walls (cored ducts) shall be flushed to ensure that
the concrete is thoroughly wetted. Metal ducts shall be flushed if
necessary to remove deleterious material.

Water used for flushing ducts may contain slack lime (calcium
hydroxide) or quicklime (calcium oxide) in the amount of 0.1 kg. per
liter.

After flushing, all water shall be blown out of the duct with oil-free c
ompressed air.

Equipment

The grouting equipment shall include a mixer capable of continuous

mechanical mixing which will produce a grout free of lumps and
undispersed cement, a grout pump and stand-by flushing equipment with
water supply. The equipment shall be able to pump the mixed grout in a
manner which will comply with all requirements.

Accessory equipment which will provide for accurate solid and liquid
measures shall be provided to batch all materials.

The pump shall be a positive displacement type and be able to produce

and outlet pressure of at least 1.0 MPa. The pump should have seals
adequate to prevent introduction of oil, air, or other foreign substance
into the grout, and prevent loss of grout or water.

A pressure gauge having a full-scale reading of no greater than 2.0 MPa

shall be placed at some point in the grout line between the pump outlet
and the duct inlet.

The grouting equipment shall contain a screen having clear opening of 3

mm. maximum size to screen the grout prior to its introduction into the
grout pump.

If grout with a thixotropic additive is used, a screen opening of 5 mm. is

satisfactory. The screen shall be easily accessible for inspection and
cleaning.

The grouting equipment shall utilize gravity feed to the pump inlet from
a hopper attached to and directly over it. The hopper must be kept at least
partially full of grout at all time during the pumping operation to prevent
air from being drawn into the post-tensioning duct.

Under normal conditions, the grouting equipment shall be capable of

continuously grouting the largest tendon on the project in no more than
20 minutes.

Mixing of Grout

Water shall be added to the mixer first, followed by portland cement and
admixture, or as required by the admixture manufacturer.

Mixing shall be of such duration as to obtain a uniform, thoroughly

blended grout, without excessive temperature increase or loss of
expansive properties of the admixture. The grout shall be continuously
agitated until it is pumped. Water shall not be added to increase grout
flowability which has been decreased by delayed use of the grout.

Proportions of materials shall be based on tests made on the grout before

grouting is begun, or may be selected based on prior documented
experience with similar materials and equipment and under comparable
field conditions (weather, temperature, etc.).

The water content required for Type III cement shall be established for a
particular brand based on tests.
 The pumpability of the grout may be determined by the Engineer in
accordance with the U.S. Corps of Engineers Methods CRD-C79. When
this method is used, the afflux time of grout sample immediately after
mixing shall not be less than 11 seconds. The flow cone test does not
apply to grout which incorporates a thixotropic additive..

Injection of Grout

All grout and high-point vent openings shall be open when grouting
starts. Grout shall be allowed to flow from the first vent after the inlet
pipe until any residual flushing water or entrapped air has been removed,
at which time the vent should be capped or otherwise closed. Remaining
vents shall be closed in sequence in the same manner. The pumping
pressure at the tendon inlet shall not exceed 1.75 Mpa.

If the actual grouting pressure exceeds the maximum recommended

pumping pressure, grout may be injected at any vent which has been, or
is ready to be capped as long as one-way of grout is maintained. If this
procedure is used, the vent which is to be used for injection shall be
fitted with a positive shutoff. When one-way flow of grout cannot be
maintained, the grout shall be immediately flushed out of the duct with
water.

Grout shall be pumped through the duct and continuously wasted at the
outlet pipe until no visible slugs of water or air is ejected and afflux time
of the ejected grout, as measured by a flow cone test, if used, is not less
than that of the injected grout. To ensure that the tendon remains filled
with grout, the outlet shall then be closed and the pumping pressure
allowed to build to a minimum of 0.5 MPa before the inlet vent is closed.
Pugs, caps, or valves thus required shall not be removed or opened until
the grout has set.

Temperature Considerations

When temperatures are below 32 deg. Fahrenheit or higher from the time
of grouting until job cured 5.0 cm. cubes of grout reach a minimum
compressive strength of 5.6 MPa.

Grout shall not be above 90 deg. Fahrenheit during mixing or pumping.

If necessary, the mixing water shall be cooled.

PREPARED BY:

WALLACE D. LESTANO, F.ASEP

Civil-Structural Engineer