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Chapter 14
Approximate Analysis of
Continuous Frames for
Vertical Loads
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This Power point presentation was prepared by Dr. Terry Weigel & Adjusted by OE.
Approximate Analysis
Less work than modeling entire structure
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ACI Coefficients
ACI Code Section 6.5
ACI Coefficients
Use for members with approximately equal
spans
The length larger of the two adjacent spans
may not exceed the length of the shorter
span by more than 20%
Ratio of the uniform service live load to the
uniform service dead may not exceed
three
Can’t be applied to prestressed members
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Maximum Shear
Maximum shear at a section in a beam occurs
when the beam is loaded with live load
from the section to the more distant
support
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Moment Redistribution
Due to Plastic Hinges Principles – Moment Redistribution is applied
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Moment Redistribution
ACI allow the redistribution for (1000εt) percent < 20% of moment,
provided that εt <0.0075 at the section where moments are being
reduced.
These moments must have been computed via an elastic analysis,
and not the ACI moment coefficients
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Moment Redistribution
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Moment Redistribution
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Moment Redistribution
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ACI Coefficients
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Interior span 1
wu 2n
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Example
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Example 14.1
Design a continuous slab for moments
calculated with the ACI coefficients. The
slab supports a live load of 165 psf and a
superimposed dead load of 5 psf, in
addition to its own weight. The concrete
strength is 3,000 psi and the steel is
Grade 40. The slab will be constructed
integrally with the spandrel girder
supports, which are 12 in wide.
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Example 14.1
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Example 14.1
Table 4.1 - Deflection multiplier for Grade 40
steel 40,000 psi
0.4 0.80
100,000 psi
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Example 14.1
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Example 14.1
6 in
wD 150 pcf 75 psf
12 in/ft
wu 1.2 75 psf 5 psf 1.6 165 psf 360 psf
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Example 14.1
Negative moment, first interior support ( this
is the largest of the design moments)
wu 2n 360 plf 13 ft
2
Mu 6084 lb-ft
10 10
Mu
12 in/ft 6084 lb-ft 299.6 psi
bd 2 0.9 12 in 4.75 in 2
0.0080
As 0.0080 12 in 4.75 in 0.456 in 2
No 5 at 6 in
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Example 14.1
Negative moment, exterior support, exterior
span
wu n 360 plf 13 ft
2 2
Mu 2535 lb-ft
24 24
Mu
12 in/ft 2535 lb-ft 124.8 psi
bd 2 0.9 12 in 4.75 in 2
0.005 ACI minimum steel, 200 / f y
As 0.00512 in 4.75 in 0.285 in 2
No 5 at 12 in
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Example 14.1
Positive moment, centerline, exterior span
wu 2n 360 plf 13 ft
2
Mu 4346 lb-ft
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Mu
12 in/ft 4346 lb-ft 214.0 psi
bd 2 0.9 12 in 4.75 in 2
0.0056
As 0.0056 12 in 4.75 in 0.319 in 2
No 5 at 6 in
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Example 14.1
Positive moment, centerline, interior span
wu 2n 360 plf 13 ft
2
Mu 3802 lb-ft
16 16
Mu
12 in/ft 3802 lb-ft 187.5 psi
bd 2 0.9 12 in 4.75 in 2
0.0050 ACI minimum steel, 200 / f y
As 0.0050 12 in 4.75 in 0.285 in 2
No 5 at 6 in
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Example 14.1
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As stated in GCV401
Structural Analysis
Approximate methods
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Example
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Example 14.2
Use the equivalent rigid frame method to draw
the shear and moment diagram for the
continuous T-beam. The beam frames into a
16 in square columns and supports a dead load
of 2.33 k/ft and a live load of 3.19 k/ft. Live
load is applied on the center span only. The
girders have a depth of 24 in. and a web width
of 12 in. Assume that moment of inertia of
the T-beam is twice the value of the moment
of inertia of its stem.
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Example 14.2
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Example 14.2
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Example 14.2
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Example 14.2
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Example 14.2
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Example 14.2
Mu 134.4 k-ft
12
Load and moment - interior span dead plus live
wu 1.2 2.33 k/ft 1.6 3.19 k/ft 7.9 k/ft
7.9 k/ft 24 ft
2
Mu 379.2 k-ft
12
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Example 14.2
I 5461 in 4
12
k of columns
I 5461 in 4
455
12 ft
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Example 14.2
1 12 in 24 in 3
I 2 bw h3 2 27, 648 in 4
12 12
k of T-beam
I 27, 648 in 4
1152
24 ft
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Example 14.2
Moment distribution
done using
symmetry
Cross method
We may use Software
Reactions –
VA = VD = 24.6 k
VB = VC = 137.4 k
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Example 14.2
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Example 14.2
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