Smart Helmet locking System

ABSTRACT
This project focuses on implementing Microcontroller based “ Smart locking
system”.The research survey includes the current scenario of locking
system.This helmet locking system is implemented to assure that the rider wears
an helmet before starting the bike. Just in case the user takes out the helmet but
doesn’t wear it we have installed a two step verification by implementing a limit
switch in the helmet and communicate with our system wirelessly. It also assures
that the bike speed doesnt cross a threshold limit.and if at all the speed exceeds
the pre-set limit there is an intimation and the rider is asked to slow down,

INTRODUCTION
The lock system is in such a manner that untill and unless the helmet is removed
from the locker the ignition cannot be on. This is basically to avoid the rider to
travel without helmet or force the rider to wear the helmet in order to avoid
accidents.
A smart helmet is a special idea which makes motorcycle driving safer than
before. The main aim of the smart helmet is to prevent the biker from starting his
bike until and unless he actually wears the helmet.
Also in order to ensure if the helmet is worn after removing it from the lock we
implement an wireless switch in the helmet which indicates the validation
signal.Thus resulting in more robust and safer system.
One more major parameter for the safety is speed which is being continuously
governed by speed sensor and a threshold speed is set . i.e if the user exceeds the
maximum speed it notifies the rider to slow down.

Problem definition
 The total count of registered motor vehicles in India is more than 21 million
as per the report of 2015. The numbers of car users in India are 22,536,000
and around 17.6 million two-wheelers were sold to the customers in 2017.
In India, 1214 road crashes occur every day. Out of total road crash deaths,
25% of them are two wheeler accidents.
 The main cause of these accidents are driving not wearing helmet
 Possibilities of not wearing a helmet after removing from the locker
 People usually tend to speed up thus resulting in accidents

BACKGROUND:
In today’s era, especially in the young generation, the craze of motorbikes
is really remarkable. The middle-class families prefer to buy motorbikes
rather than four wheelers, because of their low prices. As the bikes in our
country are increasing, the road mishaps are also increasing day by day,
due to which many deaths occur, most of which are caused due to most
common negligence of not wearing a helmet. According to a survey
of India, there are around 698 accidents occurring due to bike crashes per
year. If accidents are one issue, lack of proper treatment is another reason
for deaths. In India out of the 698 deaths occurring annually, nearly half
of the people die due to lack of proper treatment in proper time. The many
reasons for this are late arrival of an ambulance, no person at the place of
accident to give information to the ambulance or parents, etc.

This is a situation we observe in our day to day life; a thought of finding

some solution to resolve this problem comes up with this idea of giving
information about the accident as soon as possible because
of TIME………!!!!!!!!! matters a lot. If everything is done in time, at
least, we can save half the lives that are lost due to bike accidents.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

Review of Literature:
This is a report about a smart helmet which makes motor cycle driving safer than
before. The main aim of this project is that it makes sure that the biker can’t start
the bike without wearing the helmet. A similar proposed work that has been put
forward earlier which is based on the principle of pressure sensing that is wearing
a helmet creates a pressure on the helmet and a data signal is passed to the
transmitter which redirects the bike ignition control to turn on. Moreover the
transmitter and the receiver modules used are IR based. However, both the
technologies have certain drawbacks:

DRAWBACKS:
 Pressure can be created inside the helmet by putting any dummy material inside
it. Thus the rider instead of wearing a helmet can create the required pressure by
putting any dummy material inside the helmet. Hence the basic purpose of
starting the bike by wearing the helmet can be easily bypassed.
 The IR technology is of short range.
 IR modules work on the principle of line of sight.
 IR based devices cannot move around while the transmission is in progress.

Keeping all these drawbacks in mind, we have a proposed system which

overcomes all these problems. Instead of pressure sensor a unique technology
of ultrasonic sensor has been used which enforces the biker to wear the helmet
for starting as well as riding the bike and cannot bypass it by any means.
Moreover this system is RF based which not only has a long range but also
eliminates the problem of need of line of sight. Moreover RF based transmitter
and receiver can be moved while the data transmission is in progress.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:

The idea of our work is that a biker must wear a helmet in order to start his bike,
otherwise the bike won’t start. and an wireless communication is established
between the helmet and the locker system so as to confirm if the user has worn
the helmet after removal, also in case, the biker exceeds threshold speed. There
is an intimation using buzzer which indicates overspeeding.

The Smart Helmet:

Most helmet innovations today focus on a few things like adding an MP3 player
or wireless phone or even a flash light on top of it. But none of these features give
guarantee that they are meant to be used for bike rider’s safety. THE SMART
HELMET, on the other hand is based on one single idea i.e. to make it somehow
mandatory to wear it while riding a motorbike by the help of technology
implementation. This helmet, in practice, acts as a second key to the vehicle and
in turn increases security. Moreover as the rider can neither start nor run the
vehicle without wearing a helmet, it ensures that the rider has to wear the helmet
all the times while riding a vehicle.just in case the helmet is not worn even that
can be detected with the help of wireless communication which is formed by us
between locker and helemet

SYSTEM DESIGN
Smart helmet is an innovative concept which shuns out the possibility of starting
a bike without wearing the helmet. The helmet acts as the second key to a biker.
Besides, it also incorporates the advanced technologies of accident sensing which
on one hand informs the friends and family of the biker if, in case, he meets an
accident and on the other hand enables prompt medical attention to the victim.
The smart helmet consists of four main modules:

1) TRANSMITTER MODULE
2) RECEIVER MODULE
3) HELMET SENSING MODULE
4) SPEED SENSING MODULE
5) LCD MODULE

Transmitter Module:
A transmitter module is carried by the helmet. It consists of RF transmitter (434
MHz), encoder IC (HT12E) and TIP 122 as the main components.
 The transmitter module works only when there is conduction by SKIN
SURFACE POTENTIAL between the facial muscles. This conduction is made
by two connections; one originating from the positive terminal of a 12 volt battery
which is made to touch one side of the facial muscle through a conductive fabric
and the other connection is taken from the other side of the facial muscle using
conductive fabric and is fed to the base of TIP122

When a biker places the helmet on his head, conduction takes place through
surface skin potential. A small amount of current goes to a base of TIP 122 which
shifts its operating point from cutoff mode to saturation mode and pulls down its
collector voltage (VCC).the output is taken from the emitter of TIP 122 and is fed
to the data pin D4(PIN 10) of the encoder IC. The encoder encodes the data and
sends this bit stream to the transmitter from PIN NO 17 (Dout).this transmitter
transmits this data as an RF signal using ASK.

Receiver Module:
The transmitted signal sent by the transmitter is decoded and the valid data
transmission is checked out, which drives the relay and in turn the ignition of the
bike. As such the bike gets started.

Receiver module consists of following main components.

 Decoder IC
 Relay Module
HT12D IC decodes the encoded data received by the RF receiver. For valid
transmission, the decoder IC generates a bit stream which drives the relay.PIN 10
of HT12D IC is connected to the relay module by means of relay driver. The relay
driver acts as an Amplifier, which is transmitter (BC458).

The relay module is in turn connected to the ignition module of the bike. Wearing
the helmet causes valid data transmission due to which the relay turns on and
enables the biker to start his bike.

HELMET SENSING MODULE

Here a ultrasonic sensor is placed at the locker system which senses the presence
of helmet in the locker, till the helmet is present in lock system the bike ignition
doesn’t start up, only when the helmet is removed from the locker the bike starts
on valid key.
SPEED SENSING MODULE

A speed sensor will be attached near the front wheel of the bike which reads the
speed of the bike, when a threshold speed of lets say 60 kmph is exceeded a
messege is sent to family members of the rider.

LCD MODULE

LCD module is used to built a user system interface which helps us to display the
process which is done by our system and also serves as on mode on intimation.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Reciever:
Transmitter:

Methodology

 Sensor are connected to microcontroller which monitor the key and helmet
state.
 When the user inserts an key , before switching the ignition on the system
checks if the helmet is removed or not
 In case it remains in the same place the ignition fails to on , and it reminds
the user to pick up the helmet.
 And once the helmet is removed it waits for the user to wear the helmet
 Once the wireless communicating modules confirms that the helmet is
worn only then the ignision turns on.
 If the speed exceeds a Threshold speed which can be set to any limit is
reached the user gets an intimation indicating to slow down the vehicle.
Flowchart

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIRED

 Arduino IDE(software)
 Arduino UNO
  Ultrasonic
 Lock System
 Rotary Sensor
 LCD
 Speed Sensor
 RF Transmitter
 RF Reciever
 Limit Switch

CONCLUSION
1.Can be installed in every vehicle easily.
2. Guaranteed managed and secure environment.
3. Zero maintenance and cost efficient.
4. Accurate, convenient and fast operating.
5. Speed is monitored.
FUTURE SCOPE:
By addition of few specific sensors we can even detect accidents, drowsiness of
the user , slow down in specific zones etc
And also if necessary can intimate concerned person via SMS or mobile
Application.

REFERENCES
[1] F. Shaik, P. Jadhav, S. Bhandarkar, O. Kulkarni, N. Shardoor. “Two Step
verification for security purpose”International Journal of Computer Applications
(0975-8887) Volume 140-No. 12, April 2016.
[2] R. Yusnita, F. Norbaya, N. Basharudin. “Smart Lock system” International
Journal of Innovation, Management, and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 3, June 2012.
[3] Ayesha Haroon. ”Smart Helmet appliction” International Journal of
Technology and Research: Vol. 3, No 1 (2015).