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Chapter VI
ARCHAEOLOGY
the following aspects and spread over Section II, III and IV.
Cammiade and Burkitt (1930). This was concerned only with the
Early, Middle and Late Stone Ages, corresponding broadly with the
Age for those areas and assemblages where such tools could
The former had its parallels in Africa and Western Europe and the
was found to have flourished along side in the Soan valley. The
known.
tools, have been found extensively from the Siwalik Hills in the
discovery are the Western Ghats and the coastal region running
northeast India, and the Ganga plains. Claims for Acheulian finds
northeast India.
1951; Khatri 1958, 1961, Sen and Ghosh 1963; Singh 1965; Ahmed
1966; Sharma 1973; Jacobson 1970, 1975, 1976, Pal 1983; Semans
1981; Pant 1982; Kenoyer and Pal 1983; Sharma and Clark 1983;
Supekar 1968, 1985, Mishra 1986; Pandey 1987) the Deccan Plateau
Nagpur Plateau (Bose and Sen 1948; Mohapatra 1962; Ghosh 1970)
and the Eastern Ghats and the southeast coast (Soundara Rajan
1952; Isaac 1960; Murty 1966, 1981; Rao 1968; Reddy 1968; Reddy
(Dani 1964), Sohan valley <de Terra and Paterson 1939; Salim
around Didwana (Misra 1987a; Misra and Rajaguru 1986), and around
Budha Pushkar (Allchin et ai. 1974, 1978), in western Rajasthan,
1958, 1962b; Ahmed 1966; Pant 1982; Sharma and Clark 1983; Misra
Malik 1959; Paddayya 1968, 1974; Pappu 1974), and in the Eastern
Ghats (Isaac 1960; Murty 1966; Rao 1966; Reddy 1968; Reddy 1968;
R-»o 1979; Nanda 1984).
Middle Pal ftCO I £ Ph i C OCCiiji;) I. i mi!; i it :< •. 11 (■ r i -t I cit OjH'ii CL i V 6{
borers are the most common tool types of this period. These were
chips.
considerable distances.
Mesolithic
cultures:
' Four, the rich rock art of this period throws a valuable
al.1983; Cooper 1983; Pal 1986; Varma 1986), The Chota Nagpur
plateau (Ray 1975, 1985), the semi arid and rocky Deccan plateau
(Joshi and Bopardikar 1972; Sankalia 1974; Sali 1989), the Bombay
Reddy 1968; Reddy 1968; Rao 1979). Elsewhere they extended their
al. 1980).
the rest of the areas along the west coast Palaeolithic artefacts
with the lateritic gravels and basically most of them are surface
sites. The only known evidence of their stratigraphic occurrence
of lateritic material.
types like handaxes and cleavers have yet been found. The Middle
the west coast. On the east coast from Tamil Nadu to the Andhra
coastal areas both the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic cultures are
coastal region. The streams which drain into the Bay of Bengal
crossing the eastern slope of the low Eastern Ghats have yielded
Saurashtra and the sites on the east coast which have yielded
hundred years have proved that no region u.f India was totally
to mul t. i (I i i:c i f'l i n;ir y .'itudics curried curt in India during the
light in the inland regions all over India and the attempts have
been made to understand the ecology, chronology and general
men from time to time, for the variety of tools obtained in the
coastal region and those from the inland regions have identical
characters.
in Goa, that was made in 1964. Sali's survey of Goa in the Mid
Palaeolithic flakes and Arali and Fatorpa along the coast, had
Pleistocene.
discovered only one new Late Stone Age site at Rivona (1978).
Basin, though details of site location were not given and also
industry".
Kale (1983) are the most scientific and authentic works on the
region.
couple of caves.