METHOD OF

STATEMENT
PLATE LOADING TEST
RUNWAY 3, SOEKARNO-HATTA
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

TARUMANEGARABUMIYASA
 PLATE BEARING TEST
Runway 3
Soekarno Hatta International Airport
PT. PP (Persero)

Plate Bearing Test

1. Theory.
Modulus of subgrade reaction is a conceptual relation between soil pressure and vertical
deflection that has been widely used for structural design of a foundation. The use of the modulus of
subgrade reaction so-called k is usually used to design strip foundation, raft foundation, and road
pavements. Equation 1 expresses the relation of soil pressure and vertical deflection that forms the
modulus of subgrade reaction (k).
q
k= (1)

Where : q is (soil pressure), and
: δ is vertical deflection, respectively.

An example of the relation of q and δ is given in Figure 1 below. Please be noted that application
of hydraulic jack has recently replaced the load block and stacked plates in Figure 1. The current test
procedure and analysis have followed ASTM D-1194-94.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of plate bearing test.

PT. TARUMANEGARABumiyasa |1
 PLATE BEARING TEST
Runway 3
Soekarno Hatta International Airport
PT. PP (Persero)

In fact, the real k value is generally several times greater than that obtained from the field. This
is caused by the difference between dimensions of the future foundation and plate used for plate
bearing test. In order to confirm and check the applicability of field k value, some analyses and
discussion should be made. In this respect, the validation of field k value may come up with some trial
and error analyses for design purpose.

2. Procedure of test and analysis.

The main apparatuses used to conduct the plate bearing test is hydraulic jack of 30 ton in
capacity and circular steel plate of a certain diameter and 1” in thickness. The hydraulic jack equips 6
(six) dial gauges, 4 (four) gauges for downward deflections and 2 (two) gauges for upward deflections.
The last 2 (two) dials are optional and needed when the hydraulic jacks moves away the anchorage
system upwards. The plate bearing test has conformed ASTM D-1194-94.
There are 2 (two) phases in plate bearing test. The first one is loading phase in which every load
step is kept up to 120 minutes. The second phase is reloading the subgrade and any reduce in load
step is maintained up to 30 minutes. Selecting appropriate time of those 2 (two) phases can vary
depending on the subgrade condition. The estimation of field k value of a plate bearing test usually
considers the vertical deflection at 0.5 of yield pressure (the general method of analysis is given in
Appendix A).

3. Load Increment.
According to ASTM D1194, load increment was applied to the soil in cumulative equal
increments of not more than 1.0 ton/ft2 (95 kPa). or of not more than one tenth of the estimated
bearing capacity of the area being tested. accurately measure each load, and apply it in such a manner
that all of the load, and apply it in such a manner that all of the load reaches the soil as static load,
without impact, fluctuation or eccentricity.

PT. TARUMANEGARABumiyasa |2
 PLATE BEARING TEST
Runway 3
Soekarno Hatta International Airport
PT. PP (Persero)

4. Load Plan Calculation.

For testing using plate Ø 80 cm and using Enerpac 302 with maximum capacity of 30 tons, the
loading plan are below:
PLAT BEARING TEST
Project : Runway III
Location : Soekarno Hatta International Airport

Jack RCH 302 7.22 inch2

Area 46.6 cm2

Plate Size 80 cm
Plate Area 5027 cm2
100% Allowable Pressure 18.160 ton/m2
1.816 kg/cm2

Load Hydraulic Pressure Soil Pressure

%Load Load (ton) Kg/cm2 Psi kg/cm2
0% 0 0 0
25% 2.28 48.971 695.390 0.454
50% 4.56 97.942 1390.779 0.908
75% 6.85 146.913 2086.169 1.362
100% 9.13 195.884 2781.558 1.816
125% 11.41 244.855 3476.948 2.270

PT. TARUMANEGARABumiyasa |3
 PLATE BEARING TEST
Runway 3
Soekarno Hatta International Airport
PT. PP (Persero)

PT. TARUMANEGARABumiyasa |4
 PLATE BEARING TEST
Runway 3
Soekarno Hatta International Airport
PT. PP (Persero)

DOCUMENTATION

PT. TARUMANEGARABumiyasa |5
 PLATE BEARING TEST
Runway 3
Soekarno Hatta International Airport
PT. PP (Persero)

PT. TARUMANEGARABumiyasa |6
 PLATE BEARING TEST
Runway 3
Soekarno Hatta International Airport
PT. PP (Persero)

APPENDIX A
LOADING PLAN

PT. TARUMANEGARABumiyasa |
Project : Runway 3 Test No. :
Location : Soekarno Hatta International Airport Plate Size : Ø 80 cm
Plate Loading Test
Date : Maximum Load : 11,41 Ton Tested By :
Load Pressure Displacement (mm) Reaction (mm)
Durations Readings Average Average
%Load Load (ton) Kg/cm2 Psi Dial 1 Dial 2 Dial 3 Dial 4 Dial A Dial B
0% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 Minutes
30 Seconds
1 Minute
2 Minute
25% 2.28 48.98 695.55 15 Minutes
4 Minute
8 Minute
15 Minute
30 Seconds
1 Minute
2 Minute
50% 4.57 97.96 1391.10 15 Minutes
4 Minute
8 Minute
15 Minute
30 Seconds
1 Minute
2 Minute
75% 6.85 146.95 2086.65 15 Minutes
4 Minute
8 Minute
15 Minute
30 Seconds
1 Minute
2 Minute
100% 9.13 195.93 2782.20 15 Minutes
4 Minute
8 Minute
15 Minute
30 Seconds
1 Minute
2 Minute
4 Minute
8 Minute
125% 11.41 244.91 3477.75 60 Minutes
15 Minute
30 Minute
40 Minute
50 Minute
60 Minute
Project : Runway 3 Test No. :
Location : Soekarno Hatta International Airport Plate Size : Ø 80 cm
Plate Loading Test
Date : Maximum Load : 11,41 Ton Tested By :
Load Pressure Displacement (mm) Reaction (mm)
Durations Readings Average Average
%Load Load (ton) Kg/cm2 Psi Dial 1 Dial 2 Dial 3 Dial 4 Dial A Dial B
30 Seconds
1 Minute
2 Minute
100% 9.13 195.93 2782.20 15 Minutes
4 Minute
8 Minute
15 Minute
30 Seconds
1 Minute
2 Minute
75% 6.85 146.95 2086.65 15 Minutes
4 Minute
8 Minute
15 Minute
30 Seconds
1 Minute
2 Minute
50% 4.57 97.96 1391.10 15 Minutes
4 Minute
8 Minute
15 Minute
30 Seconds
1 Minute
2 Minute
25% 2.28 48.98 695.55 15 Minutes
4 Minute
8 Minute
15 Minute
0% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 Minutes
 PLATE BEARING TEST
Runway 3
Soekarno Hatta International Airport
PT. PP (Persero)

APPENDIX B
HYDRAULIC JACK SPESIFICATIONS

PT. TARUMANEGARABumiyasa |
 RCH-Series, Hollow Plunger Cylinders
Shown from left to right: RCH-306, RCH-120, RCH-1003
▼

Versatility in Testing,
Maintenance
and Tensioning
Applications
Pump and Cylinder Sets
All cylinders marked
with an * are
available as
sets (cylinder, gauge,
couplers, hose and pump) for your
ordering convenience.
Page: 54

Lightweight Aluminum
Hollow Plunger Cylinders
If you need a higher cylinder
capacity-to-weight ratio the
• Hollow plunger design allows for both pull and push forces lightweight RACH-Series
• Single-acting spring return Aluminum Hollow Plunger Cylinders are
the perfect choice.
• Nickel-plated, floating center tube on models over 20 tons
increases product life
Page: 16
• Baked enamel finish for increased corrosion resistance
• Collar threads for easy fixturing Saddles
• RCH-120 includes AR-630 coupler and has 1/4 NPTF port Most RCH-Series cylinders
are equipped with smooth
• RCH-121 and RCH-1211 have FZ-1630 reducer and saddles. See table at next
AR-630 coupler, all other models feature CR-400 coupler page for optional threaded
saddles and all dimensional
information.

Page: 27
▼ Hollow plunger cylinder RCH-1003 used in an application for intermediate boom
suspension on a dragline.
Cylinder Stroke Model Cyl. Oil
Capacity Number Effect. Cap.
Area
(tons)
[maximum] (in) (in2) (in3)
0.31 RCH-120 2.76 0.86
12 1.63 RCH-121* 2.76 4.49
[13.8] 1.63 RCH-1211 2.76 4.49
3.00 RCH-123 2.76 8.29
20 2.00 RCH-202* 4.73 9.46
[23.6] 6.10 RCH-206 4.73 28.67
30 2.50 RCH-302* 7.22 18.05
[36.1] 6.13 RCH-306 7.22 44.23
60 3.00 RCH-603* 12.73 38.20
[63.6] 6.00 RCH-606 12.73 76.41
100 [103.1] 3.00 RCH-1003* 20.63 61.88
* Available as a set. See note on this page.

26 www.enerpac.com
 Single-Acting, Hollow Plunger Cylinders
Hoses RCH
 nerpac offers a complete line
E
of high quality hydraulic hoses.
Series
To ensure the integrity of your
system, specify only Enerpac
hydraulic hoses.

Page: 114

Optional Heat Treated Hollow Saddles

Capacity:
Saddle Cylinder
Model No.
Saddle Saddle Dimensions (in) 12-100 tons
Type Model No. A B C
RCH-202, 206 HP-2015 2.11 1"-8 .38 A Stroke:
B
Threaded RCH-302, 306
Hollow
RCH-603, 606
HP-3015
HP-5016
2.49
3.61
1¼"-7
1⅝"-5½"
.38
.50
C .31-6.13 inches
RCH-1003 HP-10016 4.97 2½"-8 .51 Center Hole Diameter:
Smooth hollow saddles are standard on all RCH-models (12-ton models are not equipped
with saddles). .77-3.11 inches
Maximum Operating Pressure:
W
RCH-121 and RCH-1211 have a 1.88" diameter
boss that protrudes 0.25" from base.
J
O
10,000 psi
W
P
O
F K
P
Base Mounting Hole Dimensions (in)
F
X Model Bolt Circle Thread Thread
X B Number Depth
B U V Z
*3/8"- 3/8"- A
E A E RCH-120 2.00 5/16"-18 unc .35
18NPTF 18NPTF RCH-121 – – –
Z Z RCH-1211 – – –
H RCH-123 2.00 5/16"-18 unc .50
H
RCH-202 3.25 ⅜"- 16 unc .37
V RCH-206 3.25 ⅜"-16 unc .37
V RCH-302 3.63 ⅜"-16 unc .55
RCH-306 3.63 ⅜"-16 unc .55
Y U D RCH-603 5.13 ½"-13 unc .55
Y U D RCH-606 5.13 ½"-13 unc .55
RCH-1003 7.00 ⅝"-11 unc .75

RCH-120 to RCH-123 models RCH-202 to RCH-1003 models

* 1/4" NPT for RCH-120 only

Collap. Ext. Outside Cyl. Plngr. Cyl. Base Saddle Saddle Plunger Plunger Collar Collar Center Weight Model
Height Height Diam. Bore Diam. to Advance Diameter Protrusion Internal Thread Thread Thread Hole Number
Diam. Port from Plngr. Thread Length Length Diam.
A B D E F H J K O P W X Y
(in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (lbs)
2.19 2.50 2.75 2.13 1.38 .38 – – ¾"-16 un .63 2¾"-16 1.19 .77 3.2 RCH-120
4.75 6.38 2.75 2.13 1.38 .98 – – – – 2¾"-16 1.19 .77 6.2 RCH-121*
4.75 6.38 2.75 2.13 1.38 .98 – – ¾"-16 un .63 2¾"-16 1.19 .77 6.2 RCH-1211
7.25 10.25 2.75 2.13 1.38 .98 – – – – 2¾"-16 1.19 .77 9.8 RCH-123
6.38 8.38 3.88 2.88 2.13 .75 2.13 .27 19/16"-16 un .75 37/8"-12 1.50 1.06 17 RCH-202*
12.05 18.11 3.88 2.88 2.13 .75 2.13 .27 19/16"-16 un .75 37/8"-12 1.50 1.06 31 RCH-206
7.03 9.53 4.50 3.50 2.50 .85 2.50 .38 113/16"-16 un .88 4½"-12 1.66 1.31 24 RCH-302*
13.00 19.13 4.50 3.50 2.50 1.00 2.50 .38 113/16"-16 un .88 4½"-12 1.66 1.31 48 RCH-306
9.75 12.75 6.25 4.88 3.63 1.25 3.61 .50 2¾"-16 un .75 6¼"-12 1.91 2.12 62 RCH-603*
12.75 18.75 6.25 4.88 3.63 1.25 3.61 .50 2¾"-16 un .75 6¼"-12 1.91 2.12 78 RCH-606
10.00 13.00 8.38 6.50 5.00 1.50 4.97 .50 4"-16 un 1.00 83/8"-12 2.38 3.11 132 RCH-1003*

® 27
 PLATE BEARING TEST
Runway 3
Soekarno Hatta International Airport
PT. PP (Persero)

APPENDIX C
DIAL INDICATOR SPESIFICATIONS

PT. TARUMANEGARABumiyasa |
 Dial Indicator
SERIES 3, 4 — Large Dial Face and Long Stroke Type
(Refer to page VIII for details.)

• Dial gauges with a large-diameter

dial face to ease reading.
• All types come with limit pins and a
bezel clamp as standard.
3046S

3047S

3050S

3052S-19

3060S-19

3109S-10 3058S-19
4046S

3062S-19

DIMENSIONS
21.5 21
D E 9
ISO/JIS
Type
61.2

Unit: mm
A

Order No. A B C D
ø6.5 ±0.1 ø6.5 ±0.1
3046S 61.2 75.5 15.9 20.6
3047S 61.2 75.5 15.9 20.6
ø92

ø71
16
øH

16
øC

3050S 52.6 94 25.9 29.1

5 3052S-19 72.9 104.3 25.9 39.4 5
3058S-19 81.9 142.3 43.9 59.4
F 3060S-19 120.9 202.3 73.9 89.4
B

3062S-19 141.9 243.3 94.9 109.4

84

ø8 -0.009
0
F

ø4.8 3109S-10 61.2 79 25.9 14.1 ø8 -0.009

0
18.9
G

ø4.8
Note 1: Dimensions of the inch (ANSI/AGD Type) dial indicator partly differ
19.1

I from those of the metric (ISO/JIS Type) indicator.

M2.5×0.45
Note 2: Inch (ANSI/AGD Type) dial indicator is provided with a stem of 3/8" M2.5×0.45 4046S
dia. and #4-48UNF thread mount for the contact point.

F-30
 w/ damper at lowest w/ coaxial revolution
Schockproof type Jeweled bearing type
rest point counter

FEATURES SPECIFICATIONS
Metric Metric ISO/JIS type

Order No. Order No. Range Accuracy Repeat- Dial Measuring

— — Graduation
w/ lug Flat-back w/ lug Flat-back (range/rev) Overall Retrace 1/10 Rev 1 Rev ability reading force
3046S 3046SB — — — — — — 0.01mm 3046S 3046SB 10mm (1mm) ±15µm 5µm 8µm ±10µm 5µm 0-100 1.4N or less
3047S 3047SB — — — — — — 0.01mm 3047S 3047SB 10mm (1mm) ±15µm 5µm 8µm ±10µm 5µm 0-50-0 1.4N or less
3050S 3050SB — 4 — — — — 0.01mm 3050S 3050SB 20mm (1mm) ±20µm 7µm 10µm ±15µm 5µm 0-100 2.0N or less
3052S-19 3052SB-19 4 — 4 4 — — 0.01mm 3052S-19 3052SB-19 30mm (1mm) ±25µm 7µm 14µm ±18µm 5µm 0-100 2.5N or less
3058S-19 3058SB-19 4 — 4 4 — — 0.01mm 3058S-19 3058SB-19 50mm (1mm) ±30µm 9µm 15µm ±20µm 5µm 0-100 3.0N or less
3060S-19* 3060SB-19* 4 — 4 4 — — 0.01mm 3060S-19* 3060SB-19* 80mm (1mm) ±45µm 11µm — — 6µm 0-100 3.0N or less
3062S-19* 3062SB-19* 4 — 4 4 — — 0.01mm 3062S-19* 3062SB-19* 100mm (1mm) ±50µm 15µm — — 6µm 0-100 3.2N or less
3109S-10 3109SB-10 4 — 4 — — — 0.001mm 3109S-10 3109SB-10 1mm (0.2mm) ±6µm 4µm 3µm ±5µm 1µm 0-100-0 1.5N or less
4046S 4046SB — — — — — — 0.01mm 4046S 4046SB 10mm (1mm) ±15µm 6µm 8µm ±10µm 5µm 0-100 1.4N or less
*Use in a vertical position only.

Inch Inch ANSI/AGD type

Order No. Order No. Accuracy

Range Repeat- Dial Measuring
— — — Graduation
w/ lug Flat-back w/ lug Flat-back (range/rev)
First 1 Rev / 2.5 Rev / 10 Rev Retrace ability reading force
3414S 3414SB — — — — — — .001” 3414S 3414SB.5” (.1”) ±.001” / ±.001” / ±.001” .0002” ±.0002” 0-100 1.8N or less
3415S 3415SB — — — — — — .001” 3415S 3415SB.5” (.1”) ±.001” / ±.001” / ±.001” .0002” ±.0002” 0-50-0 1.8N or less
3416S 3416SB — — — — — — .001” 3416S 3416SB1” (.1”) ±.001” / ±.001” / ±.002” .0002” ±.0002” ±0-100 1.8N or less
3417S 3417SB — — — — — — .001” 3417S 3417SB1” (.1”) ±.001” / ±.001” / ±.002” .0002” ±.0002” 0-50-0 1.8N or less
3424S-19 3424SB-19 4 4 4 — — — .001” 3424S-19 3424SB-19
2” (.1”) ±.001” / ±.001” / ±.002” / ±.003” .00033” ±.0002” ±0-100 3.0N or less
(20Rev)
3426S-19 3426SB-19 4 4 4 — — — .001” 3426S-19* 3426SB-19* 3” (.1”) ±.001” / ±.001” / ±.002” / ±.003” .00033” ±.0002” ±0-100 3.0N or less
(20Rev) / ±.005” (Over 20Rev)
3428S-19 3428SB-19 4 4 4 — — — .001” 3428S-19* 3428SB-19* 4” (.1”) ±.001” / ±.001” / ±.002” / ±.003” .00033” ±.0002” ±0-100 3.2N or less
(20Rev) / ±.005” (Over 20Rev)
3802S-10 3802SB-10 4 4 — — — — .0001” 3802S-10 3802SB-10 .025” (.01”) ±.0001” / ±.0001” / — .0001” ±.00003” 0-5-0 2.0N or less
3803S-10 3803SB-10 4 4 — — — — .0001” 3803S-10 3803SB-10 .025” (.01”) ±.0001” / ±.0001” / — .0001” ±.00003” 0-10 2.0N or less
4887S-19 4887SB-19 4 4 4 — — — .001” 4887S-19* 4887SB-19* 3” (.1”) ±.001” / ±.001” / ±.002” / ±.003” .00033” ±.0002 ±0-100 3.0N or less
(20Rev) / ±.005” (Over 20Rev)
*Use in a vertical position only.

Optional Accessory
––––––: Contact points (See page F-36.)

DIMENSIONS

D E ANSI/AGD D E
I Type I
A
A

ø6.5 6.35 ø6.5 6.35

øH
øC

øC
16

16
øH

Unit: mm
D E D E Order No. A B C D E F G H I
I I
B

3414S 52.6 73.4 78 17.7 19 12.6 21.8 71 9

B

0
�ø9.52 0
-0.03 �ø9.52 -0.03
3415S 52.6 73.4 78 17.7 19 12.6 21.8 71 9
F
F

ø4.8
ø4.8 3416S 52.6 86.1 78 17.7 19 12.6 34.5 71 9
G
G

No.4-48UNF 3417S 52.6 86.1 78 17.7 19 12.6 34.5 71 9

A
A

No.4-48UNF
ø6.5 6.35 ø6.5 6.35 3424S-19 84 149.3 78 17.7 19 50.6 59.7 71 9
3426S-19 123 198.1 78 17.7 19 73.9 85.2 71 9
øH
øH
øC

øC

16
16

3428S-19 144 244.5 78 17.7 19 94.9 110.6 71 9 F

3803S-10 61.2 59.7 78 17.7 19 12.6 8.1 71 9
3802S-10 61.2 59.7 78 17.7 19 12.6 8.1 71 9
B

0
�ø9.52 -0.03 0
�ø9.52 -0.03 3052S-11 72.9 102.4 78 17.7 19 25.9 37.5 71 9
F

3058S-11 81.9 147.1 78 17.7 19 50.6 57.5 71 9

F

ø4.8
ø4.8
G

No.4-48UNF 4887S-19 123 198.1 92 21.5 19 66.9 85.2 71 9

G

No.4-48UNF

F-31
 PLATE BEARING TEST
Runway 3
Soekarno Hatta International Airport
PT. PP (Persero)

APPENDIX D
ASTM

PT. TARUMANEGARABumiyasa |
 Designation: D 1194 – 94
Standard Test Method for
Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load and Spread
Footings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers estimation of the bearing
capacity of soil in place by means of field loading tests. This
test method can be used as part of a procedure for soil
investigation for foundation design. It gives information on the
soil only to a depth equal to about two diameters of the bearing
plate, and takes into account only part of the effect of time.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
AR
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
EG
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This test method is used to estimate the bearing capacity
of a soil under field loading conditions for a specific loading
AN
plate and depth of embedment. The bearing capacity of a soil
is not simply a soil strength parameter, but it also depends on
the magnitude and distribution of the load, dimension, and
geometry of the loading plate and depth of embedment (or
M
elevation of testing). This bearing capacity can be used in soil
investigations and for the design of foundations.
U
3. Apparatus
3.1 Loading Platforms or Bins of sufficient size and
AR
strength to supply the estimated total load required or equiva-
lent means of supplying the total load reaction anticipated.
3.2 Hydraulic or Mechanical Jack Assembly of sufficient
capacity to provide and maintain the maximum estimated load
.T
for the specific soil conditions involved, but not less than 50
tons (440 kN) in any case, and at least one device, such as a
pressure gage, electronic load cell, or proving ring, for mea-
PT
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
Construction Control Tests.
Current edition approved March 15, 1994. Published May 1994. Originally
published as D 1194 – 52 T. Last previous edition D 1194 – 72 (1987)e1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
A
AS
IY
suring the force exerted by the jack. The force-measuring
devices should be capable of recording the load with an error
M
not exceeding 62 % of the load increment used.
3.3 Bearing Plates—Three circular steel bearing plates, not
BU
less than 1 in. (25 mm) in thickness and varying in diameter
from 12 to 30 in. (305 to 762 mm), including the minimum and
maximum diameter specified or square steel bearing plates of
equivalent area. As an alternative, three small concrete footings
of the size mentioned or larger can be cast in-situ. Such
A
footings must have a depth of not less than two thirds of their
width.
3.4 Settlement-Recording Devices, such as dial gages, ca-
pable of measuring settlement of the test plates to an accuracy
of at least 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).
3.5 Miscellaneous Apparatus, including loading columns,
steel shims, and other construction tools and equipment re-
quired for preparation of the test pits and loading apparatus.
NOTE 1—Testing assemblies may vary widely, depending on job
conditions, testing requirements, and equipment available. The testing
assembly and program should be planned in advance and approved by the
supervising engineer, and in general can permit considerable latitude in
details within the specific requirements noted above and outlined in the
following test procedure. A typical assembly for conducting load tests is
illustrated in Fig. 1.
4. Procedure
4.1 Selection of Test Areas—Base the selection of represen-
tative test areas for bearing tests on the results of exploratory
borings and on the design requirements of the structure. Unless
otherwise specified, make the load test at the elevation of the
proposed footings and under the same conditions to which the
proposed footings will be subjected. At the selected elevation
place the bearing plates at the same relative depths (depths
expressed in plate diameters) as the actual footing.
NOTE 2—For footings placed under permanently excavated basements
the depth of the actual footing is construed as the depth from the basement
level or depth over which the surcharge is permanently acting, rather than
the depth from the ground surface.
NOTE 3—If the mentioned condition of equal relative depth cannot be
met for practical reasons, the test results must be interpreted by using an
 D 1194 – 94
FIG. 1 Typical Setup for Conducting Static Load Tests
appropriate theory of bearing capacity. Also make corrections for the
effects of the shape and size of the footing and the effects of the water
table as appropriate.
4.2 Test Pits—At least three test locations are required, and
AR
the distance between test locations shall not be less than five
times the diameter of the largest plate used in the tests.
Carefully level and clean the areas to be loaded by the test
plates or footings so that the loads are transmitted over the
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entire contact areas on undisturbed soil. Prior to loading,
protect test pits and areas against moisture changes in the soil
unless it is expected that wetting of the soil will occur at some
future time, as in the case of hydraulic structures. In this case,
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prewet the soil in the area to the desired extent to a depth not
less than twice the diameter of the largest bearing plate.
4.3 Loading Platforms—Support the loading platforms or
bins by cribbing or other suitable means, at points as far
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removed from the test area as practicable, and preferably not
less than 8 ft (2.4 m). The total load required for the test shall
be available at the site before the test is started.
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4.4 Dead Load—Weigh and record as dead weight all
equipment used, such as steel plates, loading column and jack,
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etc., that are to be placed on the test area prior to the
application of the load increments.
4.5 Reference Beam—Independently support the beam sup-
porting dial gages or other settlement-recording devices as far
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as practicable, but not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) from the center of
the loaded area.
4.6 Load Increments—Apply the load to the soil in cumu-
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lative equal increments of not more than 1.0 ton/ft2 (95 kPa), or
of not more than one tenth of the estimated bearing capacity of
the area being tested. Accurately measure each load, and apply
it in such a manner that all of the load reaches the soil as a
static load, without impact, fluctuation, or eccentricity.
4.7 Time Interval of Loading—After the application of each
load increment, maintain the cumulative load for a selected
time interval of not less than 15 min.
NOTE 4—Longer time intervals may be determined by maintaining the
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load until the settlement has ceased or the rate of settlement becomes
uniform. However, maintain any type of time interval so selected for each
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load increment in all tests of any series.
4.8 Measurement of Settlement—Keep a continuous record
of all settlements. Make settlement measurements as soon as
possible before and after the application of each load incre-
ment, and at such equal time intervals, while the load is being
held constant, as will provide not less than six settlement
measurements between load applications.
4.9 Termination of Tests—Continue each test until a peak
load is reached or until the ratio of load increment to settlement
increment reaches a minimum, steady magnitude. If sufficient
load is available, continue the test until the total settlement
reaches at least 10 % of the plate diameter, unless a well-
defined failure load is observed. After completion of observa-
tions for the last load increment, release this applied load in
three approximately equal decrements. Continue recording
rebound deflections until the deformation ceases or for a period
not smaller than the time interval of loading.
NOTE 5—The following alternative loading procedure is also permis-
sible: Apply the load to the soil in increments corresponding to settlement
increments of approximately 0.5 % of the plate diameter. After the
application of each settlement increment, measure the load at some fixed
time intervals, for example, 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 4 min, 8 min, and 15 min,
after load application, until the variation of the load ceases or until the rate
of variation of the load, on a load versus logarithm-of-time scale becomes
linear. Continue loading in selected settlement increments. Termination of
tests and unloading are made in the same manner as in 4.9.
5. Report
5.1 In addition to the continuous listing of all time, load, and
settlement data for each test, as prescribed in Section 3, report
all associated conditions and observations pertaining to the
test, including the following:
5.1.1 Date,
5.1.2 List of personnel,
5.1.3 Weather conditions,
5.1.4 Air temperature at time of load increments, and
 D 1194 – 94
5.1.5 Irregularity in routine procedure. loading plate do not allow for the repetitive duplication of test
results required to obtain a meaningful statistical evaluation.
6. Precision and Bias The subcommittee is seeking pertinent data from users of this
6.1 The precision and bias of this test method for determin- method which may be used to develop meaningful statements
ing the bearing capacity of soil in place by means of a field of precision and bias.
loading test has not been determined. No available methods
provide absolute values for the bearing capacity of soil in place 7. Keywords

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against which this method can be compared. The variability of
the soil and the resulting disturbance of the soil under the 7.1 bearing capacity; bearing plate; deflection; settlement

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