LARUTAN ELEKTROLIT, NON-

ELEKTROLIT, DAN REAKSI

REDOKS

What are the component of solutions?

The component of solutions are solvent and solute. Solvent is the

component of a solution which dissolves the other component in itself. A
solvent constitutes the larger component of the solution. Solute is the
component of solution which dissolves in the solvent is called solute. The
solute is the smaller component of the solution. For example:
Fill the blank with solute or solvent
1. A solution of sugar in water.
Sugar as __________________ Water as __________________
2. A solution of iodine in alcohol
Alcohol as __________________ Iodine as __________________

CREATIVE THINKING
Answer the following question!
1. Look at the following table. This table showed the result of an
experiment about electrical conducticity.

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 a. Mention the liquid that can coduct electricity?
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b. Mention the liquid that can coduct electricity?
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c. So, (connect with the correct definition)

Any salt or ionizable molecule

Electrolyte that, when dissolved in solution,
will give that solution the ability
Solutions to conduct electricity.

Non-electrolyte Compounds that do not ionize at

all in solution, so it will not
Solutions conduct electricity.

2. At the table no.1, Why there are some of solutions that can turn on the
lamp but it’s in the dim light, but some of them in the bright light?
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3. What the differences between strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte?
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4. How the way NaCl in the water can conduct electricity?
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5. Why glucose (sugar) in the water can not conduct electricity?
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6. Choose several significant electrolytes that play important roles in the
body. (Give thick (√) on your answer)
Sodium ( ) Magnesium ( )
Hidrogen ( ) Oksigen ( )
Potassium ( ) Calcium ( )

The Connection between electrical conductivity and the type of

chemical bonding
Ion compounds is a compound which has ionic bond, while covalent
compounds is a compound which has covalent bond. Covalent compound is
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divided become polar covalent compound and nonpolar covalent
compound. Look at the following picture.

NaCl and NaOH are ion componds, but CH3COOH and HCL are polar
covalent compounds. How about glucose and alcohol? They are non-polar
covalent compounds. So ion compounds and polar covalent compounds are
electrolyte compounds, but non-polar covalent is non-electrolyte
compounds.

COLLABORATIVE
Do it with your desk mate.
1. Write the ionization reaction af the following compounds:
a. NaOH
b. Na2CO3
c. CaCl2
d. (NH4)2S)4
e. HNO3
f. CH3COOH
g. HCOOH
2. Fiil the blank in the table with chemical formula of every cation and
anion.
Na+ Mg2+ H+
Cl-
OH- H2O
Br-
NO3- HNO3

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 CRITICAL THINKING
1. Explain the differences of electrolyte solutions and non-electrolyte
solutions.
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2. What the differences between strong electrolyte solutions and weak
electrolyte solutions
Differences Strong electrolyte Weak electrolyte
Ionization
Netral molechule
The amount of ion
Conduction elctricity
power

COMMUNICATIVE
Identify the following compounds into strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte
or nonelectrolyte!
a. H2O
b. KCl
c. HNO3
d. CH3COOH
e. C6H12O6
Share the result of your answer to your desk mate!

CONFIDENCE

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1. Why do runners worry about losing electrolytes?
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2. How to keep the number electrolyte in optimum level in our body?
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3. Jika kalian diberikan suatu senyawa yang dapat larut dalam air, jelaskan
bagaimana kalian menentukan apakah senyawa tersebut elektrolit atau
nonelektrolit? Jika senyawa tersebut merupakan zat eketrolit,
bagaimana kalian menentukan apakh ia termasuk elektrolit kuat atau
elektrolit lemah?
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What is Redox Reactions?

Redox is Reduction and Oxidation. In the real life redox happen in iron
bricks and it happen when the color of apple slices turn to brown. There are
some meanings of reduction and oxidation reaction.
1. Redox concept based on the binding and releasing of oxygen.
Oxidation is when a substance receive/binding oxygen
Reduction is when a substance release oxygen
2. Redox concept based on the binding and releasing of electron.
Oxidation is when a substance releasing electron
Reduction is when a substance receiving/binding electron
3. Redox concept based on the increasing/decreasing of oxidation number.
Oxidation is the reaction of decreasing oxidation number.
Reduction is the reaction increasing oxidation number.

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CREATIVE THINKING
1. Determine the following reaction based on the type of reaction
(oxidation/reduction)
a. 3S(s) + 2 KClO3(aq)  2KCl(aq) + 3 SO2(g)
b. 2CuO(s)  2Cu(s) + O2(g)
c. CH4(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g)
d. 2PbO2(s)  2PbO(s) + O2(g)
e. 2Zn (s) + O2 (g)  2ZnO (s)
2. Fill the box with reduction or oxidation.
2Mg(s) + O2(g)  2MgO(s)

a. The reductor is __________________________

b. The oxidator is __________________________
3. Write the total reaction of the both half reactions:
Half oxidation reactions : Zn(s)  Zn2+(aq) + 2e-
Half reduction reactions : Cu2+(aq) + 2e-  Cu(s)
Total reaction :

COLLABORATIVE
Do the following questions with your desk mate
1. Determine substance that experience oxidation, reduction, as oxidator,
and as reductor from the following reactions:
a. PbO(s) + H2(g)  Pb(s) + H2O(l)
b. 2CuS(s) + 3O2(g)  2CuO(s) + 2SO2(g)
c. ZnO(s) + C(s) Zn(s) + CO(g)
2. Determine half reactions from the following reactions. And then show
the oxidator and reductor.

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 a. Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq)  MgCl(aq) + H2(g)
b. Cl2(g) + 2 Br-(aq)  2 Cl-(aq) + Br2(l)
c. F2(g) + 2 KCl(aq)  2 KF(aq) + Cl2(g)

CRITICAL THINKING

Oxidation Number

Aturan penentuan bilangan oksidasi unsur adalah:

a. Unsur bebas (misalnya H2, O2, N2, Fe, dan Cu) mempunyai
bilangan oksidasi = 0.
b. Umumnya unsur H mempunyai bilangan oksidasi = +1, kecuali
dalam senyawa hidrida, bilangan oksidasi H = –1.
Contoh:
- Bilangan oksidasi H dalam H2O, HCl, dan NH3 adalah +1
- Bilangan oksidasi H dalam LiH, NaH, dan CaH2 adalah –1
c. Umumnya unsur O mempunyai bilangan oksidasi = –2, kecuali
dalam senyawa peroksida, bilangan oksidasi O = –1
Contoh:
- Bilangan oksidasi O dalam H2O, CaO, dan Na2O adalah –2
- Bilangan oksidasi O dalam H2O2, Na2O2 adalah –1
d. Unsur F selalu mempunyai bilangan oksidasi = –1.
e. Unsur logam mempunyai bilangan oksidasi selalu bertanda
positif.
Contoh:
- Golongan IA (logam alkali: Li, Na, K, Rb, dan Cs) bilangan
oksidasinya = +1
- Golongan IIA (alkali tanah: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, dan Ba) bilangan
oksidasinya = +2
f. Bilangan oksidasi ion tunggal = muatannya.
Contoh: Bilangan oksidasi Fe dalam ion Fe2+ adalah +2
g. Jumlah bilangan oksidasi unsur-unsur dalam senyawa = 0.
Contoh: - Dalam senyawa H2CO3 berlaku:
2 biloks H + 1 biloks C + 3 biloks O = 0
h. Jumlah bilangan oksidasi unsur-unsur dalam ion poliatom =
muatan ion.
Contoh: - Dalam ion NH4+ berlaku 1 biloks N + 4 biloks H = + 1

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Do the Following questions!
1. Determine the oxidation number of the underlined element:
a. MnO4-
b. H2O2
c. H3PO4
d. Cu(NO3)2
e. NH4NO2
2. Check the following reaction are redox reaction or not!
a. 2NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b. 2 Fe + 6 HCl  FeCl2 + 3H2
c. Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI  PbI2 + 2 KNO3
3. Determine the reductor and oxidator from the following reactions:
a. Na(s) + H2O (l)  NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
b. Mg(s) +H2S(g)  Mg2S(s) + H2(g)
c. Al(s) + Cl2(g)  AlCl2(g)

COMMUNICATIVE
- Do the following questions
- And then read your answer in front of the class.
1. Write the name for the following compounds formula:
- KBr - FeCl3
- CaO - FeSO4
- Fe2O3 - CO
- CO2
2. Write the formula of the following compounds:
a. Besi(II) sulfida
b. Timah (IV) nitrat
c. Besi(III)karbonat
d. Magnesium sulfat
e. Natrium sulfit
f. Kalium nitrat
g. Natrium nitrit
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CONFIDENCE
Do the following questions and then read your answer confidently in
front of the class.
1. Bagaimana proses penyepuhan logan seng oleh emas, tulis reaksi redoks
yang terjadi!
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2. Tumpahan minyak mentah di pengeboran lepas pantai menyebabkan
pencemaran air laut sehingga mengganggu ekosistem laut. Menurut
pendapat Anda, tindakan apakah yang paling tepat untuk mengatasi
masalah tersebut?
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EXERCISES
1. Mengapa jika akan memperbaiki gangguan listrik, kaki tidak boleh basah
dan harus bersepatu karet? Jelaskan!
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2. Jika zat berikut ini: NaOH, KCl, H2SO4, C6H12O6, CO(NH2)2, HCl, KOH,
CH3COOH, CCl4, NH3 dilarutkan dalam air, manakah yang tergolong
a. Larutan nonelektrolit
b. Larutan elektrolit kuat
c. Larutan elektrolit lemah
3. Jelaskan mengapa air hujan jika diuji hantaran listriknya oleh uji
elektrolit lampunya tidak menyala, tetapi air laut lampunya menyala.
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4. Manakah dari senyawa berikut yang termasuk senyawa ion atau
senyawa kovalen? Jelaskan!
a. KCl d. H2C2O2
b. HNO3 e. NaOH
c. CaCl2
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5. Suatu senyawa diketahui memiliki ikatan kovalen. Senyawa ini tidak
dapat menghantarkan listrik. Apakah jenis ikatan kovalen yang dimiliki
senyawa ini? Jelaskan!
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6. Apakah padatan NaCl dapat menghantarkan listrik? Jelaskan!
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7. Tulislah reaksi ionisasi dari senyawa berikut!
a. HCl
b. H2SO4
c. CH3COOH
d. HNO3
e. NH3
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8. Larutan NaOh dan HCl merupakan larutan elektrolit lemah atau kuat?
Jelaskan!
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9. Air termasuk zat elektrolit yang sangat lemah, bahkan dalam uji daya
hantar listrik ia tidak menunjukkan adanya gelembung gas yang
marupakan tanda minimal suatu zat dapat menghantarkan arus listrik.
Akan tetapi mengapa kita selau dinasihati agar tidak menjalankan alat-
alat listrik ketika tangan kita basah? Jelaskan!
MA BILINGUAL MUSLIMAT NU CHEMISTRY 10 10
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10. Air cuka dan HCl keduanya merupakan larutan elektrolit yang bersifat
asam. Apakah kita dapat menggunakan HCl sebagai pengganti air cuka
dalam makanan kita? Jelaskan!
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11. Tentukan oksidator dan reduktor dengan 3 cara (penerimaan/pelepasan
elektron, kenaikan/penurunan bilangan oksidasi, dan pengikatan/
pelepasan oksigen) dari persamaan reaksi berikut.
a. ClO2(aq) + H2O(l)→ HClO3(aq) + HCl(aq)
b. (NH4)2Cr2O7(aq)→ N2(g) + 4 H2O(l) + Cr2O3(s)
c. Mg(s) + CuSO4(aq)→ MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
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12. Berilah nama terhadap senyawa berikut ini:
a. Al2SO4 d. NaBr
b. H3PO4 e. MgCl2
c. HClO4
13. Tentukan reduktor dan oksidator pada reaksi redoks berikut.
a. K(s) + H2O(l)→ KOH(aq) + H2(g)
b. Ca(s) + Cl2(g)→ CaCl2(s)
c. Al(s) + O2(g)→ Al2O3(s)
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14. Pada reaksi elektrolisis timbal (II) bromida, terjadi reaksi:
Pb2+ + 2e-  Pb
2Br-  Br2 + 2e-
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 Di antara dua proses tersebut, mana proses oksidasi dan proses reduksi?
Jelaskan alasannya!
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15. Tentukan bilangan oksidasi unsur yang bergaris bawah!
a. Na2Cr2O7 d. K2O
b. S2O3 e. Mg3(PO4)2
c. KMnO4
16. Apa yang dimaksud dengan reaksi disproporsionasi? Dan beri contoh!
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17. Tunjukkan dengan bilangan oksidasi, reaksi berikut termasuk redoks atau
bukan!
(Bila redoks, sebutkan oksidator, reduktor, hasil oksidasi, dan hasil
reduksinya!)
a. KMnO4 + H2SO4 + H2O ⎯⎯→ MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O + O2 (belum setara)
b. 2 Na + 2 H2O ⎯⎯→ 2 NaOH + H2
c. ZnS + 2 HCl ⎯⎯→ ZnCl2 + H2S
d. Na2B4O7 + H2SO4 + 5 H2O ⎯⎯→ Na2SO4 + 4 H3BO3
e. 2 KI + Cl2 ⎯⎯→ I2 + 2 KCl
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18. Tuliskan setengah reaksi dari reaksi redoks berikut serta tentukan pula
oksidator dan reduktornya!
a. 2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2 SO3(g)
b. 2FeCl3(aq) + H2S(aq)  2FeCl2(aq) + S(s)
c. 2KClO3(aq) + 3S(s)  2 KCl(aq) + 3 SO2(g)
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19. Tulis rumus kimia dari senyawa-senyawa berikut:
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 a. Kalium manganat(VII)
b. Asam sulfat(IV)
c. Belerang(VI) oksida
d. Kalium klorat(V)
e. Kromium(III) perklorat
f. Amonium sulfat
20. Bagaimanakah reaksi senyawa redoks pada Logam Alumunium yang
larut dalam Asam Sulfat menghasilkan Al2(SO4)3 dan gas hydrogen
lengkap dengan fasenya?
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21. Bagaimanakah reaksi senyawa redoks pada logam Magnesium yang
bereaksi dengan Asam Klorida lengkap dengan fasenya!
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22. What is the balanced form of the following redox reaction?
Al(s) + H+(aq)  Al3+(aq) + H2(g)
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23. Pada persamaan reaksi redoks:

Tentukan harga koefisien reaksi a, b, dan c.

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24. Pada persamaan reaksi redoks

Tentukan harga koefisien a, b, c, d, e, dan f adalah ….

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