Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Being a researcher.
Select sources. Read critically. Reference.
Structuring Information.
Write logically and cohesively.
• provides evidence
• strengthens and supports the argument
• shows our dependence on others’ scholarship
• shows honesty, openness, and integrity
• allows readers to follow up interesting leads
• separates the work of others from our
own opinions and interpretations
• assists us to monitor our own learning.
• Research
2 • What do others know? What is the evidence?
Presenting evidence
Paraphrase
Reported
(indirect)
Summary
References
Quoted
Quotation
(direct)
Kinds of evidence
Thomson & Droga (2012, p. 77) tell us that
evidence in supporting sentences might be of five
different kinds:
1. Qualitative description – qualities, characteristics
2. Empirical description – facts based on
experience and observation, statistics
3. Sequential explanation – historical events,
processes
4. Causal explanation
5. Reports on research by others
* What kinds of evidence were used by Arkoudis et al.?
ACADEMIC SUCCESS | ALLaN TEAM
Slide 10
‘Reporting’ verbs
Paraphrase Summary
Similar in length, sometimes Shorter than the original – may be
slightly longer than the original one paragraph or just a few words
Conveys all the information in a Conveys the main points
different form
Use different vocabulary, word forms and phrases, change from active
to passive voice.
Order the ideas differently.
Must include a citation to credit the source.
How to Paraphrase
Original
As the sea becomes warmer some of the water plants can no longer
grow in the sea and begin to die and as a result many fish lose their
main food source and die also. This will in turn affect other sea
creatures who will also die.
Johanson, B. (2002). The global warming desk reference. Westport and London: Greenwood Press. (p. 233)
Paraphrase 1
When the sea gets warmer some water plants can’t grow any more and
they start to die and so a lot of fish lose their main food source and die
too. This then results in other sea creatures also dying (Johanson, 2002,
p. 233).
(Thomson & Droga, 2012, p. 83)
Original
As the sea becomes warmer some of the water plants can no longer
grow in the sea and begin to die and as a result many fish lose their
main food source and die also. This will in turn affect other sea
creatures who will also die.
Johanson, B. (2002). The global warming desk reference. Westport and London: Greenwood Press. (p. 233)
Paraphrase 2
Rising sea temperatures will inhibit the growth of some water plants and
eventually cause their death. This will subsequently cause the death of
many small fish and ultimately other sea creatures because of the loss
of their main source of food (Johanson, 2002, p. 233).
(Thomson & Droga, 2012, p. 83)
Attempted paraphrase:
The scientific community is concerned crop yields are decreasing due to poor
air quality, leading to estimated financial losses of between 1 and 5 billion
dollars annually (Fishman, 1990, p. 191).
Getting Started.
Organise. Analyse. Plan.
Being a researcher.
Select sources. Read critically. Reference.
Structuring Information.
Write logically and cohesively.
Study resources
References
Weblinks