Medieval

India
A Textbook for Class XI

MEENAKSHI JAIN

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NCIERT

\(I~:q ~ ~'C:TA 3tR" JlftratVT qRlSj~

NATIONAL COUNCll OF EDUCATIONAl RESEARCH AND TRAINING
 CONTENTS

FOREWORD
PREFACE

INTRODuCTION
India after Harsha: An Overview-Rise of New
Kingdoms-Other Developments-Cultural and
Religious Trends-Art and Literature-Material
Prosperity
RECONSTRUCTING MEDIEVAL 1ND1A
Transition from the Ancient to the MedievalPertod-
Sources of Study-Growth of Historiography-
ColonialTrends-Modern Developments
STRUGGLE FOR CHAKRAVARTITVA
Gurjara Pratiharas- ThePalas- The Rashtrakutas-
Nature of Polity
THE WORLD OF ISLAM
The Land and the People-Muhammad- The New
Community-Islam after Muhammad-Arab
Expansion-The Frontier States of al-Hind-Sind-
Kabul, Zabul-Rise of Ghaznavids-Mahmud
Ghazni-The Ghurids-Causes ofTurkish Success
THE INDIAN KINGDOMS
Kingdoms of North India-The Chandellas of
Jejakabhukti or Bundelkhand- The Paramaras of
Malwa-The Chahamanas or Chauhans of
Sakambhari-The Kalachuris of Tripuri-The
Chalukyas of Gujarat-Kashmir
NORTH-EASTERN AND EASTERN STATES
Assam-Bengal-orissa, Kalinga
. THE DECCAN AND THE SOUTH
Chalukyas of Kalyani- The Eastern Chalukyas-
The Yadavas ofDevagiri-The Kakatiyas-Dynasties
of South India -The Chola Empire-Hoysalas- The
Later Pandyas-Overview '
FOUNDING OF THE DELHI SULTANATE
The Mamluks '-The Shamsi Dynasties-Raziya
and Other Successors-Ghiyasuddin .Balban-
 x

'lbeory ofKingship-End ofMamluk Rule~Nobility

Under the Mamluks ,
Tm OEl,IU SULTANATE -11 70-88
The Khaljis-Alauddin Khalji-Mongols-Nobility
Under the Khaljis-The Tughlaqs-Ghiyasuddin
Tughlaq-Muhammad bin Tughlaq-Transfer of
Capltal-Token Currency-The Khurasan and
achil Projects- Taxation in the Doab-Revolts-
Revolt ofthe Amrin-i-Sada-Religious Beliefs-
Shah Tughlaq-Expeditions-Mongols-
dttary Assignments-Religious Orientation-
ty Under the Tughlaqs
THE VtJAYANAGAR AND BAHAMANI KINGDOMS 89-97
Eoundlng of Vijayanagar- Vijayanagar -Bahamani
nfllcts-Bahamani Kingdom-Climaxand Decline
Ytjayanagar-Contribution
TWIUGHT YEARS 98-107
ur's Invasion-The Sayyids-The Lodis-
!sitltegration of the Sultanate-The Eastern
e tons-Bengal, Kamarupa, Orlssa-Western
-Gujarat-Malwa-Mewar-Marwar-Amber-
,-west and North India-Jaunpur-Kashmir
MY IN SULTANATE TIMES 108-113
ltural Production-Rural Classes-Agrartan
n-Iqtas-N on -Agricultural Production-
erce-Slavery-Currency
AND RELIGIOUS TRENDS 114-128
nate Architecture-Early Structures -
ecture Under the Khaljls lind Tughlaqs -
,'Later Monuments-Language and Llterature-
Persian Literature-Sanskrlt and Hindi
,\' Literature-Fine Arts-Cultural Encounter -Links
, wlth the Caliph -Conversions-Bhakti Movement":
, The Varkari Path-Saguna Bhakti-Birth of
, Sikhlsm-Other Sects-8ufi Movement .
" 1'3.' ',' FOUNDATION OF MUGHAL RULE 129-137
Bapllr-Indian Encoun ters- Panlpa t-Khan ua-
-~--- - Afghans Again-Assessment-Humayun-The
~, ''\: ~ . Mghan Interregnum-Sher Shah- The Rajput
Challenge-Administratfve Measures-Land
~ Revenue Under Sher Shah
14. INDIA UNDER AKBAR '138-156
Early Conquests and Uprisings-Akbar and the
Rajputs-Fatehpur Sikri-Further Conquests-
Akbar and the Deccan":ImperialIdeology-Religious
 xi

Evolution-Composition ofthe Nobility-Mansabdäri

System-Land Grants-Land Revenue and Methods
of Assessment-Magnitude of Revenue Demand-
Rural Taxes other than Land Revenue
CONSOLIDATION OF MUGHAL RULE
Jahangir-The Deccan-The Sikhs-Religious
Disposition-Nur Jahan-Succession-Shah
Jahan-The Southern Frontier-The North-West-
Pol1ticalCulture-The Sikhs-Nobility under Shah
Jahan-War of Succession
CLIMAX AND DISINTEGRATION
Aurangzeb- The Revolts of the Jats, Satnamis.
Sikhs and Rajputs- The Jats - The Satnamis-The '
Sikhs-Other Uprisings-The Rajput Rebellion-
Nobility under Aurangzeb- Tbe Rise of European
Pol1ticalPower
THE DECCAN IMBROGLIO
Rise of the Marathas-Shivaji-Shaista Khan-Sac1{
of Surat-Treaty of Purandar-Visit to the Mughal
Court-Coronation and Contribution-The Arrival
of Prince Akbar-Bijapur and Golconda-The
Marathas Revisit~d-Marathas after Aurangzeb
&rATE OF THE ECONOMY
Tbe System ofAgricultural Production-South lndia
- The Position of Zamindars- The Peasant Armed-
Slave Trade-Inland Trade-N on -agricultural
ProducUon-T~e Advent of European Trading
Compapies-European Companies and New
Trading Centres-The Growth of Urban Centres-
TechnologtcalProgress-Population-Prtces-Wages-
Money
CULTlJRAL AHn RELIGIOUS PATTERNS
Architecture- Tbe Akbari Monuments-Jahangir's
208-~21
, "I
ContribuUon-Tbe Zenith under Shah Jahan-
Decline-Medieval Palaces and Buildings-Mughal
Painting-Music-Literary Developments-Bhakti
Movement Continu~s
GLossARY 222-224
BJBUOGRAPHY 225-228