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They regard a Person as a criminal when be or she fas the law, whether oF not such person has been caught, tried, found guilt ha punished. The mere fact that people ha transgressed determines that they af crit tals This means that those persons whose See are harmful and detrimental 10 3 Individual of the community, are ulso ‘garded as criminals, The norms and values iy human conduct sre sed. as criteria 10 lubel persons #8 {pplied by the commus hminals oF non-ri CCriminological approach guity of antisocial impose punishment ‘= Person has commited a crime oF 1S fochawour «« Not recessary 10 prove his of her gultor 4.4 THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE “The administration of justices an important aspect in criminological stucis, since it refers {o those institutions that work with the ‘riminal throughout the justice system. 1m ther words, it refers tothe operations of the police, the courts and the Department of oeectional Services. These operations com. tence the moment that a crime is reported {o the police and end when a. prisoner is foally feleased from prison. This includes the investigation of a crime, the tracing and the arresting of @ criminal (police), the prosecution, trial and pronouncing of sen- {nce (courts) and the detention, treatment ini release of prisoners (Correctional Ser~ vices) “The criminologist is thus not interested in the administrative aspects of the judicial System, but rather in the handling of the ‘lfendér through the judicial process. Impor- ant aspect in this egard are how the police full their function in connection with the TaNtstgation of a crime, the tracing of the ‘riminal, the aims and goals of punishment, the individualising of punishment, the cor auences of punishment forthe criminal, the Grextment, rehabilitation and release of prisoners, the aftercare of prisoners and the Question regarding alternative sentences ‘These all refer tothe functions of the police, the courts and the Department of Correc: tuonal Services. ‘Administration of justice Police 1 Cours of lave 1 Department of Corectional Senvices 1.4.1 The police “The South African Police Service is nations police service and an independent State Bepariment. The Commissioner of Police is fesponaible 0 the Minister of Law and Order. ‘Ratoni uo the Police Act, the funetons of fhe police are fo preserve internal security, tnsittain law and order and investigate crime fs well as prevent it