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palatum (palate)
partly osseus, partly soft tissue partition that
separates the digestive and respiratory passage
the oral side of hard palate is covered by rugae
palatinae. in ruminants these ridges carry papillae
that directed caudally to guide food backward
▪ papilla mechanica:
1. papilla filiformes
2. papilla conicae
3. papilla marginales
▪ papilla gustatoria:
1. papilla fungiformes
2. papilla vallatae
3. papilla voliatae
mechanical papillae are more numerous than the
gustatory papillae
3 4
4 2 4
1
1 1 6
4
6
7
5
3
4
6
2 7
Diverticulum gastrium Saccus coecus
omasum
rumen
reticulum
abomasum
the curvatura major (greater curvatura) is the convex,
ventral border of the stomach extending from the
cardia to the pylorus
Sacus dorsal
cardia
Reticulum
Saccus caudo-ventral
Saccus ventralis
The large stomach dominates the abdominal
topography of ruminants by occupying almost the
whole left half of the abdomen and a substantial part
of the right half
Rumen
rumen fills the entire left half of the abdomen and
crosses the midline into the right half with its
caudoventral portion
its extends from the diaphragm cranially to the
pelvic inlet caudally
rumen has a parietal surface (facies parietalis),
adjacent to the diaphragm and the left lateral and
ventral abdominal wall and a visceral surface,
against the liver, the intestines, the omasum and
the abomasum
The rumen is divided into several portions by
inflections of the walls, pilae ruminis (pillar of the
rumen), which project into the lumen. Those
portions are:
1. saccus ventralis
2. saccus dorsalis
3. saccus cranialis/atrium ruminis
4. saccus caecus caudodorsalis
5. saccus caecus caudoventralis
the subdivisions are visible on the external surface
as grooves, that correspond to the position of all
hese folds
Omasum
▪ Lies within the intrathoracic part of the abdomen to the right of
the ruminoreticular compartment. It communicates with the
reticulum through the ostium reticulo-omasicum (reticulo-omasal
opening) and with the abomasum through the large ostium
omaso-abomasicum.
▪ The omaso-abomasal opening is flanked by two mucosal folds
(vela abomasica), which are able to close this opening to prevent
reflux of the ingesta from the abomasum into the omasum
Bovine omasum Section of a bovine omasum
Abomasum
▪ it can be divided also into fundus, corpus, pylorus
▪ After the last centrifugal loop of the spiral, ascending colon then
continues to distal loop and join the transverse colon