AP Geography

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Physiography of Andhra Pradesh
• Location : South-East of India (with reference to India map )
• South Asia (with reference to world map)
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• Bounded by Madhya Pradesh and Orissa in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the east, Tamil
Nadu and Karnataka in the south and Maharashtra in the west.
MP & Orissa
Maharashtra Bay of Bengal
TN & Karnataka
• Situated in Northern Hemisphere
• Situated on the Deccan Plateau
• Indian Standard Longitude 82 1/2 0 East longitude passes through Kakinada

Formation of Andhra Pradesh
• Andhra state was formed on Oct 1st, 1953 with Kurnool as capital by unifying the Telugu
districts that were separated from unified Madras state, as a result of fast-unto-death by Sri
Potti Sriramulu
• Due to state recognition under linguistic grounds, Telangana region of Hyderabad state was
merged with Andhra region and formed Andhra Pradesh on Nov 1st, 1956
• AP was the 1st state in India that was formed under linguistic grounds
• Later in 1960 due to Pataskar Commission’s decision large part of Tiruttani Taluka of Chittor
district was given to Tamil Nadu and some villages of Tiruvallur Taluka of Tamil Nadu were
added to Andhra Pradesh
• Telangana became 29th state of India with Hyderabad as its capitl on June 2,2014
• Andhra Pradesh is composed of two regions: Coastal Andhra, located along the Bay of Bengal,
and Rayalaseema, in the inland southwestern part of the state.
• These two regions comprise 13 districts, with 9 in Coastal Andhra and 4 in Rayalaseema.
• There were only 20 districts when AP was formed (Nov 1st, 1956). Later Praksham district on
Feb 2, 1970, Rangareddy district on Aug 12, 1978 and Vizianagaram district on June 1, 1979
were formed ➔ Total : 23 districts (before bifurcation of AP)

Key points:
• Andhra Pradesh ➔'Sunrise' state on the lines of Kerala to attract the industry and investments
into various fields.
• Capital – Amaravathi (The People’s Capital)

• Amaravathi foundation ceremony – Oct 22nd, 2015 @ Uddandarayunipalem village in Guntur

district
• Total area of the Andhra Pradesh capital region has been increased to 8352.69 sq.km from the
existing 7068.20 sq. km.
• Capital City Area – 375 sq.km
Area:
• At the time of formation - 160,205 km2

• Andhra Pradesh is the 8th largest state in the country in terms of geographical area with
162,760 sq km (after merging 7 mandals of Khammam District in AP)
Seven mandals included in Andhra Pradesh:
Kukkanur
Velerupadu
VR Puram
Chinthanur
Koonavaram
Bhadrachalam (excluding Bhadrachalam temple)
Burgampadu

• Coastal Andhra – 95.47 thousand sq.km
Area - 95.47
Area – 67.29
• Rayalaseema – 67.29 thousand sq.km

• Andhra Pradesh shares 4.96 % of Indian territory

Area – 4.96%
• Largest district – Ananthpur ➔ 19,130 sq.km

• Smallest district – Srikakulam ➔ 5,837 sq.km
Population (2011 Census)
• AP Population – 4,95,77,103
• Male – 248 lakhs
• Female – 247 lakhs
• 4.10% of total population in India
• Rank – 10th (in terms of population)
• Growth in Population (2001-2011) – 9.21%
Density of Population
• AP – 304 persons per sq.km

• India – 368 persons per sq.km

Forests
Andhra Pradesh State - Symbols
• Animal - Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)

• Tree – Neem
• Flower – Jasmine
• Fruit – mango

• Bird – Rose-ringed Parrot
• Emblem – Purnakumbham
• Aquatic animal – Dolphin

• Sport – kabaddi
• Dance – Kuchipudi
• Language – Telugu
➢ Telugu Language Day (Telugu Bhasha Dinotsavam or "day of the Telugu tongue") is
celebrated on 29 August each year in Andhra Pradesh, India.
➢ This date was chosen to coincide with the birthday of the Telugu poet Gidugu Venkata
Ramamurthy.
• Song – Maa Telugu Talliki
Shankarambadi Sundarachari gave the state anthem (1975) “ Maa Telugu Talliki, Malleypu Danda”

Akashavani Bhavan @ Vijayawada ➔ Pingali Venkaiah Bhavan
Coastal Andhra
• 9 districts
• Srikakulam – Vizianagaram – East Godavari – West Godavari – Krishna – Guntur – Prakasam –
Nellore
• Area – 95,470 sq.km
• Fertile Deltas ➔ Godavari, Krishna and Penna
• Contributes major portion in terms of food production and commercial crops
• Rice Bowl of India ➔ AP
• Rice Bowl of AP → East Godavari
• Agriculturally well developed region
• Highest concentration of population


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Rayalaseema
• 4 districts
• Chittoor – Cuddapah – Kurnool – Anantpur
• Area – 67,291 sq.km
• Density of population → very less due to droughts and famines
Coast Lines
• Total coast line – 974 km

• 2nd place in India
974 km
Coast Line

• Longest coast line – Srikakulam ➔ 200 km
• Shortest coast line – West Godavari ➔ 20 km
Borders of Districts
Name of the District Borders

Srikakulam (shares border with Only 1 district) Vizianagaram
Vizianagaram (2 districts) Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam
Visakhapatnam (2 districts) Vizianagaram and East Godavari
East Godavari (2 districts) West Godavari and Krishna
Krishna (2 districts) West Godavari and Guntur
Guntur (2 districts) Prakasam and Krishna
SPS Nellore (3 districts) Prakasam, Cuddapah and Chittoor
Chittoor(3 districts) Cuddapah, Anantapur and Nellore
Anantapur (3 districts) Kurnool, Cuddapah and Chittoor
Kadapa (5 districts) Prakasam-Nellore-Chittoor-Kurnool-Anantapur
Kurnool (3 districts) Cuddapah, Anantapur and Prakasam

Hilly
region
Plateau Plains
AP
(3 REGIONS)
Coastal Plains
• Stretches from Eastern Ghats to Bay of Bengal
• Covers 9 districts
• Extends from Srikakulam to Nellore District

• Geographical location of plains extends from Srikakulam and Southern Pulicat lake at the
height of 150m against the sea level
• Most of the plains are very fertile ➔ formed by Krishna and Godavari
• Coastal plains are narrow in the Northern and Southern Districts to a width of 60 km

• Some of the Eastern Ghats in the form of sea nacks penetrated into sea where it extends over a
length of about 950 kms from Mahendragiri in the north to Pulicat lake in the south
• Kolleru lake spreads in an area of 250 sq.km over Krishna and West Godavari Dts

• Godavari delta is known as “Konaseema”
• Width of central delta is 150 kms
• Visakhapatnam land slides → Yarada hills on the sea coast apread over Visakhapatnam is giving
natural protection to Visakhapatnam port (located in the Nothern Coastal Plain) → This place is
also known as Dolphin Nose

• Penna river formed a small delta area in Nellore Dt @ Southern Coastal Plain ➔ extended over
a length of about 250 kms
• Pulicat lake (salt water lake )is formed at the merging point of Penna river into sea

Eastern Ghats:
• Location → between Western side of coastal plain and Eastern side of Deccan Plateau
• Eastern Ghats in the North are called “Eastern Ranges”

• Eastern Ghats in the South are called “Kadapa Ranges”
• Eastern Ghats are at maximum height in Chintapalli (Paderu)
• Eastern Ghats extended over a breadth of 60-70 km in the North with a height of 1200 m
• Mostly composed of Charnockites and Khondalite rocks
• The lowest height hills are merging with Dolphin nose at Visakhapatnam
• Height of Dolphin Nose – 335 m

• Papikonda ranges spread over Godavari districts ➔ Avg height of these ranges – 915 m
Highest Peaks in Eastern Ghats
✓ Jindhagada → 1690 m @ Araku

✓ Aroma → 1680 m @ Chintapalli
✓ Mahendragiri → 1501 m @ Ganjam, Odisha
Districts – Boundaries
District Boundary
Srikakulam Odisha
Vizianagaram Odisha
Visakhapatnam Odisha
East Godavari Odisha, Chattisgarh
West Godavari Chattisgarh, Telangana
Krishna Telangana
Guntur Telangana
Prakasam Telangana
Kurnool Telangana, Karnataka
Ananthpur Karnataka
Chittoor Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
Nellore Bay of Bengal
Cuddapah Land locked district

Rock Systems
Archean Rock System
• Most ancient rock system

• No fossils zone
• 2/3 rd of these rocks is occupied by “Neese”
• Iron – manganese – copper – lead – gold
Dharwar Rock System

• Tranformed rock forms of ancient residual rocks

• Occupied by Neese and Sishts
• Crude Iron
• Extended upto Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari Dt
Kadapa Rock System
• Ancient residual rocks

• Quartz – sandstone – limestone – non fossil marble
• Extended in Cuddapah and Kurnool Dt
• Iron – manganese – copper – cobalt – nickel – asbestos –barytes – steatite
Kurnool rock system
• Metallic minerals are not found

• Sandstone – limestone – shalles
• Ornamental stones and raw material for the production of glass
Deccan Trap
• Formed in the last period of mesozoic age known as creteshius time by expulsion of lava
through the fissules of earth’s crust
• Basalt rocks
• Extended over Prakasam and Guntur
✓ Plesitocene soil system is extended from Srikakulam to Nellore ➔ All coastal districts

Climate
✓ Climate of AP → troipcal rainy and tropical steppe
✓ AP → tropical zone b/n tropic of cancer and equator
• Highest avg temperature – 31.5 Deg celsius

• Summer temperature in Rentachintala – 46 Deg celsius

• Lowest avg temperature – 18 Deg celsius ➔ experienced at Horsley hills @ Madanapalli
• North-East monsoon in AP ➔ June to September

Monsoons in AP
Summer Season Match to Mid June

South West monsoon Mid June to September
Retreating South West monsoon Oct, Nov, Dec
Winter Season Jan, Feb
• SW monsoon – 2/3rd rainfall : SWM – starts in 2nd week of June

• Rayalaseema receives more rainfall from NE monsoon
• AP → More rainfall in the month of July
• Heavy rainfall ➔ Seeleru and Shabari valleys : 140 – 152 cm
• Low rainfall ➔ Hagari river valley: < 51 cm
• Tropical cyclones occur in Bay of bengal b/n 8-14 Degree North laltitudes → in the last week of
October
• Least temperature → lambasingi
• October is saod to be the transitional period b/n rainy season and winter
• Retreating SW Monsoon → heavy rains in Nellore – southern coastal districts

Soils
• AP land belongs to ancient earth formation with gracitoidnice rock formation
Alluvial Soils (Delta Area)
• Krishna – Godavari –Penna – Vamsadhara

• Fertile land
• Alluvial soil @ Godavari – Limestone + Potash

• Alluvial soils → Rice and Sugarcane – high yield crops
Black Soils (Cotton)
Deep black soils Adoni & Aluru → Kurnool

Unclassified black soils W.G, Krishna, Guntur, Mid-kurnool, NW Cudapah,
Thadipatri division of Anantpur
• Other crops – Maize – Bajra – tobacco – turmeric – chillies
Red Soils
• Less fertile
• Nitrogen and phosphorous is less
• Barren lands → Ex: Rayalaseema
• Red gram – green gram – horse gram – groundnut – castor

Laterite Soils (Red Chalk soils)
• LS @ heap and high areas → Satyavedu, Puttur (Chittoor dt)
• LS near to coastal areas

East Godavari Ellavaram and Peddapuram
Nellore Kavali, Kovvuru,Guduru, Sullurpet
Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam Sea coast areas
• Laterite soils (less fertile)→ Nitrogen is found in large quantity

• Occupy very less area in AP
• Tamarind – cashew – mango

Forests
• Biggest forest → Nallamala forests
Highest area -
Kadapa dt
(5052.90 sq.km)
Least area -
Krishna dt
(644.52 sq km)

Highest and lowest in terms of percent in forest area
• Highest – Visakhapatnam dt
• Lowest – Krishna dt
Geographical Extent
NORTH
SIMHACHALAM Hills
WEST
Balaghat Hills
SOUTH
Palakonda and
Nallamala Hills

Types of Forests
Forests
Moist Dry with short Sea coast Tidal
Deciduous deciduous thron forests forests
trees
Moist Deciduous forests
• Receives maximum rainfall → 125 cm to 200 cm

• Forests in AP → Deciduous forests
• Geographical extent → Srikakulam , Visakhapatnam, Agency areas of East Godavari Dt
Dry Deciduous forests
• Avg rainfall → 75 cm to 100 cm

• Geographical extent → Kadapa and Kurnool
Forests with short thorn trees
• Rainfall → less than 70 cm

• Geographical extent → Kadapa, Kurnool, Chittoor, Ananthapur
Tidal forests
• Mangrove trees grow in this area

• In AP, tidal forests are also called as Koringa forests

• Located at faces of Krishna and Godavari rivers
Social forests
• Taken up on large scale in 6th five year plan
Wild animal sanctuaries
• Total – 16
• Area – 74,10,088 sq km
• Included 3 National Parks
Name of Wild Animal Sanctuary Location (District)

Koringa East Godavari
Kolleru West Godavari, Krishna
Krishna Krishna, Guntur
Rajiv Gandhi (Tiger Reserve) Kurnool, Prakasam and Guntur
Rollapadu Kurnool
Gundla Brahmeswara Kurnool, Prakasam
Srilanka Malleshwara Kadapa
Nelapattu Nellore
Pulicat Nellore
Koundinya Chittoor
Sri Venkateswara (1st Bioreserve in AP) Chittoor, Kadapa
Sri Venkateswara National Park Chittoor, Kadapa
Rajiv Gandhi National Park Kadapa
Papikonda National Park East Godavari
Kambalakonda Visakhapatnam

Sri Penushila Narasimha Nellore and Kadapa
✓ Tiger reserve – Nagarjunasagar, Srisailam Tiger Reserve

✓ Elephant reserve – Koundinya sanctuary and Royal elephant reserve
✓ Biosphere reserve – Seshachalam
✓ 2 Zoological parks → Indira Gandhi Z.P (Vizag) and Sri Venkateswara Z.P (Tirupathi)
✓ 1st ex-situ Biodiversity Park of AP → Dolphin Conservation Society @ Visakhapatnam
Deer Parks
• Kandaleru D.P → Nellore Dt

• Chittoor reserve forest D.P
• Kotappakonda → Guntur Dt

Rivers
Imp rivers of AP
o Godavari
o Krishna
o Tungabhadra
o Penna
o Vamsadhara
Godavari
• Biggest of all rivers that flow in AP

• Other names → Dakshin Ganga, Old Ganga , Indian Rhine
• Originates at Triyambakeswar
• Length – 1465 km
• Divided into 7 smaller branches in East and West Godavari Dts
1) Gowthami → merges into Bay of Bengal @ Yanam

2) Vashista → merges into BoB @ Antarvedi
3) Vinateya → @ Komarigiripatnam
4) Tulya @ Bendamoorlanka

5) Bharadwaja @ Bendamoorlanka
6) Koushika
7) Athreya
• Imp Tributaries – Manjeera | Pranahita | Indravathi | Kinnerasani | Sabari | Seeleru
• Godavari flows at a breadth of 2.7 kms at Rajahmundry
• Sir Arthur Cotton built a dam at Godavari @ Dhawaleswaram in 1852

Krishna
• Originates at Mahabaleswar @ Western Ghats in Maharashtra
• Merges with Tungabhadra at Sangam in Kurnool Dt → flows through Kurnool, Guntur and
Krishna Dts and merges in Bay of Bengal at Hamsaladeevi

• Length of krishna river – 1400 kms

• Length of Krishna river in Telangana and AP – 720 km
• Most imp tributary of krishna – Tungabhadra
• Nagarjuna Sagar was built on the river Krishna near Nandikonda

• Srisailam hydroelectric power station was built on Krishna
• Krishna splits into 2 branches at Puligada, 64 kms lower to Vijayawada and merges into Bay of
Bengal

• Between the 2 branches of Krishna “Diviseema” is located
Tungabhadra
• Biggest and most imp tributary of Krishna
• Originates in Varaha mountains of Western Ghats

• Merges into Krishna river at Sangameswaram in Kurnool Dt

• Biggest tributary of Tungabhadra – Hagari

Penna
• Other name – Pinakini, Penneru

• Originates at Nandidurga Hills

• Enters into AP in Anantapur Dt

• Merges into Bay of Bengal at Vutukuru in Nellore Dt
• Penna → chief source of water in Rayalseema Dts

• Somasila dam was built on Penna near Nellore
• Forms a gorge @ Gandikota in Kadapa dt
Vamsadhara
• Originates in Jayapur hills @ Odisha

• Enters AP at Pathapatnam of Srikakulam Dt
• Vamsadhara is the biggest of the rivers born in Eastern Ghats

• Merges into Bay of Bengal at Kalingapatnam
• Imp tributary – Mahendratanaya

Nagavali
• Other name – Langulya

• Originates in Rayagarh hills @ Odisha
• Enters AP in Srikakulam Dt
• Merges into Bay of Bengal at Mopasu bandar
• Imp tributary – Janjavathi → Asia’s 1st Rubber dam was built on this river
Machkhand
• Originates in the Madugula hills @ VSKP Dt

• First flows in the Northern direction and later turns towards the east and enters into Odisha
• Duduma waterfalls is located on this river
• Other name – Matsya Kundala
Gundlakamma
• Originates in the Nallamala forests in Kurnool Dt
• Merges into sea at Devarampadu village

Arani
• Also known as Araniyar

• Rises at Sadasivakonda in the Narayanavanam Protected Forest @ Chittoor Dt
• Flows initially in south direction and later in east direction to join Southwest tip of Pulicat lake
in Minjur block, Thiruvallur Dt and then into Bay of Bengal
Champavathi
• Originates near Andra village
• Joins Bay of Bengal near Konada

• 4 tribuatries → Eduvampula Gedda, Chitti Gedda, Pothula gedda and Gadi Gedda
• Denkada check dam was constructed near Saripalli, Vizianagaram Dt
• Tarakarama Thirtha Sagaram and Kumili dam were constructed
Cheyyeru
• Tributary of Penna
• Formed by the confluence of Bahuda and Pancha rivers ➔ join at Rayavaram to form Cheyyeru
and joins Penna @ Gundlamada in Kadapa Dt

• Balarajupalle Gorge
• Cheyyeru series of rocks in Kadapa rock system ➔ we can find SHALES here
• Projects constructed on Cheyyeru → Cheyyeru project + Annamaya Dam; Togurpet Project
Chitravathi
• Puttaparthi is located on the banks of Chitravathi
• Originates at Chikkaballapur
• Joins Penna at Gandikota in Kadapa dt

Gosthani
• East flowing river in AP

• Originates in Anantagiri hills of Eastern Ghats into Bay of Bengal
• Flows for 120 km before joining Bay of Bengal through an estuary near Bheemunipatnam
• Much of the basin is covered by Khondalite group of Gneissic rocks

• 3% of total area of Visakhapatnam Dt is under Gostani basin
Kundu
• Originates in Uppalapadu @ Kurnool Dt

• Merges with Penna @ Adinimmayapalli
• Known for frequent floods → Kundu : “Sorrow of Nandyal”
• In ancient times Kundu river is known as “Kumudvathi”

• Valley of Kundu is known as “Renadu”
Papagni
• Originates in Nandi Hills of Chikaballapur Dt

• Joins Penna near Kamalapuram
Sabari
• Main tributary of Godavari
• Originates in Sinkaram hill ranges @ Odisha

• Also known as Kolab river
• Sileru river → major tributary of Sabari

Sileru
• Tributary of Sabari
• Originates in AP and also flows through Odisha before merging with Sabari
• Sileru (known as Machkand in its upper reaches) joins Sabari at tri-junction point boundary of
AP, Chattisgarh and Odisha
Swarnamukhi
• Holy Hindu temples of Tirumala and Srikalahasthi are located in Swarnamukhi basin
• It was mentioned as “Mogaleru” in the works of Dhurjati
• Kalyani dam was constructed on its tributary “Kalyani” river

Tammileru
• Forms boundary between Krishna and West Godavari Dt

• Drains into Kolleru lake
• Tammileru dam was constructed
Vedavathi
• Rises from Western Ghats

• Flows through Karnataka and AP
• Vedavathi is also called as “Hagari” in some parts of AP
• Veda and Avathi arise in the eastern part of Sahyadri Hill range, flows east and joins near Pura
to form Vedavathi

• Vani Vilasa Sagar reservoir was constructed → also known as “Marikanive” – 1st dam built by
M Vishweswariah
• Suvarnamukhi confluences with Vedavathi and Koodlahalli → considered as “Punyabhumi”
• Bhairivani Tippa reservoir was built
• Vedavathi is a tributary of Tungabhadra and joins Tungabhadra near Siruguppa

Important Irrigation Projects

Project River Place Districts covered
Nagarjuna Sagar Krishna Nandikonda Prakasam – Guntur -
Krishna
Prakasam Barrage Krishna Vijayawada Krishna
Sir Arthur Cotton Godavari Dawaleswaram E.G
Barrage
Somasila project Penna Somasila Nellore
Tungabhadra South Tungabhadra Karnataka Rayalaseema
and North Canals
Vamsadhara Vamsadhara Gotta and Neradi Srikakulam
Polavaram Godavari Polavaram (W.G) West Godavari

Telugu Ganga Krishna Srisailam Kurnool-kadapa-
chittoor-nellore
Sri Sailam Project Krishna Sri Sailam Kurnool-Kadapa
Sunkesula Tungabhadra Sunkesula Kurnool
Pulichentala Project Krishna Pulichentala Krishna-Guntur-
Prakasam-W.G.
Pattiseema Project Links Godavari and Pattiseema Krishna-Guntur-
Krishna Prakasam

Irrigation:
• Krishna water allocation - 512.040 TMC

• Projects – 4
✓ Telugu Ganga Project
✓ Handri Niva Srujala sravanthi
✓ Galeru Nagari Srujala Sravanthi
✓ Veligonda
Above projects are based on the surplus water as per Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal and are
in advanced stage of completion.
✓ Existing utilization under Godavari is to the extent of 308.703 TMC
Minor Irrigation:
• 40,817 tanks serving an ayacut of 25.60 lakh acres

• 35,376 tanks transferred from Panchayat Raj department with an ayacut of 8.01 lakh acres) are
under Minor Irrigation
• 5th Minor Irrigation Census 2013-14: 10.54 lakh minor irrigation sources
Groundwater:
• Divided into 748 watersheds

• Purpose: estimation of groundwater resources

• Neeru-Chettu Mission is a sub-mission of Primary Sector Mission

• Important aspects of the mission - Water Conservation and Water management
Govt has set a goal to keep the ground water levels between 3 to 8 meters below ground level
✓ 52% of the area in the State is showing water levels more than 8 meters
✓ 34% of the area reflected the water levels between 3 to 8 meters
✓ 14% of the area with 0-3 metres groundwater level
 Geo tagging: 15.09 lakh bore wells

Agriculture
Area under foodgrains
o 2017-18: 40.72 lakh hectares

o 2016-17: 39.70 lakh hectares
o Increase of 2.57%
Total production of foodgrains
o 2017-18: 157.59 lakh tonnes

o 2016-17: 149.16 lakh tonnes
o Overall increase – 5.65%
Cropping Intensity
o 2016-17: 1.25
Number of holdings
o Increased from 72.16 lakh in 2005-06 to 76.21 lakh in 2010-11
Innovative interventions:
✓ Soil test reports @ drone based cloud technology

✓ Soil health cards Improved income levels
✓ Testing of soil samples of farmers
✓ Reducing Micro nutrient deficiency
✓ Guidance from knowledge partners like ICRISAT
✓ D- Krishi
Soil Health Cards
• Andhra Pradesh stood first for the second consecutive year in the country by distributing Soil
Health Cards the farmers with soil test based recommendations

• State government has achieved saturation in soil testing

• Through drone based cloud technology, soil test reports are made available in real time for
farmers in the state.
• During 1st cycle of soil health card scheme 13.48 lakh soil samples were analyzed and 54.28
lakh soil health cards were distributed to the farmers.
• The 2nd cycle of soil health card scheme i.e from 2017-18 and 2018-19 is under progress.
Global Seed Hub
• To ensure the availability of quality seed with low cost to every farm holder in the State
• Entered an MoU with renowned University in the USA
• Allotted an amount of Rs. 650 Cr. to develop the Mega Seed Park in 579 acres at Tangadancha
Agriculture farm in Kurnool District
D- Krishi
• Unique, simple, sustainable, secure and standard and user friendly mobile based DBT solution
offered to farmers
• This Application has received CSI Nihilent Best e-Governance Award during the year 2017-18
Horticulture:
Root and tuber crops, ornamental crops, plantation crops like coconut, cashew and cocoa etc
• Area - 15.92 Lakh Ha
• Production – 268.57 lakhs MT
• Area under microirrigation - 20.60 lakh acres ➔ benefiting 6.25 lakh farmers
• A.P. ranks 2nd in Cashew, Mango and Sweet Orange
• A.P. ranks 2nd in Micro Irrigation area coverage
• A.P. stands 2nd in the country in silk production
• A.P. stands at 1st position in productivity for Chillies, Cocoa, Lime, Oil Palm, Papaya and Tomato
• A.P. Ranks 1st in area and production of fruits and spices

2017-18:
➔ 7500 acres of Mulberry is brought in to cultivation
➔ Nov 2017 : 26952 MTs of CB Cocoons and 4676 MTs of BVH Cocoons are produced

Livestock and Fisheries:
 Andhra Pradesh is one of the advanced states for Animal Husbandry sector in the country
 Key growth engines : Livestock Milk, Meat and Egg
 Milk is the single largest commodity contributing highest economy to the State
 Fodder is being provided to livestock at the doorsteps of the farmers below poverty line (BPL)
with 50% subsidy ensuring fodder security under Kutumba Vikasam
 Focus on livestock sector to ensure that every household has a monthly income not less than
Rs.10,000
 Improved fodder seed will be supplied 75% subsidy to the farmers to take up largescale fodder
production to meet the fodder requirement of high yielding animals
Rankings of AP
o 2nd in Egg production (1582.74 Crores) ➔ 1st position : Tamil Nadu

o 4th in Meat production (6.32 lakh Metric Tons) ➔ 1st position : Uttar Pradesh
o 5th in Milk production (121.77 Lakh Metric Tons) ➔ 1st position : Uttar Pradesh
o 1st in total fish and shrimp production
✓ Fisheries, occupies an important place in the Socio-economic development of sunrise Andhra

Pradesh State
✓ AP ranks 1st in total fish and shrimp production and contributes more than 70% of cultured
shrimp produced in the country
✓ 6th in aquaculture production (1.57 million tons) (FAO Report 2012)
✓ AP is the largest shrimp exporter in the country
✓ Fisheries sector is supporting employment to 14.5 lakh persons
✓ Initiated plans to make Andhra Pradesh the ‘Aqua Hub’ of the World
✓ 2017-18: 27.49 lakh tonnes of fish and prawn were produced
✓ Chandranna Bima is being implementing by the Government to cover insurance facility for the
people in unorganized sector including fishermen with nominal premium.
Production of fish/prawn:
o 2017-18 : 27.49 lakh tonnes

o 2005-06: 8.14 lakh tonnes
o Target : 33.84 lakh tonnes

This became possible because of the large scale involvement of farmers who were driven by robust
market especially in Kolkata and North-Eastern states took up intensive pisciculture in the delta areas of
the state. The state aims to be the Aqua Hub of the World.

This became possible because of the large scale involvement of farmers who were driven by robust
market especially in Kolkata and North-Eastern states took up intensive pisciculture in the delta areas of
the state. The state aims to be the Aqua Hub of the World.
District with highest net cultivation Guntur

District with lowest net cultivation Visakahapatnam
District with highest gross cultivation West Godavari
District with lowest gross cultivation Anantapur
Highest area of cultivation West Godavari
Lowest area of cultivation Kadapa
Crops – District Wise Rankings

Paddy
✓ Rice Bowl of AP – East Godavari

✓ West Godavari replaced it → 1st place in Production and Area of production
✓ 1st place in productivity – Nellore
✓ In Andhra, Kharif crop is planted b/n June and October → Crop comes in Nov and Dec
✓ Rabi crop is planted b/n Nov and Jan → Crop comes in Mar-Apr
Jowar
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Kurnool

✓ 1st place in Productivity – Guntur
Sajja
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Prakasam

✓ 1st place in Productivity – Nellore

Ragi
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Visakhapatnam

✓ 1st place in Productivity – Anantapur
Corn
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Guntur

Millets

✓ 1st place in Productivity – Kurnool
Redgram

Bengalgram

Blackgram
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Krishna

Tobacco

✓ 1st place in Productivity – Prakasam
Cotton

Sugarcane
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Visakhapatnam

Red Chilli

Onion

Turmeric

Groundnut
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Anantapur

✓ 1st place in Productivity – Anantapur
Coconut
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – E.G

✓ 1st place in Productivity – E.G
Sesame
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Vizianagaram

✓ 1st place in production – Kadapa
Sunflower
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Kadapa

Mango
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Chittoor

✓ 1st place in Production – Krishna
Grapes
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Anantapur

✓ 1st place in Production – Anantapur

Banana

✓ 1st place in Production – Kadapa
Cashew

✓ 1st place in Production – E.G
Guava
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Krishna
Sapota
Papaya
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Kadapa
Lemon
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Nellore
Soyabeans

✓ 1st place in Production – Guntur
Potato
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Chittoor

✓ 1st place in Production – Chittoor
Cabbage
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Srikakulam
Ladiesfinger
Brinjal
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – E.G.

Leafy vegetables
Peas
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – W.G.
Research Laboratories
✓ Cotton Research Laboratory → Nandyala

✓ Sugarcane Research Laboratory → Anakapalli
✓ Chilli Research Laboratory → Lam
✓ Onion Research Laboratory → Erraguntla
✓ Oil technology research centre → Anantapur

Industries
Industrial Development
• 1st state in India to take up initiative in bringing A.P. Single Window Clearances system under
e-Biz project of National e-Governance plan of Govt of India
• Andhra Pradesh MSME Development Corporation Corpus : Rs. 100 cr
✓ Andhra Pradesh has occupied the 1st position in Ease of Doing Business Rankings with 96.75%
implementation percentage
✓ Government has organised 3 partnership summits in the year 2016, 2017 and 2018
✓ During the first summit 328 projects committed MoUs with an investment worth Rs.4,67,577 cr.
and employment of 9,58,896
✓ During the 2nd Partnership Summit held in Visakhapatnam on 27th- 28th January 2017, 665
MoUs were signed by the Government of Andhra Pradesh with an investment potential of
Rs.10,54,594 cr and a possible employment of 22,34,096
✓ During the 3rd Partnership Summit held in Visakhapatnam on 24th – 26th February 2018,
734 MoUs were signed by the Government of Andhra Pradesh with an investment potential of
Rs 4,39,765 crore and a possible employment of 11,02,125
Summit Investment Employment

1st (328 projects) Rs.4,67,577 cr 9,58,896
2nd(665 MoUs) Rs.10,54,594 cr 22,34,096
3rd (734 MoUs) Rs 4,39,765 cr 11,02,125
➢ Chennai Bangalore Industrial Corridor is one of the mega Infrastructure projects of Government
of India which passes through the State
Main Objective: Increase the share of manufacturing sector in the GDP of the country and to
create smart sustainable cities which will have worldclass infrastructure, convenient public
transport, power management and an efficient water and waste management system
Vizag Chennai Industrial Corridor
➔ It is a key part of the planned East Economic Corridor and India’s first coastal corridor and the
extent of it is considered from Pydibheemavaram in Srikakulam district to Chennai in Tamilnadu
➔ Nearly 800-kilometer corridor links India with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN) and East Asian economies that form the bedrock of global manufacturing economy

➔ The corridor traverses 9 districts of the state of Andhra Pradesh

➔ VCIC intends to complement the ongoing efforts of the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP)
to enhance industrial growth and create high quality jobs
Industrial Infrastructure:
• 1st State in the country to announce an exclusive state SEZ policy with special package of
incentives and concessions and finalized the Visakhapatnam Special Economic Zone in an area of
3,500 acres of land.
• The govt is committed to use the long coastline and make the state as a logistic hub
• New ports are developed through public private partnership (PPP) route and modernize
existing minor ports and set up port-based industries along the coastal corridor.


Commerce and Exports:
• 2016-17 Exports : Rs. 80559.87Cr

• 2017-18 (upto Nov 2017) : Rs.50404.75 Cr
• Major exports - Drugs & Pharmaceuticals, Marine, Agriculture and Agro based products,
Handicrafts, Minerals and Mineral products and Software products
Power:
• Power deficit in June 2014 : 22.5 million units

• Total agricultural services in the state as on 30-11-2017: 16.97 lakhs
• New housing colonies ➔ 1181
• Housing colonies electrified ➔ 1174
• All the ordinary streetlights were replaced with LED Street lights in all 110 Municipalities
• Initial target for street lights : 5.6 lakh
• Present : 6.10 lakh (109%) of street lights have been installed
• World Bank has ranked the Sunrise State of Andhra Pradesh as No. 1 in the area of “Energy
Efficiency Implementation Readiness”.


Mineral Resources
Mines and Geology:
• Main aim of State Mineral Policy is to serve as a guiding force to translate the State’s mineral
potential into reality with eco-friendly and sustainable mining
• Major contributor for the economic growth of the State ➔ Minerals
• Focus minerals - Bauxite, Heavy minerals, Beach Sand, Limestone, Gold, Diamond, Dolomite,
Oil & Natural gas, Uranium, Garnet, Granite, Titanium, etc.
• Purpose - establishment of Cement, Gas based Thermal Plants, Oil Refinery, Cutting & Faceting,
Mining & Refinery, Steel & Sponge, Alumina Smelter and Aluminium Refinery etc., as focus
industry for overall development of the Mining Sector in the State
✓ Mining leases for major minerals: 381

✓ Quarry leases for cut and dressed blocks of granites : 1806
✓ Quarry leases for industrial minerals : 1033
✓ Quarry leases for other Minor Minerals (Construction Minerals) : 4067
✓ State Mineral and Mining sector contributed Rs.1700.70 crore of Mineral Revenue to the
state exchequer during 2016-17
✓ Mineral Revenue during 2017-18 (upto Oct, 2017) : Rs.965.01 Crore
✓ Percentage growth compared to last year during the same period : 12%
Gold:
• 1st Gold Mine in India was identified in AP

• Gold reserves → Ramagiri of Anantpur Dt
• There are known deposits of gold bearing quartz rocks in the Rayalaseema region of AP,
including Anantapur, Chittoor and Kurnool

Ulframite
• Chief alloy of Tungsten

• Buruguwada of E.G.

Chromite
• Chromite reserves ➔ Kondapalli hills located b/n Ibrahimpatnam – Gangineni of Krishna Dt
Iron
• Most of the iron in AP is of Hematite type

• 1st place in production of Iron – Anantapur
• Iron resources → krishna – kurnool – Anantapur – kadapa – nellore – prakasam – guntur –

chittoor

• Iron ore stocks are plentily available in Anantpur and Kadapa Dt
Zirconium
• Vizianagaram and Srikakulam

Ilamenite - Monazite
• East coast → beach reserves (sands)

• Srikakulam – Visakhapatnam – E.G. – W.G. – Krishna – Guntur – Prakasam – Nellore
1 st place in
production of
Monazite
• Monazite rocks are abundantly available at Bheemunipatnam

Lead:
• Lead reserves → Guntur – Kurnool – Kadapa – Chittoor – W.G.
• Lead reserves are abundantly available in Kurnool Dt
Bauxite
• Bauxite reserves are present on the highest mountains formed with Khondalite rocks of Arcian
age in the Eastern Ghats
• Mainly available in Visakhapatnam and East Godavari dt
• Visakhapatnam → Sunkaramitta – Ananthagiri – Araku || Galikonda – Rakthakonda – Katuki @
Bittamugondi hills || Jerrela - Saparla
• E.G → Dhumakondalu of Rampachodavaram

Manganese
• 1st place in production and reserves of Manganese → Srikakulam Dt
Copper
• Copper reserves – Guntur and Kadapa Dt

Mica
• 1st place in production and reserves of mica → Nellore Dt
Vermiculite and Epatite
• Kasipatnam area of Visakhapatnam Dt (1st place in reserves and production)

Quartz
• Guntur –Nellore – Prakasam
Graphite
• Graphite reserves ➔ E.G. – W.G. – Visakhapatnam – Srikakulam

• Abundantly available in Krishna
Gypsum

• Pulicat lake near Sullurpeta of Nellore Dt
Barites
• Kadapa – Anantapur – Kurnool
Asbestos

• 1st place in production and reserves → Kadapa

• Creslotype
• Main places in Kadapa Dt → Pulivendula – Chinakudala – Brahmanapalli – lopatanuthala
Diamonds
• Vajrakarur @ Anantapur Dt
Limestone
• High quality limestone → Jammalamadugu and Maidakuru in Kadapa Dt

• 1st place in production and reserves → Kurnool (bethamcharla, koilakuntla)
Petroleum and Natural Gas

• Kaikaluru – Rajolu – Chinchunadu – Medara vanimeraka (near coast)
National Waterway – 4
• 1,095 kilometres long waterway in India

• Connects the Indian states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and the union territory
of Puducherry.
• NW-4 runs along the Coromandal Coast through Kakinada, Eluru, Commanur, Buckingham
Canals and also through part of Krishna and Godavari rivers in South India



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Physiography of Andhra Pradesh

• Location : South-East of India (with reference to India map )

• South Asia (with reference to world map)

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Maharashtra Bay of Bengal

• Situated in Northern Hemisphere

• Situated on the Deccan Plateau

• Indian Standard Longitude 82 1/2 0 East longitude passes through Kakinada

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Formation of Andhra Pradesh

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• Capital – Amaravathi (The People’s Capital)

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• Amaravathi foundation ceremony – Oct 22nd, 2015 @ Uddandarayunipalem village in Guntur

• At the time of formation - 160,205 km2

Seven mandals included in Andhra Pradesh:

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• Coastal Andhra – 95.47 thousand sq.km

• Rayalaseema – 67.29 thousand sq.km

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• Largest district – Ananthpur ➔ 19,130 sq.km

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• Smallest district – Srikakulam ➔ 5,837 sq.km

Population (2011 Census)

• AP – 304 persons per sq.km

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Andhra Pradesh State - Symbols

• Animal - Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)

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• Bird – Rose-ringed Parrot

• Aquatic animal – Dolphin

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• Song – Maa Telugu Talliki

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Akashavani Bhavan @ Vijayawada ➔ Pingali Venkaiah Bhavan

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QUESTIONS ENCOUNTERED IN APPSC EXAMS

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• Total coast line – 974 km

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• Longest coast line – Srikakulam ➔ 200 km

• Shortest coast line – West Godavari ➔ 20 km

Name of the District Borders

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• Stretches from Eastern Ghats to Bay of Bengal

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• Godavari delta is known as “Konaseema”

• Width of central delta is 150 kms

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• Eastern Ghats in the North are called “Eastern Ranges”

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