SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (ELS2204)

W01 : Introduction into Signals and Systems

By : C. E. Panjaitan

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DEL (IT DEL)

Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Sitoluama, Laguboti,
Kabupaten Toba Samosir, Sumatera Utara – Indonesia
Phone : +62-632331234
Fax : +62-632331116
 SIGNALS & SYSTEMS
Signals
• Signals may describe a wide variety of physical phenomena.
• Signals can be represented in many ways, in all cases the information in a signal
is contained in a pattern of variations of some form.
• Signals are represented mathematically as functions of one or more independent variables.
Such as: Audio/Voice (1D), Image/Video (2D), Image/Video (3D), and Biomedical Image (4D).
• Continuous time signals, t, x(t). ()  Parantheses.
• Discrete time signals, n, x[n], []  Brackets

Systems
Are collections of software or hardware elements, components, or subsytems.
VIDEO
 KIND OF SIGNALS

Periodic Aperiodic

Odd Even
 KIND OF SIGNALS

Step Impulse

Ramp
 KIND OF SYSTEMS
Static Dynamic
= = + 1 + ( + 1)
= [ ] Memoryless = + 1 + [ + 1]

Causal Non Causal

= + ( 1) = 1
[ ]= [ ]+ [ 1] [ ]= [ 1]

Time Variant Time Invariant

= → = = → =
= → = [ ] = → = [ ]

Linear Non Linear

+ = + Superposition
[ ]+ [ ]= [ ]+ [ ] Doesn’t meet superposition.
 KIND OF SYSTEMS
Example: Linear and non Linear

1. = ( )
2. = ( )

EXERCISE

Define the equation from this picture !

 EXAMPLES TO DETERMINE PERIODIC SIGNAL

Determine which of the following signals are periodic

= Fundamental Period ( ) = = = ? ( )

= Fundamental Period ( ) = =
= ? ( )

= √ Fundamental Period ( ) = = √ = ? ( )

= Fundamental Period ( ) = = = ? ( )

= + ( ) Ratio Fundamental Period = = ( )

= + ( ) Ratio Fundamental Period = = ( )

INTERCONNECTION OF SYSTEMS
SERIES

PARALLEL
INTERCONNECTION OF SYSTEMS
SERIES & PARALLE

FEEDBACK
 INTERCONNECTION OF SYSTEMS
UNIT DELAY

EXERCISE
=2 + 4 [ 1] =2 4 [ 1]

1 1
= 2 + [ 1] = 2 [ 1]
2 2
 Alan V. Oppenheim, Alan S. Wilsky, S.Hamid Nawab, Signals and Systems 2nd
edition, Pearson, 2014
 Alan V.Oppenheim, G. C. Verghese, Signals and Systems & Inference, Series
Edition, Pearson, 2016