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46
Figure P5.46 shows a lateral pipe fitting. This particular fitting has a mainline diameter of 4.0 in.
The diameter of the lateral is 3.0 in., and the lateral angle is 45°; 60 °F water is flowing in the
lateral. Measurements show that the pressure at point 1 is 34.0 psig, the pressure at point 2 is
35.0 psig, the pressure at point 3 is 33.5 psig, and the flow rate at point 2 is 1.0 ft3/s. Determine
the horizontal and vertical force components (Fx and Fy) required to hold the lateral fitting
stationary. Neglect gravity. Q 1 = 1.63 ft3/s.
Solution
First apply the continuity equation
ft 3 ft 3 ft 3
Q1 = Q2 + Q3 ⇒ Q3 = Q1 − Q2 =1.63 − 1.0 = 0.63
s s s
For the “x” direction
∑ Fx =Fx + p1 A1 − p2 A2 − p3 A3 cos 45o =ρQ2V2 + ρQ3V3 cos 45o − ρQ1V1
so
Fx = ρ Q2V2 + ρ Q3V3 cos 45o − ρ Q1V1 + p2 A2 + p3 A3 cos 45o − p1 A1
π 2 Q 4Q
but = A D= and V = so V
4 A π D2
4 ρ Q22 4 ρ Q32 4 ρ Q12 ppp
substituting Fx = + cos 45 −o
+ p2 D22 + p3 D32 cos 45o − p1 D12
pppD22
D3 2
D2 2
4 4 4
gathering terms and substituting numerical values and conversion factors gives
4 ρ Q22 Q32 Q12 p
F= 2 + cos 45 o
− 2
+ ( p2 D22 + p3 D32 cos 45o − p1 D12 )
x
p D2 D3 2
D2 4
slugs 2 ft
6
2 ft
6
2 ft
6
4 ×1.94 3 1.0 0.63 1.63
ft
2
s + 2
s cos 45o − s + π 35.0 lb ×16in 2 + 33.5 lb × 9in 2 cos 45o − 34.0 lb ×16in 2
2
Fx
π 2
(0.333 ft ) (0.25 ft )
2
(0.333 ft ) 4
2
in 2 in 2 in 2
Fx = +154.2lb (acts to the right)
4 ×1.94 3 0.632 ft
slugs 6
=
ft
s sin 45o + π 33.5 lb × 9in 2 sin 45o
2
Fy
π (0.25 ft )
2
4 in 2
Fy = +28.0lb (acts up)