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Avocado Cultivation.
Avocado in Indian Languages:- Butter Fruit I Makhanphal (Hindi), Vennai Pazham (Tamil),
Vennapazham 16Kli6QJgj\Po (Malayalam), Alpukat (Marathi), Mager Nashpati (Urdu), Benne
Hannu (Kannada), Venna Pandu (Telugu), \511 1<Pil\51 (Bengali), Nashpati (Oriya), GH"
(Punjabi), and Makhan Phal (Gujarati).
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1. Mexico
2. Dominican Republic
3. Peru
4. Indonesia
5. Colombia
6. Kenya
7. USA
8. Rwanda
9. Chile
10. Brazil
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• Mexican race: This race varieties are hardiest of the group and the most tolerant of cold
conditions.
• Guatemalan race: This is from the tropical highlands and it requires a cool tropical
climate without extremes of humidity and temperature.
• West Indian race: It is originated in the humid low lands of tropical Central America.
There are many improved and high yielding varieties, you should find out suitable variety for
your local conditions.
Soil Requirement for Avocado Cultivation:- Fertile soil is always desirable for any crop to
obtain good yields and quality produce. If you are planning for commercial production of
Avocados, a soil test is recommended to find out the chemical suitability of the soil and
based on results; the required nutrients/micro-nutrients should be supplemented. The
Avocado trees require fertile and well-drained soils with good aeration, ideally more than 1
meter deep. Only reddish brown, red and dark brown soils, particularly in the subsoil, are
more suitable for Avocado cultivation. However, Avocado tress prefers medium sandy loam
soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. Water logging conditions should be avoided and when it
comes to soil texture, Avocado trees thrive best in soils with clay content between 20-40%.
Propagation, Planting and Spacing in Avocado Cultivation:- The most common method
of Avocado tree propagation is done by grafting or budding as they don't grow true type from
seed. Apart from this, grafting method ensures uniformity and early bearing. It is advised to
plant the Avocados during monsoon season (onset of rains) for proper and quick
establishment of seedlings. Avoid to plant a new avocado tree in a space where an old tree
died because there may be a disease in the soil.
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As we know high density planting gives more yield in early years and this HD planting of
avocado also causes more canopy management problems in later years. In general 10 to 12
meters of spacing is adopted in avocado orchards. This can accommodate 70
to 100 trees/ha. However, in recent years, there is a practice of high density plantation ( 12 x
6m, 10 x 5 m, 8 x 4 m, which can accommodate 140 to 310 trees /ha) of avocado since the
introduction of mechanical hedging machines and growth controlling sprays are available.
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Intercultural Operations in Avocado Cultivation:-
• Weeding: Weed free field is important to obtain desired results in any crop. To control
weeds, shallow cultivation can be carried out after transplanting the trees without damaging
the roots. Mulching is another practice of controlling weeds in the orchard. If you find weeds
are severe and unable to control through hand and machines, use appropriate herbicides to
check the weeds completely.
• Pruning and Fruit Thinning: Avocado trees can be maintained to desired size with
pinching and pruning. Frequent pinching of young trees is a good method to shape the
avocado tree. It is recommend to prune trees and cut out dead wood after harvest.
Thinning of fruits should be done in boom years to control biennial bearing and enhance
fruit quality in early stages of growth.
• lntercropping: During initial years, legume crops or low growing vegetables can be
cultivated between rows. This not only provides additional income but increases soil fertility
as well.
• Pests: Mealy bugs, mites and scale insects are common insect pests found in Avocado
cultivation. These pests can be controlled by spraying recommended insecticides. For
symptoms and control measures, contact your local horticulture department.
• Diseases: Root rot is most common disease found in Avocado cultivation. This is caused by
Phytophthora cinnamon attack. This disease can be controlled by drenching the soil with
recommended fungicide. Avoid Over irrigation to protect the trees from this disease. Other
diseases include Cercospora spot, and Black spot which attack the leaves, roots and fruits.
These diseases can be controlled by spraying copper fungicides. For exact symptoms and
control measures of these diseases in avocado trees, contact your local horticulture
department.
Note: Your local Horticulture Department is a good source for finding suitable solutions for
controlling pests and diseases in Avocado Cultivation.
Harvesting in Avocado Cultivation:- Avocado fruits DON’T ripen on trees. Finding the right
maturity stage is very important. So how can we identify the time to pick? Well, maturity of
fruits are indicated when the part of the fruit stalk closest to the fruit turns black or brown.
Hand clipping is the most common method of harvesting.
medium green
light green Avocado Ripe Stages.
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Yield in Avocado Cultivation:- Yield of Avocados depends on cultivar, age of tree, climate
and soil along with other orchard management practices. On an average, one can obtain a
yield of 14 to 15 tonnes/ha.
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