CENTROIDS AND MOMENT

OF INERTIA
CENTROID OF AN AREA
• CENTROID
• Centroid or center of gravity is the point within an
object from which the force of gravity appears to act.
CENTROID OF AN AREA
CENTROID OF AN AREA
RECALL OF RELEVANT TOPICS
AREA
A  dA A
y2


x2


2
A A

xdy 1
ydx
y1
A r 2 d
x1 2 1

FIRST MOMENT OF AN AREA

Qx  A
ydA 
Qy  xdA
A

Qx  A
yeldA Qy   x dA
A
el
CENTROID OF COMMON FIGURES
Shape Figure Area x y

b
Rectangle
h b h
h/2 bh
2 2
b
2

Triangle b

bh b h
h
2 3 3
y.
x.

r
Quarter-
circle ab 4r 4r
y. 4 3 3
x.
CENTROID OF COMMON FIGURES
Shape Figure Area x y
y r

Semicircle r 2 0 4r
2 3
y.

x x

Quarter b
ab 4b 4a
Ellipse y . 3
x. x 4 3
a

r 2
r
Circular  2r sin 0
 
Sector r 3
x.
CENTROID OF COMMON FIGURES
Shape Figure Area x y

r
Segment of 
2r r sin 0
an Arc  
r 
x.

Semi- r
circular Arc
r 2r 0
r

x.

b
Spandrel
bh n 1
b n 1
n2
h
h n 1 4n  2
y.

.x.
CENTROID BY INTEGRATION
Find the centroid of the
enclosed curve given
Differential element
• Differential element of
thickness dy
• Element intersects curve at
point (x, y)
• Length = (1 – x)
CENTROID BY INTEGRATION
Solution
Area and Moment Arms
• For area of the element
dA  1  x  dy
• Centroid is located y distance from the x axis
~x  x   1  x   1  x
 2  2
~y  y
CENTROID BY INTEGRATION
Solution
Integrations
 x dA
~

1 1 1
1  x  / 21  x  dx 0 1  y  dy
x A  0 2
 dA 0 1  y dy
1 1

A
0 1  x  dx
0.250
  0.75m
0.333
 ydA 1 y1  x  dx 1 y  y3 / 2 dy
~
 
yA  01  01
 dA  1  x  dx  1  y dy
0 0
A
0.100
  0.3m
0.333
CENTROID BY INTEGRATION
Locate the centroid of
the shaded are bounded
by the two curves
y=x
and y = x2.
CENTROID BY INTEGRATION
Solution
Method 1
Differential element
• Differential element of thickness dx
• Intersects curve at point (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), height y
Area and Moment Arms
• For area of the element
dA  ( y2  y1) dx
• For centroid
xx
~
CENTROID BY INTEGRATION
Solution
Integrations

 ~x dA

1

x y2  y1  dx
  1
x x  x 2 dx
xA  01  01
 0  y2  y1  dx 0 x  x dx
dA 2
A
1
 12  0.5m
1
6
EXAMPLES
Find the centroid of the plates given below:

R 20 cm
y

16 cm
R 10cm
40 cm R 10cm
32 cm x
MOMENT OF INERTIA
DEFINITION
Second Moment of an Area is a
more appropriate term to be used
rather than the Moment of Inertia.
Inertia is the ability of an object to
resist motion.
It is an inherent property of a
material exhibited through its
mass.

Unit: m4, cm4, in4, etc.

Ix  
A
y 2dA 
Iy  x 2dA
A
PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM
Formula:

I x  I x  Ad 2

Ix = moment of inertia at
different axis
Ix = centroidal moment of
inertia
A = Area of the region
D = distance from centroid to
the new axis
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF COMPOSITE REGION
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF COMPOSITE REGION
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF COMPOSITE REGION
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF COMPOSITE REGION
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF COMPOSITE REGION
EXAMPLES
Find the Moment of Inertia of the plates given below:

R 20 cm
y

16 cm
R 10cm
40 cm R 10cm
32 cm x