Laboratory Exercise No.8 

Gas Power Cycle: Diesel Cycle

 
 

Laboratory Exercise No. 8 

Gas Power Cycle: Diesel Cycle 
1. Objective: 
The activity aims to develop equations and solve problems involving gas power cycles particularly diesel cycle
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs): 
The students shall be able to:
2.1 develop equations for gas power cycle - diesel cycle
2.2 solve problems involving gas power cycle - diesel cycle using MATLAB.
3. Discussion: 

A thermodynamic cycle is a sequence or series of processes performed on a system, that eventually returns the system
to its original state. Gas power cycles are thermodynamic cycles, which use air, as the working fluid. A gas power cycle
may consist of heat transfer, work transfer, pressure, volume, temperature and entropy variations. In a gas power cycle,
the source of heat supply and the sink for heat rejection are considered to be external to the working fluid.

Four different types of gas power cycles are commonly used, namely, Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Dual cycle and Brayton
cycle. Otto cycle is widely used in petrol engines while Diesel cycle is used primarily in diesel engines. Dual and Brayton
cycles are extensively used in gas turbine engines.

At diesel cycle, the temperature at the end of compression is sufficiently high that combustion is initiated spontaneously.
This higher temperature results because of a higher compression ratio that carries the compression step to a higher
pressure. The fuel is not injected until the end of the compression step, and then is added slowly enough that the
combustion process occurs at approximately constant pressure.

For the same compression ratio, the Otto engine has a higher efficiency than the Diesel engine. Because pre-ignition
limits the compression ratio attainable in the Otto engine, the Diesel engine operates at higher compression ratios and
consequently at higher efficiencies.

Air – Standard Diesel Cycle 

Process 1 – 2 Isentropic Compression

Process 2 – 3 Heat addition at Constant Pressure
Process 3 – 4 Isentropic Expansion
Process 4 - 1 Heat removal at Constant Volume

Diesel Cycle T-S diagram and P- V diagram 

  
 
Thermal Efficiency of a Diesel Cycle: 

Given​:

Process 1 – 2 Isentropic Compression

Process 2 – 3 Isobaric Heat Addition

Process 3 – 4 Isentropic Expansion

Thermal Efficiency

From 2, 3 and 4 all temperatures can be expressed in terms of T3.

4. Resources: 
Matlab
5. Procedure: 

1. In a Diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 15. Compression begins at 0.1 MPa, 40°C. The heat added is 1675
MJ/kg. The m-file to compute for the maximum temperature contains the following:

%maxTemp.m
clc
%Compression begins at 0.1 MPa, 40°C
%for diesel cycle T3 is the maximum temperature
%compresssion ratio, r = V1/V2
%g=0.4
r = 15;
T1=313;
P1=100;
Qin=1675;
R=287;
Cp=1.005;
V1=(R*T1)/P1;
V2=V1/15;
T2=(r^0.4)*T1;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
fprintf(‘The maximum temperature in the cycle is %0.2f.’,T3);

Run to see the results.

2. From the previous problem we can obtain the cut-off ratio of the cycle by creating an m-file with the following
contents:

%Cut-off.m
clc
%cut-off ratio, Rc
P1=100;
T1=313;
T2=924.66;
Qin=1675;
Cp=1.005
r=15;
V1=0.898;
V2=0.06;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
V3=(T3/T2)*V2;
Rc=V3/V2;
fprintf(‘The cut-off ratio is %0.2f.’,Rc);

3. From the given problem, by using m- file, the net work done in the cycle can be determined too. Open an m-file
and input the following commands:

%Worknet.m
clc
%on Diesel cycle, V1 = V4
T1=313;
T2=924.66;
Qin=1675;
Cv=0.718;
V4=0.898;
V3=(T3/T2)*V2;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
T4=T3*(V3/V4)^0.4;
Qout=Cv*(T4-T1);
Wnet=Qin-Qout;
fprintf(‘The net work done in the cycle is %0.2f.’,Wnet);

4. The thermal efficiency of the cycle can also be computed using m-file

%efficiency.m
Qin=1675;
Cp=1.005
Cv=0.718;
T1=313;

V4=0.898;
V3=(T3/T2)*V2;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
T4=T3*(V3/V4)^0.4;
Qout=Cv*(T4-T1);
Wnet=Qin-Qout;
E=Wnet/Qin;
fprintf(‘The efficiency of the cycle is %0.2f.’,E);

5. Determine the mean effective pressure of the cycle by using m-file:

%MEP.m
clc
r = 15;
T1=313;
P1=100;
Qin=1675;
R=287;
Cp=1.005;
Cv=0.718;
V1=(R*T1)/P1;
V2=V1/15;
V4=0.898;
V3=(T3/T2)*V2;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
T4=T3*(V3/V4)^0.4;
Qout=Cv*(T4-T1);
Wnet=Qin-Qout;
MEP=Wnet/(V1-V2);
fprintf(‘The mean effective pressure of the cycle is %0.2f.’,MEP);
6. An engine using the diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 20/1 and a cut-off ratio 0f 2. At the start of the
compression stroke the air is at 1 bar and 15°C. Calculate the standard efficiency of the cycle by creating an
m-file.

7. Same as the given in Problem 6, solve for the maximum temperature in the cycle using m-file.

8. Also, calculate for the heat input in the cycle of Problem 6 using m-file.

9. Determine the net work output in the cycle at Problem 6 by running commands in m-file.

10. An ideal Diesel cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 18 and a cutoff ratio of 2. At the
beginning of the compression process, the working fluid is at 14.7 psia, 80°F, and 117in​3​. Utilizing the cold – air
– standard assumptions, determine the net work output and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Course: CHE 508  Laboratory Exercise No.: 8 
Group No.:  Section: CH51FC2 
Group Members: AQUINO, AIRAH DS.  Date Performed: 2/1/19 
  Date Submitted: 2/8/19 
  Instructor: ENGR. CRISPULO MARANAN 
   
6. Data and Results: 

Procedure  Results 
1 M-FILE: 
%maxTemp.m
clc
%Compression begins at 0.1 MPa, 40°C
%for diesel cycle T3 is the maximum temperature
%compresssion ratio, r = V1/V2
%g=0.4
r = 15;
T1=313;
P1=100;
Qin=1675;
R=287;
Cp=1.005;
V1=(R*T1)/P1;
V2=V1/15;
T2=(r^0.4)*T1;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
fprintf('The maximum temperature in the cycle is %0.2f.',T3);

COMMAND WINDOW: 
The maximum temperature in the cycle is 2591.32.>>
2 M-FILE: 
%cutoff.m
clc
%cutoff ratio, Rc
P1=100;
T1=313;
T2=924.66;
Qin=1675;
Cp=1.005
r=15;
V1=0.898;
V2=0.06;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
V3=(T3/T2)*V2;
 Rc=V3/V2;
fprintf('The cut-off ratio is %0.2f.',Rc);

COMMAND WINDOW: 
Cp =
1.0050
The cut-off ratio is 2.80.>>
3 M-FILE: 
%Worknet.m
clc
%on Diesel cycle, V1 = V4
T1=313;
T2=924.66;
Qin=1675;
Cv=0.718;
V4=0.898;
V3=(T3/T2)*V2;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
T4=T3*(V3/V4)^0.4;
Qout=Cv*(T4-T1);
Wnet=Qin-Qout;
fprintf('The net work done in the cycle is %0.2f.',Wnet);
COMMAND WINDOW:
4 M-FILE: 
%efficiency.m
Qin=1675;
Cp=1.005
Cv=0.718;
T1=313;
V4=0.898;
V3=(T3/T2)*V2;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
T4=T3*(V3/V4)^0.4;
Qout=Cv*(T4-T1);
Wnet=Qin-Qout;
E=Wnet/Qin;
fprintf('The efficiency of the cycle is %0.2f.',E);

COMMAND WINDOW: 
The efficiency of the cycle is -7.87.>>
 
 
5 M-FILE: 
%MEP.m
clc
r = 15;
T1=313;
P1=100;
Qin=1675;
R=287;
Cp=1.005;
Cv=0.718;
V1=(R*T1)/P1;
V2=V1/15;
V4=0.898;
V3=(T3/T2)*V2;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
T4=T3*(V3/V4)^0.4;
Qout=Cv*(T4-T1);
Wnet=Qin-Qout;
MEP=Wnet/(V1-V2);
fprintf('The mean effective pressure of the cycle is %0.2f',MEP);

COMMAND WINDOW: 
The mean effective pressure of the cycle is -15.72>>
6 M-FILE:
%efficiency.m
Cp=1.005;
Cv=0.718;
G= Cp/Cv;
R= 20;
Rc=2;
E=1-((1/R^(G-1)*((Rc^G)-1)/(G*Rc-1)));
fprintf('The efficiency of the cycle is %0.2f',E);
 
COMMAND WINDOW: 
>> efficiency.m
The efficiency of the cycle is 0.73>> 
7 M-FILE: 
%maxTemp.m
clc
P1=100;
Cp=1.005;
Cv=0.718;
 G= Cp/Cv;
R= 20;
Rc=2;
T1=288;
V3=(Rc)*V2;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
T4=T3*(Rc)^0.4;
Qout=Cv*(T4-T1);
Wnet=Qin-Qout;
E=0.73;
Qin=-Wnet/E;
Cp=1.005;
Cv=0.718;
G= Cp/Cv;
R= 20;
Rc=2;
E=1-((1/R^(G-1)*((Rc^G)-1)/(G*Rc-1)));
V1=(R*T1)/P1;
V2=V1/15;
T2=(r^0.4)*T1;
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
fprintf('The maximum temperature in the cycle is %0.2f.',T3);

COMMAND WINDOW: 
The maximum temperature in the cycle is 1737.23.>>
8 M-FILE: 
%Qin
clc
P1=100;
Cp=1.005;
Cv=0.718;
G= Cp/Cv;
R= 20;
Rc=2;
T2=288;
T3=1737.23;
Qin= Cp*(T3-T2);
fprintf('The heat in in the cycle is %0.2f.',Qin);

COMMAND WINDOW: 
The heat in in the cycle is 1456.48.>> 
 
 
9 M-FILE: 
%Wnet
clc
P1=100;
Cp=1.005;
Cv=0.718;
G= Cp/Cv;
R= 20;
Rc=2;
E=1-((1/R^(G-1)*((Rc^G)-1)/(G*Rc-1)));
Wnet=Qin*E;
fprintf('The net work done in the cycle is %0.2f.',Wnet);

COMMAND WINDOW: 
​The net work done in the cycle is 1202.50.>>
 
10 Work Out: 
M-FILE: 
%Wout
%All are converted to SI unit
clc
Rv=18;
Rc=2;
V1=0.00191729;
P= 101.325;
T1= 300;
Cp=1.005;
Cv=0.718;
G= Cp/Cv;
%Rc=(V3/V2);
%Rv= V1/V2;
V2= V1/Rv;
V3= Rc*V2;
Re= Rv/Rc;
V4= Re* V3;
T2=T1 *(Rv^(G-1));
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
Qin= Cp*(T3-T2);
T4=T3*(V3/V4)^0.4;
Qout=Cv*(T4-T1);
Wnet=Qin-Qout;
fprintf('The net work done in the cycle is %0.2f.',Wnet);
 COMMAND WINDOW: 
The net work done in the cycle is 1097.91.>> 
 
M-FILE: 
%All are converted to SI unit
clc
Rv=18;
Rc=2;
V1=0.00191729;
P= 101.325;
T1= 300;
Cp=1.005;
Cv=0.718;
G= Cp/Cv;
%Rc=(V3/V2);
%Rv= V1/V2;
V2= V1/Rv;
V3= Rc*V2;
Re= Rv/Rc;
V4= Re* V3;
T2=T1 *(Rv^(G-1));
T3=(Qin/Cp)+T2;
Qin= Cp*(T3-T2);
T4=T3*(V3/V4)^0.4;
Qout=Cv*(T4-T1);
Wnet=Qin-Qout;
E=Wnet/Qin;
fprintf('The efficiency of the cycle is %0.2f.',E);

COMMAND WINDOW: 
 
The efficiency of the cycle is 0.66.>>

 
7. Conclusion: 
 
  I therefore conclude that MATLAB can develop equations and solve problems involving gas power cycles particularly
diesel cycle.
 
 
 
 
 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES 
RUBRIC FOR MODERN TOOL USAGE 
(Engineering Programs)
Student Outcome (e): Use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice in
complex engineering activities.
Program: ​Chemical Engineering​ Course: CHE 508 Section: CH51FC1 2ND Sem SY 2018-19 
Performance  Unsatisfactory  Developing  Satisfactory  Very Satisfactory  Score
Indicators  1  2  3  4 
a. Apply Fails to identify Identifies Identifies modern Recognizes the
appropriate any modern modern techniques and is benefits and
techniques, techniques to techniques but able to apply these constraints of modern
skills, and perform fails to apply in performing engineering tools and
modern discipline-specific these in discipline-specific shows intention to
tools to engineering task. performing engineering task. apply them for
perform a discipline-speci engineering practice.
discipline-sp fic engineering
ecific task.
engineering
task.
b. Demonstrate Fails to apply any Attempts to Shows ability to Shows ability to apply
skills in modern tools to apply modern apply fundamental the most appropriate
applying solve engineering tools but has procedures in using and effective modern
different problems. difficulties to modern tools when tools to solve
techniques solve solving engineering engineering problems.
and modern engineering problems.
tools to problems.
solve
engineering
problems.
c. Recognize Does not Recognizes Recognizes the Recognizes the need
the benefits recognize the some benefits benefits and for benefits and
and benefits and and constraints constraints of constraints of modern
constraints constraints of of modern modern engineering engineering tools and
of modern modern engineering tools and shows makes good use of
engineering engineering tools. tools. intention to apply them for engineering
tools. them for engineering practice.
practice.
Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 3)
Percentage Rating = (Total Score / 12) x 100%

Evaluated by: ​ENGR. CRISPULO MARANAN ​ FEBRUARY 2019 

Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date