Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Taken from: Lucas, S.E. (9th Ed)(2005). The Art of Public Speaking. McGraw Hill.
Types of communication
Verbal
communication Written
Communication
(Oral)
Visual Non-verbal
Communication communication
Oral Presentation
Objectives
By the end of Unit 4, you should be able to:
• Explain why it is important to learn about
effective oral presentations.
• Discuss the main ideas and supporting ideas of
selected topics logically and clearly.
• Use audio-visual aids to efficiently enhance
presentations.
• Facilitate questions and responses during
feedback sessions.
Why is oral presentation
important?
When do we have to give oral
presentations?
Interesting
What topic Knowledge of the
should I topic
choose? Passionate of the
topic
Choosing a topic
When choosing the topic, consider the
following aspects:
• Will your audience be interested in your
topic?
• Will your audience gain any new knowledge
or understanding?
• Will you be able to deliver your topic within
the allocated time?
• Does your topic have any value to you?
Initial preparation
• Where is the
Location presentation held?
Audience Analysis
Reliability
Accuracy
Five characteristics to
ensure credible Currency
information
Bias
Context
Characteristics of credible information
• Reliability
– Does this author or this journal have a reputation
for providing valid and accurate information?
– Are the author’s credentials provided?
– Is the author a very well-known person who has
published widely on this subject?
Characteristics of credible information
• Accuracy
– Are the sources accurate?
– Do the arguments make logical sense?
– Are they based on evidences?
– Are they coherent and based on facts?
Characteristics
Characteristics of
of credible
credible information
information
• Currency
– Has the source been published recently enough to be
relevant?
– Is it up-to-date?
– Has there been latest findings?
• Bias
– What stand or perspective does the author take on
the topic?
– Is there any indication of bias in the language used?
Characteristics
Characteristics of
of credible
credible information
information
• Context
– Does the source have appropriate context related
to the issue you are presenting?
– Are the information based on a similar culture?
– Example: If you are talking about Malaysian law, a
law from China may not be applicable.
Guidelines for Citation
Quote Paraphrase
• Word for word; exact • Presenting the gist of
words of the person the person’s ideas in
you are quoting vs your own words
• Most effective when • Longer than two or
they are brief, when three sentences
they convey your • Has complicated
meaning better than sentence structure
you can, they are
witty, eloquent or
compelling.
Guidelines for Citation
• Quote your sources – give your audience some
background information of the author and
context in which the quote was made ; avoid
quoting out of context.
• Paraphrase correctly – always give credit to the
source
• Present statistics effectively
• Use multiple sources - support viewpoint or
argument better.
– A mixture of relevant quotes, statistics, visual media,
testimony.
Answer this question
• Do you think it is important to adjust or limit
the material collected to the topic of your
presentation? Why?
Structuring Oral Presentation
• Audience cannot rewind and hear what you have
said again.
• Structure of an oral presentation is extremely
important to help them to follow what you are
saying.
Attention Curve of the Audience
What distracts the audience?
• Speaker overestimate the background
knowledge of audience.
• Structure of presentation is unclear and line of
reasoning is hard to follow.
• Visual aids are confusing, inadequate,
unreadable and too small to follow.
What distracts the audience?
• Speaker uses long sentences with jargons and
abbreviations
• Speaker reads from the prepared script.
• Speaker uses monotonous sentences – speak
too fast/too slow, unclear pronunciation and
lack emphasis.
• Speaker does not have eye contact with
audience.
Defining the main idea
• Think of one message you want the audience to walk away
with after listening to you.
• Your presentation must be organised to achieve that
objective.
• The sequence of the main idea and supporting ideas
should help the audience follow the presentation
effectively.
Right now
• Spend some time thinking of the topic of your
presentation.
• Find out what are the areas you wish to cover
for this topic and plan your ideas.
• Prepare a rough layout of what you want to
talk about and look for relevant information
for this presentation.