¾Pyrometer derived from the Greek root pyro, meaning fire.

¾Idea : Every object whose temperature is above absolute zero emits

radiation.
¾Pyrometer derived from the Greek root pyro, meaning fire.

¾Idea : Every object whose temperature is above absolute zero emits

radiation.

Non-contact temperature sensors mostly work in the infrared portion of the spectrum
¾ The advantages of pyrometers :

• High temperatures measuremens

• fast response
• no adverse effects on temperatures and materials
• measuring moving objects
• measuring objects which are difficult to access
• For full-field temperature distribution
¾ Physical Principles
•Plank’s quanton theory
•spectral and directional distribution
• Black Body Concept (absorptivity (α ) is 1.0 ) in contrast to Real objects
¾ Physical Principles ( Cont. )
•Emissivity (ε) of materials (table)

•Stefan-Boltzman law

Stefan-Boltzaman constant

For Non Black bodies

¾ Physical Principles ( Cont. )
Plank’s Constant

Boltzmann’s Constant
¾ Physical Principles ( Cont. )

• Plank’s Law
¾ Physical Principles ( Cont. )

• Temperatures over 550 °C Î start glowing

• Increase in temperature :
- Total amount of energy emitted increases
- The peak of the curve shifts toward the shorter wavelengths
¾ Physical Principles ( Cont. )
•Wien’s displacement law
¾ Physical Principles ( Cont. )
• Choosing the spectral range

-Emissivity Errors
choose a pyrometer that measures in the shortest wavelength band
¾ Physical Principles ( Cont. )
• Choosing the spectral range ( Cont. )

- Atmospheric Windows
no absorption bands of water vapour and carbon dioxide in the air
¾ Physical Principles ( Cont. )
• Choosing the spectral range ( Cont. )

– Atmospheric Windows( Cont.)

¾ The Pyrometers
¾ The Pyrometers

• Technical advances
have made it possible
today to measure not
only high temperatures
but also temperatures
far below freezing point
from a distance and
without making contact
with the object to be
measured.
¾ Pyrometer Types
• spectral band pyrometers
• Total band pyrometers
• Ratio Pyrometers ( 2 color pyrometers)
• Disappearing filamennt optical pyrometer
• Infrared pyrometer
• Laser pyrometer
¾ Pyrometer Types ( Cont. )
• spectral band pyrometers
- Narrow band pyrometer
- Broadbad pyrometer
¾ Pyrometer Types ( Cont. )
•Total band pyrometers

provides a very
stable
output signal
for process control.
¾ Pyrometer Types
•Ratio Pyrometers ( 2 color pyrometers)
Temperature measurement
becomes independent of the
emissivity of the object.
¾ Pyrometer Types ( Cont. )

•Disappearing filamennt optical pyrometer

¾ A breif history :
• 1899, The first patent of disappearing-filament optical pyrometer granted to
Morse
¾ A breif history ( Cont. ):
• 1913, L. Bellingham gave a patent to detect the presence at a distance of
iceberg.
¾ A breif history ( Cont. ):
• 1931, Finally, a real commercial product
• 1968, Emissivity can be changed
• 1973, Short range IRT
• 1977, Revolution of Sensor: Miniature Thermopile
• 1984, 6,000,000pcs of Infrared Thermometer for ear
• 2002, The Most compact Infrared Thermometer
• 2003, Infrared meet Thermocouple
¾ What could be found in Iran?
• Two major company’s products could be bought here :
- RayTek ( an American company )
- Eurotron (an Italian company)
¾ Some models and their price:
• A Laser pyrometer : Raytek s200 upto 400 degree of Centigrade
Price : 2,400,000 Rials
Kalaye Elctrici Yekta ( Lale Zare st.)

• An IR Pyrometer : Lutron (Taiwan made) -50 º C upto 500 º C

Price : 2,500,000 Rials
Kalaye Elctric Derakhshesh ( Lale Zare st.)
¾ Some models and their price ( Cont.) :
•An IR Pyrometer : Eurotron made 600º C upto 1600 º C Portable
Price : 22,000,000 Rials
Kalaye Sanati Niknam ( Lale zar St. )

•An IR Pyrometer : Raytek 3i -30 º C upto 3000 º C

Price : 37,500,000 Rials
Kalaye Sanati Niknam ( Lale zar St. )

•An IR Pyrometer : Tes 1322 (Taiwan made ) -20 º C upto 1600 º C

-50 º C upto 1370 º C with thermocouples
Price : 1,350,000 Rials
Asre Tavan ( Lale zar St. )
¾ Some models and their price ( Cont.) :
•An IR Pyrometer : Raytek -50 º C upto 1600 º C , Computer connected
Price : 35,000,000 Rials
Kalaye Bargh Koshesh ( Lale zar St. )

•An IR Pyrometer : a Taiwan made -50 º C upto 550 º C

Price : 700,000 Rials
Kalaye Bargh Koshesh ( Lale zar St. )

• An IR Pyrometer : a Korea made , -50 º C upto 1000 º C

Price : 2,800,000 Rials
Kalaye Bargh Koshesh ( Lale zar St. )