TWI TRAINING & CERTIFICATION

Ultrasonic Inspection Coursework 5

1. Properties of shear or transverse waves used for ultrasonic testing indude:

A. Partide motion normal to propagation direction and a propagation velocity, which is

about half, the longitudinal wave veiocity in the same material
B. Exceptionally high sensitivity due to low attenuation resulting from longer
wavelengths when propagating through water
C. High coupling efficiency because shear waves are less sensitive to surface variables
when travelling from a coupling liquid to the part
D. None of the above statements apply to shear waves

2. One of the most common applications of shear waves in ultrasonic tests is

i A. Detection of discontinuities in welds tubes and pipe

B. Determination of elastic properties of metallic products
C. Detection of laminar discontinuities in heavy plate
D. Measuring thickness of thin plate

3. Significant errors in ultrasonic thickness measurement can occur if:

A-\ Test frequency is varying at a constant rate

The velocity of propagation deviates substantially from an assumed
constant value for a given material
C. Water is employed as a couplant between the transducer and the part being measured
D. None of the ahove shou!('I M'

4. A CRT dispiays 10 backwall echoes from a 25mm thick calibration block, using a compression
probe. The time between any two echoes is equal to:

A. The period of the ultrasound

. The time for the ultrasonic pulse to travel 25mm in the block
CJ The time for the ultrasonic pulse to travel 50mm in the block
'n. A duration which depends on the time base setting

5. Compression waves travel faster through:

A. Perspex

Steel
Aluminium
D. Water

6. In an ultrasonic instrument, the number of pulses produced by an instrument in a given period of

QS the:

A. Pulse length of the instrument

B. Pulse recovery time of the instrument

® Frequency of the instrument

Pulse repetition rate or frequency of the instrument

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7. In a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument which controls alter the
horizontal position of echo signals are:

A. The astigmatism and brightness

S. The prf and delay
i·C. The delay and range
D. The attenuator and reject

S. In a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that produces the voltage that
activates the search unit is called:

A. The amplifier
S. The receiver
C. , The pulse generator
n. The time base

9. In a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, vertical movements of the CRT spot are produced
by signal from:

A. The screen
f81 The amplifier
The time base drcuit
D. None of these

10. Compression-rarefaction waves whose partide displacement is parallel to the

direction of propagation are called:

A. Longitudinal waves
Sheur \\laves
C. Lamb
D. Rayleigh waves

11. The highest unit stress to which a material may be subjected without causing a
deformation that remains permanent upon release of the stress is referred to as:

Elastic medium of the material

Poisson's ratio of the material
Young's modulus of the material
Elastic limit of the material

12. A Distance Amplitude Correction curve corrects for:

The attenuation of ultrasound with range, to provide a constant recording

threshold.
B. Beam spread divergence to provide a constant reporting threshold.
C. Non-linearity of gain in a flaw detector's amplifier.
;(> U. A and B are correct

13. Two signals are displayed on the A-scan of a flaw detector. One signal has an amplitude of
40% fsh and the second signal is SdS higher. What is the apprOximate amplitude of the second
signal?

A. 25%fsh
® 100%fsh
C. 16%fsh
D. 63%fsh

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14. Defects near to the surface cannot always be detected by single crystal probes. This is because
of:

A. the Fraunhofer zone

e. attenuation
effect the crystal vibration
11. diffraction

15. !n an inspection a 20% DAC was used. What change in gain was required to achieve this, from
the original 100% DAC reference curve:

7 dB reduction in gain
14 dB reduction in gain
C. 7 dB increase in gain
D. 14 dB increase in gain

16. The near field of a 2MHz, 15mm diameter, 0 degree compression wave probe, in mild steel is
approximately:

.A. 76mm
. Sf. 19mm
C. 1.25 mm
D. 0.02 mm

17. The second critical angle is:

A. the angle of incidence at which a shear waves has a refracted angle of 90 degrees when
travelling across an interface.
B. the :--efracted angle of a shear wave at which the refracted angle of a
W&'t!f: i$ aegrees when a-avE::iling across ·:10 interface.
C. the an\:l:= of lncidence at which a compression wave has a refracted arlg:6 of 90 degrees
when travelling across an interface.
D. the angle at which an ultrasound signal reflects off a back wall.

18. For a 2MHz shear wave probe of crystal diameter 14mm the theoretical angle of divergence to
the 20dB edge of the beam when used on steel is approximately:

A. .007 degrees
14.31 degrees
C.,./ 7.16 degrees
If 13.3 degrees

19. As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the angle of beam divergence of a given diameter
crystal:

decreases
remains unchanged
t,;. Increases
E. varies uniformly through each wavelength.

20. A practical length for an ultrasonic pulse in weld testing is :

A. 20 cydes
10 cydes
S.D. 5cydes
1 cyde

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21. A full skip beam path is:

A. the ultrasonic path followed by a 0 degree compression probe from the back wall to the
inspection surface.
B. the ultrasonic path followed by an angled beam from the entry point to the back wall.
C. the ultrasonic beam path for an inspection from the inner bore of a pipe
g. the ultrasonic path followed by an angled beam after reflection of the back wall back to
the surface.

22. When examining a weld with an angled probe, stand off refers to the:

eA: distance between the centre line of the weld and the index point of the probe
B. distance between the centre line of the weld and the front of the probe
C. range from the surface to the root of the weld
D. none of the above

23. A component, which is to be ultrasonically tested, is found to have an attenuation factor of 0.15
dB/mm at the inspection frequency. The component is 0.05m thick. If a 0 degree compression
wave probe is being used to examine the thickness of the component, by how much will the
signal be attenuated, due to the attenuation factor alone:

C.
7.5 dB
15 dB
0.015 dB
D. 3dB

24. Which of the following are commonly used as reference reflectors in ultrasonic
examination:

A. I.Jmmside drmed holes

B. 3 mm side Of'::2() holes
C. 2 mm flat bottomed holes
all of the above
l,../
25. Which of the following probes would show the greatest attenuation from a comer reflector

A. 45 degree
B. 60 degree
J:l. 70 degree
D. 37 degree

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