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MISSION
When both the front and rear wheels steer toward the same
direction, they are said to be in phase and this produces a kind of
sideways movement of the car. When the front and rear wheels are
steered in opposite direction, this is called anti-phase, counter-phase or
opposite-phase and it produces a sharper, tighter turn.
4
OBJECTIVE
• This project aims at developing a 4 Wheel Steering System
which would cater to the needs to improve steering response,
increase vehicle stability while maneuvering at high speeds,
or to decrease turning radius at low speed.
• Under slippery conditions, the rear of the car may fishtail out
of control. In a four-wheel-steer car, this high-speed sway can
be damped or even eliminated through the use of same-side
steering.
• In addition with the 4WS system we include a scrap collecting
mechanism which uses neodymium magnets to attract the
metal scraps. 5
LITERATURE REVIEW
SL. YEAR AUTHOR MAJOR FINDINGS
NO
1 2011 Bella et A collision warning system for rear end collision. Their
al[1] function is to allow the driver enough time to avoid crash
and yet avoid annoying the driver with alerts perceived as
accruing too early or unnecessary.
2 2012 Zhang et Design and control implementation of AC electric power
al[2] steering system. The paper introduced the bench
structure, working principle and main components
7 2012 Hanif Mat et Design and analysis of Eco car chassis. This involves
al[7] developing a light weight chassis that can satisfy withstand the
required loads and also be able to present driver inerrant of
crash.
8 2015 Buchert et al[8] Design and manufacturing of a sustainable pedal. This paper
focuses on development of a pedal electric cycle. The results of
project shows how different scientific approaches for
improvement can be applied together.
9 2012 Nor et al[9] Different steering control for an Autonomous mobile robot.
This involves study of both velocity of DC motors with and
without control the pulse width modulation for DC motors
which control velocities of wheels of mobile robot. 7
10 2011 Zhao et Dynamic analysis of steering system of articulated
al[10] vehicle in heeled status. This paper analyze the force of
the front and rear car body and establish the steering
dynamic mathematical model and simulation model.
10
23 2014 Bhishikar et Design and simulation of 4 wheel steering system.
al[24] This involves developing a 4 wheel steering
system to implant a mechanism that can serve
purpose of changing in-phase and counter phase
steering of rear wheels.
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METHODOLOGY
12
DESIGN CALCULATION
CHAIN DRIVE
Pitch, p = 15.875
Teeth number, z1 = 12 z2 = 12
Gear ratio, i = z2 /z1 =12/12 =1
Assumed material of pinion =40 Ni 2 Cr 1 Mo 28
Assumed material of wheel = 40 Ni 2 Cr 1 Mo 28
Tensile stress = 400 N/ mm2
Compressive stress assumed = 1100 N/ mm2
Compressive stress theoretical =1058.479 N/ mm2
14
SPUR GEAR
Torque, T = 7.127Nm
c =635.63N/mm2
b =106 N/mm2
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Condition for True Rolling
While tackling a turn, the condition of perfect rolling motion
will be satisfied if all the four wheel axes when projected at one
point called the instantaneous centre, and when the following
equation is satisfied.
Cot Ø- Cotθ = c/b
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4 MODES OF 4WS
• Parallel parking
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FOUR MODES OF STEERING
MECHANISM
• The 360 degree rotation mode of 4WS is applied by chain movement which
helps in movement of wheels in the required position.
• The movement of wheels is in a way that the vehicle will move or turn in
360 degree. 24
WORKING PRINCIPLE
• When the lock nut is removed, the steering operation is carried out
in normal condition. That is only front wheels steer.
• When the lock nut is inserted, the other two modes can be used.
When the gear arrangement is pushed to one position, the spur gears
get engaged and the steering of rear wheel is ensured and is in same
direction as that of the front wheels.
• When the gear arrangement is moved to other side, the spur gear
disengages and the bevel gear gets engaged. Due to bevel gear
arrangement, the rear wheel steers in opposite direction to the front
wheel. This results in third mode steering.
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DESIGN OF THE MODEL
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Fig 4:Rack and pinion
29
APPLICATIONS
1. Parallel Parking Maneuver Simplified With 0º rotation
Mode
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ANALYSIS
32
2. Shorter radius turning mode
Turning angle of front wheels = 22°
Turning angle of rear wheels = -17°
Turning radius calculated = 2.779m
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4. Zero degree rotation mode
• From the above analysis it was found that the short radius
turning mode has less turning radius while not considering
zero degree rotation mode which can rotate in its current
position.
Implementation is easy
Mechanism is complex.
More expensive.
Construction is difficult
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VISIBLE OUTPUT
• A paper was presented entitled “Four wheel steered multi-utility
vehicle- a review” in the national conference on IDEAS -16 held at
UKF College of Engineering & Technology, Paripally on 31 March
2016.
• A paper was submitted entitled “Four wheel steered multi-utility
vehicle- a review” on IJES.
• Paper selected entitled “Four wheel steered multi-utility vehicle- a
review” on IJES.
• Participated in the project expo competition held at RIT Kottayom.
• Participated in the project expo SRISHTI -16 organized by Jyothi
Engineering College Cheruthuruthy, held on 19 March 2016
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CONCLUSION
The four-wheel steering system has got cornering capability,
steering response, straight-line stability, lane changing and low-speed
maneuverability.
39
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41
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THANK YOU
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