IB Maths SL – Formula Sheet

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Topic 1: Algebra Topic 5: Statistics & Probability

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The n term of an arithmetic 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑢1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 Mean of a set of data ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
sequence 𝑥̅ =
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖
Sum of an arithmetic 𝑛 𝑛
𝑠𝑛 = (2𝑢1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑) = (𝑢1 + 𝑢𝑛 ) Probability of an event A 𝑛(𝐴)
sequence 2 2 𝑃(𝐴) =
𝑛(𝑢)
The nth term of a geometric 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑢1𝑟 𝑛−1 Complementary events 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐴′ ) = 1
sequence
Combined events 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
Sum of a geometric sequence 𝑢1(𝑟 𝑛 − 1) 𝑢1(1 − 𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑠𝑛 = = 𝑠𝑛 = ,𝑟 ≠ 1
𝑟−1 1−𝑟 Mutually exclusive events 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)
Sum of an infinity geometric 𝑢1
𝑠∞ = , |𝑟| < 1 Conditional probability 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵|𝐴)
sequence 1−𝑟
Independent events 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)
Exponents & logs 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑏 ↔ 𝑥 = log 𝑎 𝑏
Expected value of a discrete 𝐸(𝑋) = 𝜇 = ∑ 𝑥 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥)
Log laws log 𝑎 𝑏 + log 𝑎 𝑐 = log 𝑎 𝑏𝑐 random variable X
𝑥
𝑏
log 𝑎 𝑏 − log 𝑎 𝑐 = log 𝑎
𝑐 Binomial distribution 𝑋~𝐵(𝑛, 𝑝)
𝑛
log 𝑎 𝑏𝑟 = 𝑟 log 𝑎 𝑏 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑟) = ( ) 𝑝𝑟 (1 − 𝑝)𝑛−𝑟 , 𝑟 = 0,1,2. . 𝑛
𝑟
log 𝑎 𝑏
log 𝑐 𝑏 = Mean 𝐸(𝑋) = 𝑛𝑝
log 𝑎 𝑐
Variance 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) = 𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝)
Binomial coefficient 𝑛 𝑛!
( )=
𝑟 𝑟! (𝑛 − 𝑟)! Standardized normal 𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝑛
variable 𝜎
Binomial expansion (𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑛 𝑛
= 𝑎𝑛 + ( ) 𝑎𝑛−1𝑏+. . . + ( ) 𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏𝑟 +. . . + 𝑏𝑛
1 𝑟
Topic 6: Calculus
Topic 2: Functions & Equations Derivative of a function 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim (
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
)
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ
Axis of symmetry −𝑏
𝑥=
2𝑎 Standard derivatives 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 → 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑥 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 → 𝑓′(𝑥) = cos 𝑥
Log & exponential functions 𝑎 =𝑒
log 𝑎 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥 = 𝑎log𝑎 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 → 𝑓′(𝑥) = − sin 𝑥
Quadratic formula −𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 1
𝑥= 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥 → 𝑓′(𝑥) =
2𝑎 cos 2 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 → 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥
Discriminant ∆ = 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
1
𝑓(𝑥) = ln 𝑥 → 𝑓′(𝑥) =
𝑥
Topic 3: Circular Functions & Trigonometry Chain rule 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑢), 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥) → = ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
Length of arc 𝑙 = 𝜃𝑟
Product rule 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
Area of sector 1 2 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣 → =𝑢 +𝑣
𝐴= 𝜃𝑟 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
Quotient rule 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
Trig identities sin 𝜃 𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
tan 𝜃 = 𝑦= → = 2
cos 𝜃 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑣
cos 2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 = 1 Standard integrals 𝑥 𝑛+1
∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶 , 𝑛 ≠ −1
sin 2𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑛+1

cos 2𝜃 = cos 2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃 1

∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 + 𝐶 , 𝑥 > 0
= 2 cos 2 𝜃 − 1 𝑥
= 1 − 2 sin2 𝜃
∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
Cosine rule 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
cos 𝐶 =
2𝑎𝑏
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
Sine rule 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= =
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶
Area of triangle 1 Area under a curve 𝑏
𝐴= 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶 between x = a and x = b 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑎

Volume of revolution about 𝑏

Topic 4: Vectors the x-axis from x = a to x = b 𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑎

Magnitude of a vector
Dot / Scalar product
𝑡2
|𝒗| = √𝑣1 2 + 𝑣22 + 𝑣3 2 Total distance travelled
from t1 to t2 distance = ∫ |𝑣(𝑡)| 𝑑𝑡
𝑡1
𝒗 ∙ 𝒘 = |𝒗||𝒘| cos 𝜃
𝒗 ∙ 𝒘 = 𝑣1 𝑤1 + 𝑣2𝑤2 + 𝑣3 𝑤3

Angle between 2 vectors cos 𝜃 =

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