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Design thresholds
Corresponding Understand
thresholds - Relation between Target figure and design threshold
2 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
What is needed to know?
Required UE class,
Peak Throughput Marketing
Number of users,
Cell Throughput/ cell capacity Base band capacity
Max. Pathloss,
Cell edge User throughput Cell range, coverage
Thresholds, RSRP, SINR
Capacity, latency
Reference services/ QoS class TCP, UDP, VoLTE
QCI9, QCI5,QCI1
3 Volker Hoehn,,TSO-A-Design Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
LTE Design Standard – Target performance figures
Deployment LTE Coverage LTE Capacity in Hot spots
scenario
LTE1800** LTE1800 LTE2600
LTE800* LTE TDD 2600
LTE configuration BW: BW: BW: 15/20
Bandwidth (BW): 10 MHz BW: 20 MHz
10/15/20MHz 10/15/20MHz MHz
Peak
Downlink Peak
Through 60 60/90/120 60/90120 90/120 60
Throughput in Mbps
put
Uplink Peak
30 30/45/60 30/45/60 45/60 25
Throughput in Mbps
58Mbps
60.000.000
50.000.000
DL throughput, [bit/s]
40.000.000
√ 10.000.000
-
-130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50
RSRP [dBm] (Samsung-stick, inside car,without antenna)
6 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
Uplink Throughput versus RSRP
in a unloaded cell, max.
throughput can be reached
FTP-UL Drivetest HXL123 Buchholz
LTE800 10MHz Bandwidth with RSRP >= -100 dBm
20.000.000
15.000.000
UL throughput, [bit/s]
even in worse radio conditions 10.000.000
(-110 to -120 dBm), throughput
~ 500 Kbit/s could be reached!
Average throughput
√ Æ 10 Mbps
5.000.000
√
-
-130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50
RSRP [dBm] (Samsung-stick, inside car,without antenna)
9 Confidentiality level: C2
LTE Standard Target Thresholds on Stationary-CPE & Mobile usage for
Coverage & Quality dimensioning
Deployment LTE Coverage LTE Capacity in Hot spots
scenario
LTE*800 LTE800 LTE1800
LTE1800 LTE2600 LTE TDD 2600
Configuration 10MHz 10MHz 10MHz
10MHz 20MHz 20MHz
CPE mobile coverage
Downlink Cell
Edge throughput 1 1 1 1 1 1
in Mbps (single user)
Uplink Cell Edge
Throughput in Mbps 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
(single user)
Maximum
146 142 142 142 142 142
Path loss in dB
3dB increase due to 3dB Reference Signal boosting/ no RS boosting
RSRP Threshold
-114/-117 -114/-117 - 110/-113 - 110/-113 - 110/-113 - 110/-113
street level dBm
RS-SINR Threshold
-3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3
in dB
EIRP dBm 58,50 TX power per antenna branch + antenna gain – RRH TX
loss
RX side - Downlink
Thermal noise density dBm/Hz -174,00
Thermal noise floor dBm -104,46 Thermal Noise density + 10Log (Assigned Bandwidth in
Hz)
UE Noise figure dB 7,00
Receiver noise floor dBm -97,46 Thermal noise floor + UE Noise figure
Implementation loss (IL)+ DL gains dB -2,00 Indoor pedestrian + TX Div gain (2dB)+ IRC gain
Interference margin (IM) dB 4,00 Reference case – low load at cell edge
Total noise + interference dBm -95,46 Receiver noise floor + interference margin+implement.
loss
Required SNR (target/cell edge bit-rate) dB -3,00 Related to the target/cell edge bit-rate of 1 Mbps
Receiver sensitivity with IM+IL dBm -98,46 Total noise + interference + required SNR
Body loss dB 0,00
UE antenna gain dBi -6,00
Log normal fading margin (LFM) dB 9,00 Corresponds to cell edge coverage probability of 85%
Max Path Loss on street level dB 141,96 EIRP – Receiver Sensit. + UE ant gain - body loss-LFM
LTE Radio&Transport Design Standard
12 Volker Hoehn,,TSO-A-Design Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
LTE Reference Link Budget –LTE800 - Uplink
TX side - Uplink Reference case: 10 MHz channel bandwidth
Target bit rate/ cell edge throughput Mbps 0,50 e.g. minimum bit-rate per user or guaranteed bit rate
Number of assigned Resource blocks (RBs) 8,00 According to localised assignment
Assigned Bandwidth MHz 1,44 (Number of assigned RBs) x 12 Subcarriers x 15kHz Sub-
carrier spacing
UE power dBm 21,00
UE antenna gain dBi -6,00
Body loss dB 0,00
EIRP dBm 15,00 UE power + antenna gain – body loss
RX side - Uplink
Noise density dBm/Hz -174,00
Thermal Noise floor dBm -112,42 Thermal Noise density + 10log (Assigned Bandwidth in Hz)
Required SNR (target/cell edge bit-rate dB -3,00 Related to the target/cell edge bit-rate: optimum SNR
Receiver sensitivity with IM dBm -122,42 Total noise + interference + required SNR
RX loss RRH dB 1,00 In case of RRH & BS with TMA it is 1 dB
BS antenna gain dBi 15,00
Log normal fading margin (LFM) dB 9,00 Corresponds to cell edge coverage probability of 85%
Max Path Loss on street level dB 142,42 EIRP – Receiver Sensit. + UE ant gain - body loss-LFM
LTE Radio&Transport Design Standard
13 Volker Hoehn,,TSO-A-Design Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
LTE Reference Link Budget – LTE2600 - Downlink
TX side – Downlink Reference case: 20 MHz channel bandwidth
Target bit-rate/ cell edge throughput Mbps 1,00 e. g. Minimum bit-rate per user or guaranteed bit rate
Number of assigned Resource blocks 100,00 Equal distributed over all RBs
Assigned Bandwidth MHz 18,00 Effective bandwidth for noise floor calculation (#RB
*180Khz)
Total TX power dBm 49,00 Total power available to be fed into antenna configuration
EIRP dBm 63,00 TX power per antenna branch + antenna gain – RRH TX
loss
RX side - Downlink
Thermal noise density dBm/Hz -174,00
Thermal noise floor dBm -101,45 Thermal Noise density + 10Log (Assigned Bandwidth in
Hz)
UE Noise figure dB 7,00
Receiver noise floor dBm -94,45 Thermal noise floor + UE Noise figure
Implementation loss (IL) dB -1,00 Indoor pedestrian + TX Div gain (2dB)
Interference margin (IM) dB 7,00 Reference case – medium to high load at cell edge
Total noise + interference dBm -88,45 Receiver noise floor + interference margin+implement.
loss
Required SNR (target/cell edge bit-rate) dB -3,00 Related to the target/cell edge bit-rate of 1 Mbps
Receiver sensitivity with IM+IL dBm -91,45 Total noise + interference + required SNR
Body loss dB 0,00
UE antenna gain dBi -3,00
Log normal fading margin (LFM) dB 9,00 Corresponds to cell edge coverage probability of 85%
Max Path Loss on street level dB 142,45 EIRP – Receiver Sensit. + UE ant gain - body loss-LFM
Assigned Bandwidth MHz 1,44 (Number of assigned RBs) x 12 Subcarriers x 15kHz Sub-
carrier spacing
UE power dBm 21,00
UE antenna gain dBi -3,00
Body loss dB 0,00
EIRP dBm 18,00 UE power + antenna gain – body loss
RX side - Uplink
Noise density dBm/Hz -174,00
Thermal Noise floor dBm -112,42 Thermal Noise density + 10log (Assigned Bandwidth in Hz)
Required SNR (target/cell edge bit-rate dB -3,00 Related to the target/cell edge bit-rate: optimum SNR
Receiver sensitivity with IM dBm -116,42 Total noise + interference + required SNR
RX loss RRH dB 1,00 In case of RRH & BS with TMA it is 1 dB
BS antenna gain dBi 18,00
Log normal fading margin (LFM) dB 9,00 Corresponds to cell edge coverage probability of 85%
Max Path Loss on street level dB 142,42 EIRP – Receiver Sensit. + UE ant gain - body loss-LFM
LTE Radio&Transport Design Standard
15 Volker Hoehn,,TSO-A-Design Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
LTE Features for LTE planning to improve the LTE Uplink
GAP
final:
GAP in MPL 0
between DL & UL
of upto 10 dB Higher gain
Antenna: + 1.5dB
4-way Rx
Diversity:
Optimum SNR +2.5dB
for cell edge:
Interference
+4dB
rejection
Frequency combining:
domain 3dB
scheduling:
UL fractional 3dB
power control:
TTI bundling 1dB
for VoIP:
3dB
R
GAP:
10dB LTE Radio&Transport Design Standard
16 Volker Hoehn,,TSO-A-Design Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
• Over The Air Pathloss (OTA PL) target figure: ≥ 142dB
E// Huawei
PATHLOSS vs. DL Troughput
170
160
OTA Pathloss [dB]
150
140
130
120
110 PATHLOSS
100
90
80
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
DL Network Throughput
DL-TP: 1Mbps
DL-TP: 5Mbps
PATHLOSS vs. UL Throughput
170
160
OTA Pathloss [dB]
150
140
130
120
110 OTA PATHLOSS
100
90
80
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
UL Network Througput [kbit/s]
UL-TP:0.5Mbps UL-TP:2.5Mbps
Presentation title in footer
17 Confidentiality level: C2
E2E KPI result fits VF Design requirements
27 August 2014
to reach max.
Downlink Throughput versus RSRP throughput, RSRP must
be >= -70 dBm
UDP-DL Drivetest HXL6P5 Lindwedel
LTE800 10MHz Bandwidth
60.000.000
50.000.000
DL throughput, [bit/s]
√
40.000.000
Cell edge Throughput
30.000.000
even in worse radio
conditions (-110 to -120
dBm), throughput Average Throughput 20.000.000
between 1 – 5 Mbit/s
could be reached! Æ 20Mbps
√ 10.000.000
-
-130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50
RSRP [dBm] (Samsung-stick, inside car,without antenna)
RSRP Threshold
LTE Radio&Transport Design Standard
√
18 Presentation
Volker title in footer
Hoehn,,VTN-A-Design Confidentiality level: C2
-114dBm
27 August 2014
Uplink Throughput versus RSRP in a unloaded cell, max.
throughput can be reached
FTP-UL Drivetest HXL123 Buchholz
LTE800 10MHz Bandwidth with RSRP >= -100 dBm
20.000.000
15.000.000
UL throughput, [bit/s]
even in worse radio conditions 10.000.000
(-110 to -120 dBm), throughput
~ 500 Kbit/s could be reached!
Average throughput
√ Æ 10 Mbps
5.000.000
√
-
-130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50
RSRP [dBm] (Samsung-stick, inside car,without antenna)
pathlossmax_DL
Received
Reference Signal
Design Threshold
( RSRP, RS-SINR)
R
Target cell
Cell Range
Edge throughput
LTE Radio&Transport Design Standard
20 Volker Hoehn,,TSO-A-Design Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
Example: LTE2600 Threshold Explanation dense urban
Corresponding threshold you find in the
RSRP= - 110 dBm LTE Radio & Transport Design Document
Indoor
LTE eNode B
site
Penetration loss 25 dB
dense urban indoor
RSRP= - 85 dBm
outdoor measured
„measured outdoor
to secure indoor“
Cell edge
Cell range
LTE Radio&Transport Design Standard
21 Volker Hoehn,,TSO-A-Design Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
Downlink/ Uplink throughput versus SINR as example
DL: RLC Throughput Mbps
80
60
40
RLC Throughput Mbps
20
0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
RS-SINR in dB
SINR: - 3dB
17.500 750
15.000
12.500 500
10.000
7.500 250
5.000
2.500
0 0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
SINR [dB]
24 Confidentiality level: C2
- URBAN AREA
25 Confidentiality level: C2
LTE Cell ranges & Inter- Site- Distance as indication
Cell ranges/ISD
[km]
Dense urban 0.2 / 0.3 0.29 / 0.45 0.51 / 0.77 0.54 / 0.8 0.67 / 1
indoor
Urban 0.23/ 0.35 0.33 / 0.5 0.58 / 0.87 0.62 / 0.93 0.78 / 1.2
indoor
Suburban 0.32/ 0.5 0.45 / 0.68 0.8 / 1.2 0.85 / 1.3 1.1 / 1.65
indoor
Design Target
Peak PDSCH throughput by number of measured neighbours (10dB window)
Total number of users per site 360 users per site 400 active users (BBU)
DORM ANT
Active Data ACTIVE
< 50 ms “long DRX”
Transfer, or
“ long DRX” RRC_ CONNECTED
(EM M -CONNECTED)
EMM registered,
< 1 00 ms
ECM connected
UE on,
Inactivity timer:
IP Ad ress +
IDLE EM M -IDLE 60s Æ 11s
Core Network
ECM idle,
connected
EMM registered
Not sp ec ified
UE off,
no IP Ad ress DETACHED EM
EMMM -DETACHED
deregistered
25 • User plane
- Latency including resource allocation
20
Core
delay approx 20 ms
BTS
15 UE
- Latency with pre-allocated resources <15 ms
Capacity grant
ms
Capacity request
10 Retransmissions
Buffering time < 20 ms
Transmission time
5
• Control plane:
0
- Less than 100 ms e.g. to allow fast
LTE round trip time
transition times from idle state
to active state.
Latency
Round Trip Delay Idle to Active Time
19 ms
134 ms Single User
23 ms
147 ms Multi‐user
35 ms
100 ms
0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00
Latency [m s]
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27 August 2014
Performance acceptance Targets – e.g. VF-DE
Target values in different scenarios for milestone Ready for Customer (RFC)
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27 August 2014
Abbreviations
LTE – Long Term Evolution of UMTS
2G- 2. generation Mobile Network – GSM
MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output
3G – 3. generation Mobile Network – UMTS
MPLS - Multi Protocol Label Switching
ANR – Automatic Neighbour Relations
BEP – Backhaul Evolution Program MW – Micro wave
KPI – Key Performance Indicator UDP –User datagram Protocol in the internet
UL – Uplink
34 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014 VPN – Virtual Private Network