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By
are not true amino acids but rather ionized internal ammonium salts.
Bjerrum denominate this particular type of substance " zwitterions" .
PK1 + PK2
pH = ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
2
The same author added also that the iso-electric point is a state of
hydrogen ion concentration where the ampholyte exists at the maximum
degree at a zwitterions and the positive charges on the zwitterion exactly
balance the negative charges of the molecule.
amino acids content. Analysis of amino acids was carried out according
to Block et al . (1958).
Protein of seed varieties was extracted by using alkaline solution.
10 gm of ground seeds ( particle size of 1.0 and 0.4 mm .) were used to
sodium hydroxide for 30 min. , extraction time . The supernatant was
considered to have 100% soluble nitrogen . Aliquots of 20 ml for every
sample were adjusted to pH values ranging from 1.0 to 13 and left for 3
hours under refrigeration for equilibration . Volumes of suspensions were
brought to 50 ml. with distilled water and centrifuged at 3000 r. p. m. for
15 min. Supernatants were analyzed for their nitrogen content and results
were expressed as percent of total extracted nitrogen in the initially
prepared alkaline extract .
(pKa – 3.50) and the more basic amino acids lysine (pKa =12) and
arginine (pKa = 10.46).
From table (2) , it can be seen also that ratios between the more
acidic amino acids (A) and more basic amino acids (B) showed the
highest value in barely (2.47) while lupine and horsebean showed the
lowest values ( 1.57 and 1.58 respectively).
Table (1) : Essential amino acids , asparatic and glutamic non essential
amino acids of fenugreek, lupine ,sorghum, rice horsbean and
barley proteins ( gm/100 gm protein).
Amino acids Fenugreek Lupine Sorghum Rice Horsebean Barely
Lysine 6.66 4.38 1.75 5.08 5.40 2.81
Histidine 1.87 1.71 2.20 2.28 3.50 2.47
Arginine 10.60 11.58 8.70 8.69 9.70 7.80
Thereonine 3.58 3.08 2.20 3.62 2.40 3.51
Methionine 0.48 0.48 2.12 1.66 0.90 2.70
Valine 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.09 5.40 4.30
Phenylalanine 4.80 4.18 3.35 6.00 4.40 3.30
Leucine+ 19.30 21.97 12.75 10.56 14.31 10.42
isole.
Tryptophan 1.21 1.35 1.05 1.05 1.10 0.90
Total of esse-
ntial amino 53.50 53.73 36.92 48.13 47.11 37.71
acids
Asparatic 11.17 9.59 6.70 8.15 9.30 6.62
Gutamic 20.10 15.55 15.71 14.16 14.60 19.65
Total of
Asparatic + 31.27 25.14 22.41 22.31 23.90 26.27
glutamic
Table (2): Asparatic + glutamic, Lysine + arginie amino acids and iso-
electric points of fenugreek , lupine , sorghum, rice horsbean
and barely proteins.
Amino Acids
(gm/100 gm
protein)
Samples Asparatic Lysine Total A/B ratio IEP
+ +
Glutamic Arginine
( A) (B)
Fenugreek 31.27 17.26 48.53 1.8120 4.5
Lupine 25.1 15.96 41.10 1.570 4.0
Sorghum 22.31 10.45 32.76 2.130 4.0
Rice 22.31 13.77 36.08 1.630 4.0
Horsbean 23.90 15.10 39.00 1.580 4.0
Barely 26.27 10.60 36.87 2.470 3.5-4.0
Relation between log . A/B ratios and IEP of proteins was linear ,
therefore , straight line equation was used to establish the suggested
equation as follows :
IEP = 3.73 + 1.79 log. A/B
The minimum and maximum of A/B ratios and IEP of protein are
summarized in table(4) . From data presented in this table it can be seen
that as the range of acidic to basic amino acids is low , the iso-electric
range is also low .Otherwise , increasing of IEP of protein is due to
increases of the range of acidic to basic amino acids.
A/B IEP ratio was also calculated for true protein (table 4 ).
From obtained results it can be seen that every one pH effected on 2.57%
of A/B ratio , where IEP was expressed as pH value .
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