THE EARTH LA TI e: RRf\

UNIVERSE MOVEMENT THE MOON

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CELESTIAL SOOIES ROTATION , REVOLUTION LUNAR PHASES ECLIPSES
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GALAXIES
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ASTEROIDS METEORITES ~~'".)

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 THE EARTH ( UNIT 1) Lf' 1" \ €.RR.~

THE UNIVERSE ~1.- VNi Je.RSO

• It's all the matter and space that exists ( Celestial bodies: galaxies, stars, planets, satellites, comets, asteroids and meteorites)
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• It's also contains gases and cosmic dust
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How did the universe begin?: The Big Bang Theory : ~fl the matter in the universe was together. Then it exploded and the particles
travelled in all directions. ~ter, these particles formed the c~lestial bodies l\ ~ J.JL ~<.rv,)~ 4.00Q.. urN..-J...o... ~n~
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GALAXIES 6A t,AX" AS

• It's an enormous cloud of stars and other celestial bodies e: V"l~ ~ ck ~t.JL0v':) J:O~ ~Y) ~~

• There are billions in the universe. One of them it's the Via Lactea or Milky Way.

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It's got a spiral shape and it contains billions of stars, like the Sun
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• They have got different shapes: spherical, elliptical, spiral or irregular

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2- THE SOLAR SYSTEM SL S \ S""i""t:. M 'P- So \.- P.(Z.

• It's part of the Milky Way Galaxy

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• It includes the Sun and all the celestial bodies that revolve around it: planets, natural satellites, asteroids, comets and meteorites
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Planets: r~

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• Spherical bodies that revolve around a star ~o~ ~~ "~

• they don't produce their own Iight {\Jo F~ k ~~

• Classification of planets: ~ ck... ~

o. The Inner planets ( near the Sun) : Mercury, Venus, The Earth and Mars
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• The Outer planets ( far from the Sun): Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
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Venus: (he Morning Star: l1's the brightest .object in the morning sk.y. l1's similar in size to Earth o o

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Mars: The Red Planet. It's about 50% the size of Earth
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Saturn: i1's a gas giant. It has got a system of rings made .of small rocks and dust n o

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Mercury: i1's the smallest planet. It's the closest to the Sun
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The Earth: the Blue Planet ( 75% is covered by water). The atmosphere has got oxygen and carbon dioxide that are essential for life
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Jupiter: i1's giant. It's made of gas. l1's the largest planet. It has got 16 natural satellites
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5TAR [Sí~ELLA

• It's a celestial body with a spherical shape .

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• It's made of gases ( helium and hydrogen)

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• It produces light and heat

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• We can Clas~ ~~ • rC~Q"") c..l~ .~ ~r::n.:

Colour: white, yellow, red or a combination of these colours. ----------- the Sun is yellow-orange
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a large star is called a giant A small star, like the Sun, is called a dwarf
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• The Sun and other stars move in two ways: 8... I:o~ J o~ ~ ,~ ~,l~ de- 2. ,~---o""."L.I"\.~:

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Rotation Rot.~:;'" Revolution T~·.",

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It rotates on an imaginary axis
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It turns in an anticlockwise direction it orbits around the Via Lactea ( 220 million
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Natural Satellites: ~ cJ;: l.~/)

• Smaller celestial bodies that revolve around planets.

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• Don't produce their own light

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• The Earth has got one: The Moon

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OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES e U6, (Z..fos cE t...E s-rc:::> o ASiRo..$

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bodies of rocks sm~lIer than planets tha,a~e part of an Asteroid belt . ~
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• Comets: CD~
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bodies of rocks and ice rev e around the Sun The Halley's Comet

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produce a bright tail of water vapour and gas
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• Meteorites: f'v\..JL.o~

small pieces of rocks from asteroids and comets that travel through the spaee. When they enter the atmosphere, they burn and
produce a bright tail of lighí. They are also called: shooting stars
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 3- HOW DOES THE EARTH MOVE? ¿ Co'-"':"o '")j2... ~ L \~7

1- Rotation: The Earth rotates on an imaginary axis from west to east ( in an anticlockwise direction)
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from the North Pole to South Pole the axis has an inclination of 23 degrees it takes 24 hours
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day
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2- Revolution: the Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit

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It takes one year causes the changes of seasons ~~ ~ ~~~

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365 days, 6 hours and 9 minutes Summer solstice: 21th June

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Autumnal equinox: 23th September Winter solstice: 22th December

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 THE MOO~ lA' C~_'('J_'f\ ~~ ~ ~ __

It's the natural satellite of the Earth

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Rotation R~ Revolution I~~

On an imaginary axis around the Earth ~ de R-..

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28 days -¿?l cL-A-. 28days 2.3 ~

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Lunar phases l~ ~~

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Lunar phases: .~~ ~~

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New Moon First quarter Full moon Last quarter
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We'can't see the Meen we see ene quarter we see all ef a side we see ene quarter. It gets smaller
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It gets bigger
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Eclipses €. c..L. i P S€ .s

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It happens when the Earth, the Maan and the Sun are in a straight line 2 types 2. l=f ~
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salarecli~ Lunar eclipse

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the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon
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