Ece Reviewer (EST)

Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2-Part 1
What is the major advantage of the A. Medium (Ans.) A. Air

telegraph over earlier methods of B. Source B. Sound (Ans.)
communication? C. Detector C. Radio
D. Receiver D. Light
A. Range
B. Speed (Ans.) Which of the following is NOT an What are the three audible frequency
C. Security element necessary to propagate sound? ranges?
D. Reliability
A. Medium A. Subsonic, sonic, and supersonic
The spreading out of radio waves is B. Source B. Infrasonic, sonic, and ultrasonic
referred to as propagation and is used in C. Detector (Ans.)
which of the following Navy equipment? D. Reference (Ans.) C. Infrasonic, subsonic, and ultrasonic
D. Infrasonic, subsonic, and supersonic
A. Detection If a wave has a velocity of 4,800 feet per
B. Communication (Ans.) second and a wave-length of 5 feet, what If a bell is placed in a jar and the air in the
C. Radar and navigation is the frequency of the wave? jar is replaced with a gas of a higher
D. Each of the above density, what is the effect, if any, on the
A. 9.6 Hz speed of the sound when the bell is rung?
Radio-frequency waves CANNOT be B. 96 Hz
seen for which of the following reasons? C. 960 Hz (Ans.) A. The sound stops
D. 9,600 Hz B. The sound travels faster
A. Because radio-frequency energy is C. The sound travels slower (Ans.)
low powered Which of the following statements about a D. The sound is not affected
B. Because radio-frequency waves are wave is the law of reflection?
below the sensitivity range of the Varying which of the following wave
human eye (Ans.) A. The angle of incidence is equal to the characteristics will cause the length of
C. Because the human eye detects only refracted wave sound waves to vary?
magnetic energy B. The angle of incidence is not equal to
D. Because radio-frequency waves are the refracted wave A. Phase
above the sensitivity range of the C. The angle of incidence is equal to the B. Quality
human eye angle of reflection(Ans.) C. Amplitude
D. The angle of incidence is not equal to D. Frequency (Ans.)
Radio waves travel at what speed? the angle of reflection
What are the three basic characteristics of
A. Speed of sound If a wave passes first through a dense sound?
B. Speed of light (Ans.) medium and then through a less dense
C. Speed of the Earth's rotation medium, which of the following angle- A. Amplitude, intensity, and quality
D. Speed of the Earth's orbit around the of-refraction conditions exists? B. Amplitude, pitch, and tone
Sun C. Pitch, intensity, and quality (Ans.)
A. The angle of refraction is greater than D. Pitch, frequency, and quality
Which of the following types of energy the angle of incidence (Ans.)
CANNOT be seen, heard, or felt? B. The angle of refraction is less than If several musical instruments are playing
the angle of incidence the same note, you should be able to
A. Radio waves (Ans.) C. The angle of refraction is equal to the distinguish one instrument from another
B. Sound waves angle of incidence because of which of the following
C. Heat waves D. The wave will pass through in a characteristics of sound?
D. Light waves straight line
A. Quality (Ans.)
A stone dropped into water creates a The reception of an AM-band radio B. Overtones
series of expanding circles on the surface signal over mountains can be explained C. Frequency
of the water. This is an example of which by which of the following principles of D. Intensity
of the following types of wave motion? wave propagation?
Through which of the following mediums
A. Transverse (Ans.) A. Reflection will sound travel fastest, at the indicated
B. Concentric B. Refraction temperature?
C. Longitudinal C. Diffraction (Ans.)
D. Compression D. Doppler effect A. Air at 68º F
B. Lead at 20º C
A sound wave that moves back and forth What wave propagation principle C. Steel at 32º F
in the direction of propagation is an accounts for the apparent increase in D. Steel at 20º C (Ans.)
example of which of the following types frequency as a train whistle approaches
of wave motion? and the apparent decrease in frequency as In sound terminology, which of the
it moves away? following terms is the same as a wave
A. Composite reflection?
B. Concentric A. Refraction
C. Transverse B. Reflection A. Echo (Ans.)
D. Longitudinal (Ans.) C. Diffraction B. Image
D. Doppler’s effect (Ans.) C. Acoustics
Which of the following terms is used for D. Refraction
the vehicle through which a wave travels Longitudinal wave disturbances that
from point to point? travel through a medium are known as Multiple reflections of sound waves are
what type of waves? referred to as
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A. noise B. Magenta, yellow, and cyan (Ans.) C. density
B. acoustics C. Purple, yellow, and black D. complexity
C. interference D. Red, white, and blue
D. reverberation (Ans.) In a comparison of waves of light and
What causes sunlight to separate into sound as they travel from an air into
Two out-of-phase waves of the same different wavelengths and display a water, how is the speed of (a) light waves
frequency that are moving through the rainbow of colors when passed through a and (b) sound waves affected?
same medium are said to present which of prism?
the following types of interference? A. (a) Increased (b) increased
A. Refraction B. (a) Increased (b) decreased
A. Additive B. Reflection C. (a) Decreased (b) decreased
B. Constructive C. Dispersion (Ans.) D. (a) Decreased (b) increased (Ans.)
C. Both A and B above D. Diffraction
D. Subtractive (Ans.) Which of the following waves are NOT a
The sun, gas flames, and electric light form of electromagnetic energy?
A cavity that vibrates at its own natural filaments are visible because they are
frequency and produces a sound that is A. Heat waves
louder than at other frequencies is A. opaque B. Sound waves (Ans.)
demonstrating which of the following B. transparent C. Light waves
sound characteristics? C. nonluminous D. Radio waves
D. self-luminous (Ans.)
A. Noise The electromagnetic spectrum represents
B. Quality Substances that transmit almost all of the the entire range of electromagnetic waves
C. Resonance (Ans.) light waves falling upon them possess arranged in the order of their
D. Reverberation which of the following properties?
A. color
Energy in the form of light can be A. Opaqueness B. frequency (Ans.)
produced through which of the following B. Transparence (Ans.) C. visibility
means? C. Translucence D. application
D. Self-lumination
A. Chemical Which of the following portions of the
B. Electrical Some substances are able to transmit light frequency spectrum contains the highest
C. Mechanical waves but objects cannot be seen through frequency?
D. Each of the above (Ans.) them. Which of the following properties
does this statement describe? A. X-ray (Ans.)
The scientist, J. C. Maxwell, developed B. Radar
the theory that small packets of A. Opaqueness C. Light
electromagnetic energy called photons B. Transparence D. Cosmic
produce C. Translucence (Ans.)
D. Self-lumination Which of the following electronic devices
A. sound is used to radiate and/or collect
B. noise The speed of light depends on the medium electromagnetic waves?
C. echoes through which light travels. For which of
D. light (Ans.) the following reasons does light travel A. Antenna (Ans.)
through empty space faster than through B. Receiver
A large volume of light radiating in a an object such as glass? C. Transmitter
given direction is referred to as a D. Transmission line
A. Space is less dense than glass (Ans.)
A. ray B. Space is more dense than glass The electric field and magnetic field
B. beam (Ans.) C. Glass reflects the light back to the combine to form which of the following
C. shaft source types of waves?
D. pencil D. Glass refracts the light, causing the
light to travel in all directions A. Spherical
Which of the following units of B. Elliptical
measurement is/are used to measure very If a light wave strikes a sheet of glass at a C. Electromagnetic (Ans.)
short wavelengths of light? perpendicular angle, what is the effect, if D. Each of the above
any, on the light wave?
A. Angstrom (Ans.) The magnetic field radiated from an
B. Millimicron A. The wave is completely absorbed antenna is produced by what electrical
C. Both A and B above B. The wave is reflected back toward the property?
D. Millimeter source (Ans.)
C. The wave is refracted as it passes A. Voltage
What are the primary colors of light? through the glass B. Current (Ans.)
D. The wave is unchanged and continues C. Reactance
A. Red, blue, and yellow in a straight line D. Resistance
B. Red, blue, and green (Ans.)
C. Red, violet, and indigo The amount of absorption of the light that The electric field radiated from an
D. Blue, green, and violet strikes an object is determined by the antenna is produced by what electrical
object’s property?
What are the secondary colors of light?
A. Color (Ans.) A. Voltage (Ans.)
A. Orange, yellow, and blue-green B. purity B. Current
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C. Reactance following frequencies is NOT a A. (a) Electric (b) earth (Ans.)
D. Resistance harmonic? B. (a) Electric (b) antenna
C. (a) Magnetic (b) antenna
Applying RF energy to the elements of an A. 6,000 kHz D. (a) Magnetic (b) earth
antenna results in what phase relationship B. 5,000 kHz (Ans.)
between voltage and current? C. 3,000 kHz Energy radiated from an antenna is
D. 4,000 kHz (Ans.) considered horizontally polarized under
A. Voltage lags current by 90 degrees which of the following conditions?
(Ans.) A radio wave with a frequency of 32 kHz
B. Voltage leads current by 90 degrees is part of which of the following A. If the wavefront is in the horizontal
C. Voltage and current are 180 degrees frequency bands? plane
out of phase B. If the magnetic field is in the
D. Voltage and current are in phase A. The IF band (Ans.) horizontal plane
B. The MF band C. If the electric field is in the horizontal
What field exists close to the conductor C. The HF band plane (Ans.)
of an antenna and carries the current? D. The VHF band D. If the induction field is in the
horizontal plane
A. Electric A frequency of 3.5 GHz falls into what
B. Magnetic RF band? The ability of a reflecting surface to
C. Induction (Ans.) reflect a specific radio wave depends on
D. Radiation A. High which of the following factors?
B. Very high
What field travels through space after C. Super high (Ans.) A. Striking angle
being detached from the current-carrying D. Extremely high B. Wavelength of the wave
rod of an antenna? C. Size of the reflecting area
A radio wavelength expressed as 250 D. All of the above (Ans.)
A. Electric meters may also be expressed as how
B. Magnetic many feet? If the two reflected radio waves shown in
C. Induction the figure are received at the same instant
D. Radiation (Ans.) A. 410 at the receiving site, what will be the
B. 820 (Ans.) effect, if any, on signal quality?
Electric and magnetic fields on an antenna C. 1,230
reach their maximum intensity at which of D. 1,640 A. A stronger signal will be produced
the following times? B. A weak or fading signal will be
An increase in the frequency of a radio produced (Ans.)
A. When they are a full cycle apart wave will have what effect, if any, on the C. The signal will be completely
B. When they are three-quarter cycle velocity of the radio wave? canceled out
apart D. None of the above
C. When they are a half-cycle apart A. Increase (Ans.)
D. When they are a quarter-cycle apart B. Decrease The bending of a radio wave because of a
(Ans.) C. None change in its velocity through a medium is
D. Either increase or decrease known as
The induction field is made up of which
of the following fields? An increase in frequency of a radio wave A. refraction (Ans.)
will have what effect, if any, on the B. reflection
A. E field only wavelength of the radio wave? C. deflection
B. H field only D. diffraction
C. Both E and H fields (Ans.) A. Increase
D. None of the above B. Decrease (Ans.) Radio communications can be diffracted
C. Either to exceptionally long distances through
After the radiation field leaves an antenna, D. None of the above the use of (a) what frequency band at (b)
what is the relationship between the E and what relative power level?
H fields with respect to (a) phase and (b) What is the frequency, in kHz, of a radio
physical displacement in space? wave that is 40 meters long? A. (a) Very low frequency (b) Low
power
A. (a) In phase (b) 90 degrees (Ans.) A. 75 B. (a) Very high frequency (b) Low
B. (a) Out of phase (b) 90 degrees B. 750 power
C. (a) In phase (b) 180 degrees C. 7,500 (Ans.) C. (a) Very low frequency (b) High
D. (a) Out of phase (b) 180 degrees D. 75,000 power (Ans.)
D. (a) Very high frequency (b) High
What is the first harmonic of a radio wave What is the approximate wavelength, in power
that has a fundamental frequency of 2,000 feet, of a radio wave with a frequency of
kHz? 5,000 kHz? Electrically charged particles that affect
the propagation of radio waves are found
A. 6,000 kHz A. 197 feet in what atmospheric layer?
B. 2,000 kHz (Ans.) B. 1,970 feet
C. 3,000 kHz C. 19,700 feet A. Troposphere (Ans.)
D. 4,000 kHz D. 197,000 feet (Ans.) B. Ionosphere
C. Chronosphere
In a radio wave with a fundamental The polarity of a radio wave is determined D. Stratosphere
frequency of 1.5 kHz, which of the by the orientation of (a) what moving
field with respect to (b) what reference?
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Most weather phenomena take place in A. Alpha radiation The distance between the transmitter and
which of the following region of the B. Cosmic radiation the nearest point at which refracted waves
atmosphere? C. Infrared radiation return to earth is referred to as the
A. Troposphere (Ans.) D. Ultraviolet radiation (Ans.) A. skip distance (Ans.)
B. Ionosphere B. return distance
C. Chronosphere Ultraviolet waves of higher frequencies C. reception distance
D. Stratosphere produce ionized layers at what relative D. ground-wave distance
altitude(s)?
Radio wave propagation has the least When ground-wave coverage is LESS
effect because of its constancy on which A. Lower than the distance between the transmitter
of the following atmospheric layers? B. Higher and the nearest point at which the
C. Both A and B above (Ans.) refracted waves return to earth, which of
A. Troposphere D. None of the above the following reception possibilities
B. Ionosphere should you expect?
C. Chronosphere The density of ionized layers is normally
D. Stratosphere (Ans.) greatest during which of the following A. No sky-wave
periods? B. Weak ground wave
Long range, surface-wave C. A zone of silence (Ans.)
communications are best achieved when A. At night D. Strong ground wave
the signal is transmitted over seawater B. Before sunrise
with (a) what polarization at (b) what C. Between early morning and late The greatest amount of absorption takes
relative frequency? afternoon place in the ionosphere under which of the
D. Between afternoon and sunset (Ans.) following conditions?
A. (a) Vertical (b) Low
B. (a) Vertical (b) High (Ans.) Compared to the other ionospheric layers A. When sky wave intensity is the
C. (a) Horizontal (b) High at higher altitudes, the ionization density greatest
D. (a) Horizontal (b) Low of the D layer is B. When collision of particles is least
C. When the density of the ionized layer
The long-range VLF broadcasts are A. about the same is the greatest (Ans.)
possible because of the advantages of B. relatively low (Ans.) D. When precipitation is greatest
which of the following types of C. relatively high
propagation? D. None of the above Which of the following layers provide the
greatest amount of absorption to the
A. Diffraction What two layers in the ionosphere ionospheric wave?
B. Ionospheric refraction (Ans.) recombine and largely disappear at night?
C. Repeated reflection and refraction A. D and E (Ans.)
D. Both B and C above A. D and F (Ans.) B. D and F1
B. D and E C. E and F1
A space wave (a) is primarily a result of C. E and F2 D. F1 and F2
refraction in what atmospheric layer and D. F1 and F2
(b) extends approximately what distance If the signal strength of an incoming
beyond the horizon? For HF-radio communications covering signal is reduced for a prolonged period,
long distances, what is the most important what type of fading is most likely
A. (a) Ionosphere (b) One-tenth farther layer of the ionosphere? involved?
B. (a) Ionosphere (b) One-third farther
C. (a) Troposphere (b) One-third farther A. C A. Selective
(Ans.) B. D B. Multipath
D. (a) Troposphere (b) One-tenth farther C. E C. Absorption (Ans.)
D. F (Ans.) D. Polarization
The signal of a space wave is sometimes
significantly reduced at the receiving site Refraction of a sky wave in the Radio waves that arrive at a receiving site
because of which of the following ionosphere is influenced by which of the along different paths can cause signal
interactions? following factors? fading if these waves have different
A. Space-wave refraction A. Ionospheric density A. velocities

B. Space-wave reflections B. Frequency of the wave B. amplitudes
C. Ground-wave diffraction C. Angle of incidence of the wave C. phase relationships (Ans.)
D. Ground-wave reflections (Ans.) D. All of the above (Ans.) D. modulation percentages
For long-range communications in the HF A 10-MHz wave entering the ionosphere The technique of reducing multipath
band, which of the following types of at an angle greater than its critical angle fading by using several receiving antennas
waves is most satisfactory? will pass through the ionosphere and be at different locations is known as what
lost in space unless which of the type of diversity?
A. Sky wave (Ans.) following actions is taken?
B. Space wave A. Space (Ans.)
C. Surface wave A. The ground wave is canceled B. Receiver
D. Reflected ground wave B. The frequency of the wave is C. Frequency
increased (Ans.) D. Modulation
Ionization in the atmosphere is produced C. The frequency of the wave is
chiefly by which of the following types of decreased The amount of RF energy lost because of
radiation? D. The ground wave is reinforced ground reflections depends on which of
the following factors?
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A. Angle of incidence D. Each of the above (Ans.) At frequencies above 100 MHz, the
B. Ground irregularities greatest attenuation of RF energy from
C. Frequency of the wave A sudden and intense burst of ultraviolet raindrops is caused by which of the
D. Each of the above (Ans.) light is especially disruptive to following factors?
communications in which of the following A. Ducting
Receiving sites located near industrial frequency bands? B. Heat loss
areas can expect to have exceptionally C. Scattering (Ans.)
large losses in signal quality as a result of A. HF D. Absorption
which of the following propagation B. MF (Ans.)
situations? C. LF Under certain conditions, such as ducting,
D. VLF line-of-sight radio waves often propagate
A. Absorption for distances far beyond their normal
B. Multihop refraction The density of what ionosphere layer ranges because of which of the following
C. Natural interference increases because of a violent eruption on factors?
D. Man-made interference (Ans.) the surface of the sun?
A. Low cloud masses
Which of the following ionospheric A. D (Ans.) B. Ionospheric storms
variation causes densities to vary with the B. E C. Temperature inversions (Ans.)
axial rotation of the sun? C. F1 D. Frequency fluctuations
D. F2
A. Daily variation (Ans.) When ducting is present in the
B. Seasonal variation Which irregular variation in ionospheric atmosphere, multihop refraction of line-
C. 27-day sunspot cycle conditions can cause a waiting period of of-sight transmission can occur because of
D. 11-year sunspot cycle several days before communications which of the following factors?
return to normal?
Which of the following ionospheric A. Operating frequency of the
variation causes densities to vary with the A. Sporadic E transmitter
position of the earth in its orbit around the B. Ionospheric storms B. Height of the transmitting antenna
sun? C. Sudden ionospheric disturbance C. Angle of incidence of the radio wave
(Ans.) D. Each of the above (Ans.)
A. Daily variation D. Each of the above
B. Seasonal variation (Ans.) A propagation technique used to extend
C. 27-day sunspot cycle For a radio wave entering the atmosphere UHF transmission range beyond the
D. 411-year sunspot cycle of the earth at a given angle, the highest horizon uses which of the following
frequency at which refraction will occur is propagation characteristics?
Which of the following ionospheric known by which of the following terms?
variation causes densities to vary with the A. Ground reflection
time of the day? A. Usable frequency B. Ionospheric scatter
B. Refraction frequency C. Tropospheric scatter (Ans.)
A. Daily variation (Ans.) C. Maximum usable frequency (Ans.) D. Atmospheric refraction
B. Seasonal variation D. Optimum working frequency
C. 27-day sunspot cycle Communications by tropospheric scatter
D. 11-year sunspot cycle The most consistent communications can can be affected by which of the following
be expected at which of the following conditions?
What relative range of operating frequencies?
frequencies is required during periods of A. Sunspot activity
maximum sunspot activity? A. Critical frequency B. Atmospheric conditions (Ans.)
B. Maximum usable frequency C. Ionospheric disturbances
A. Lower C. Maximum working frequency D. All of the above
B. Medium D. Optimum working frequency (Ans.)
C. Higher (Ans.) What effect, if any, does the radiation
D. None of the above If the optimum working frequency for a angle of a transmitting antenna have on
communications link is 4,250 kHz, what the reception of communications by
What factor significantly affects the is the approximate maximum usable tropospheric scatter?
frequency of occurrence of the sporadic-E frequency?
layer? A. The lower the angle, the weaker the
A. 4,500 kHz signal
A. Seasons B. 5,000 kHz (Ans.) B. The lower the angle, the stronger the
B. Latitude (Ans.) C. 5,500 kHz signal
C. Weather conditions D. 4.6,000 kHz C. The lower the angle, the more
D. Ionospheric storms susceptible the signal is to distortion
In determining the success of radio D. None of the above (Ans.)
What effect can the sporadic-E layer have transmission, which of the following
on the propagation of sky waves? factors is the LEAST predictable? Which of the following descriptions of
tropospheric scatter signal reception is
A. Causes multipath interference A. Antenna capabilities NOT true?
B. Permits long distance B. Weather conditions along the path of
communications at unusually high communication (Ans.) A. Receiver signal strength decreases as
frequencies C. Density of ionized layers the turbulence height is increased
C. Permits short-distance D. Presence of ionized layers (Ans.)
communications in the normal skip B. The level of reception depends on the
zone number of turbulences causing scatter
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C. The energy received is the portion of
the wave reradiated by the turbulence Uniform capacitance throughout the A. Expected value of current flow
D. Increased communications distance length of the line is an advantage of which through the insulation (Ans.)
enables more turbulence to act on the of the following transmission lines? B. Expected value of voltage supplied
signal, thereby raising the received A. Coaxial line by the transmitter
signal level B. Twisted pair C. Value of the lump and distributed
C. Shielded pair (Ans.) constants of the line divided by
The tropospheric scatter signal is often D. Two-wire open line impedance
characterized by very rapid fading caused D. Value of the lump and distributed
by which of the following factors? What is the primary advantage of a rigid constants of the line divided by
coaxial line? impedance
A. Extreme path lengths
B. Multipath propagation (Ans.) A. Low radiation losses (Ans.) Electrical constants in a transmission line
C. Turbulence in the atmosphere B. Inexpensive construction are distributed in which of the following
D. Angle of the transmitted beam C. Low high-frequency losses ways?
D. Each of the above
For which of the following A. Into a single device
communications situations would Which of the following wave-guides is B. Along the length of the line (Ans.)
turbulence in the troposphere scatter seldom used because of its large energy C. According to the thickness of the line
transmission? loss characteristics? D. According to the cross-sectional area
of the line
A. 10 MHz, range 200 miles A. Metallic
B. 30 MHz, range 800 miles B. Dielectric (Ans.) Leakage current in a two-wire
C. 50 MHz, range 600 miles C. Elliptical transmission line is the current that flows
D. 100 MHz, range 400 miles (Ans.) D. Cylindrical through what component?
A transmission line is designed to perform To some degree, transmission lines A. The resistor (Ans.)
which of the following functions? always exhibit which of the following B. The inductor
types of losses? C. The insulator
A. Disperse energy in all directions D. The conductor
B. Detune a transmitter to match the A. I2 R
load B. Inductor Conductance is the reciprocal of what
C. Guide electrical energy from point to C. Dielectric electrical property?
point (Ans.) D. Each of the above (Ans.)
D. Replace the antenna in a A. Inductance
communications system Skin effect is classified as which of the B. Resistance (Ans.)
following types of loss? C. Capacitance
All transmission lines must have two D. Reciprocity
ends, the input end and the output end. A. Copper (Ans.)
What other name is given to the input B. Voltage A transmission line that has current
end? C. Induction flowing through it has which, if any, of
D. Dielectric the following fields about it?
A. Sending end
B. Generator end What transmission-line loss is caused by A. Electric field only
C. Transmitter end magnetic lines of force not returning to B. Magnetic field only
D. Each of the above (Ans.) the conductor? C. Both electric and magnetic fields
(Ans.)
A measurement of the voltage to current A. Copper D. None of the above
ratio (Ein/Iin) at the input end of a B. Radiation (Ans.)
transmission line is called the C. Induction Maximum transfer of energy from the
D. Dielectric source to the transmission line takes place
A. input-gain rate when what impedance relationship exists
B. input impedance (Ans.) What is the electrical wave-length of 1 between the source and the transmission
C. output impedance cycle if the frequency is 60 Hz? line?
D. voltage-gain ratio
A. 125,000 meters A. When the load impedance equals
Which of the following lines is NOT a B. 1,250,000 meters source impedance (Ans.)
transmission medium? C. 5,000,000 meters (Ans.) B. When the load impedance is twice the
D. 20,000,000 meters source impedance
A. Load line (Ans.) C. When the load impedance is half the
B. Coaxial line A transmission line 10 meters in length is source impedance
C. Two-wire line considered to be electrically long at which D. When the load impedance is one-
D. Twisted-pair line of the following frequencies? fourth the source impedance
Electrical power lines are most often A. 60 kHz (Ans.) The characteristic impedance (Z0) of a
made of which of the following types of B. 600 kHz transmission line is calculated by using
transmission lines? C. 6 MHz which of the following ratios?
D. 60 MHz
A. Twin-lead line A. Rs to Rload of the line
B. Shielded-pair line The conductance value of a transmission B. Imax to Imin at every point along the
C. Two-wire open line (Ans.) line represents which of the following line
D. Two-wire ribbon line values?
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C. E to I at every point along the line D. They are evenly distributed along the The total charge on a transmission line is
(Ans.) line (Ans.) equal to the current multiplied by which
D. Ein to Eo of the line The initial waves that travel from the of the following factors?
source to the load of a transmission line
For a given voltage, what determines the are referred to as what type of waves? A. Time (Ans.)
amount of current that will flow in a B. Power
transmission line? A. Incident (Ans.) C. Voltage
B. Refracted D. Resistance
A. Conductance C. Reflected
B. Spacing of the wires D. Diffracted The characteristic impedance for an
C. Diameter of the wires infinite transmission line can be figured
D. Characteristic impedance (Ans.) Waves that travel from the output end to using which of the following ratios?
the input end of a transmission line are
When the impedance of a transmission referred to as what type of waves? A. Input current to velocity
line is measured, which of the following B. Input voltage to input current (Ans.)
values frequently is NOT considered? A. Incident C. Input voltage to line resistance
B. Refracted D. Input current to line resistance
A. Inductance C. Reflected (Ans.)
B. Resistance D. Diffracted If a transmission line is open-ended,
C. Conductance (Ans.) which of the following conditions
D. Capacitance When a dc voltage is applied to the describes its terminating impedance?
equivalent infinite line in the figure,
The characteristic impedance of a long which of the following conditions occurs A. Finite
transmission line may be determined by along the length of the line? B. Infinitely large (Ans.)
using which of the following methods? C. Equal to load impedance
A. Standing waves of voltage form D. Equal to source impedance
A. Trial and error B. Standing waves of current form
B. Calculating the impedance of the C. Current flows indefinitely (Ans.) When a transmission line is not
entire line D. Voltage appears for a short time terminated in its characteristic impedance
C. Calculating the impedances at each (Z0), what happens to the incident energy
end of the line Compared to a dc input, what relative that is NOT transferred to the load?
D. Adding the impedances of successive amount of time is required for an ac input
short sections (Ans.) voltage to travel the length of the line A. It is returned along the transmission
shown in the circuit? line (Ans.)
When should lumped values for B. It is radiated into space
transmission-line constants be used to A. Less C. It is absorbed by the line
calculate characteristic impedance? B. Same (Ans.) D. It is converted to heat energy
C. More
A. When the line is short compared to D. None of the above When the dc voltage reaches the open end
one wavelength (Ans.) of the transmission line in the figure and
B. When the line is long compared to The instantaneous voltage on an infinite is reflected, it has which, if any, of the
one wavelength transmission line can be plotted against following changes?
C. When the line is infinitely long time by using which of the following
D. None of the above instruments? A. Increased amplitude
B. Decreased amplitude
In actual practice, the characteristic A. A wavemeter C. The opposite polarity
impedance of a transmission line is B. A multimeter D. None of the above (Ans.)
usually within which of the following C. An oscilloscope (Ans.)
resistance ranges? D. A spectrum analyzer When the dc current reaches the open end
of the transmission line and is reflected, it
A. 0 to 0.9 ohm On an infinite transmission line with an ac has which, if any, of the following
B. 1 to 49 ohms voltage applied, which of the following is changes?
C. 50 to 600 ohms (Ans.) an accurate description of the effective
D. 601 to 1,000 ohms voltage distribution along the line? A. Increased amplitude
B. Decreased amplitude
The input impedance of a transmission A. Voltage is 0 at all points C. The opposite polarity (Ans.)
line is affected by which of the following B. Voltage is constant at all points D. None of the above
properties? C. Voltage varies at a sine-wave rate
(Ans.) When the dc voltage reaches the shorted
A. Radiation loss D. Voltage varies at double the sine- end of the transmission line, it is reflected.
B. Series inductance wave rate It has which, if any, of the following
C. Parallel capacitance changes?
D. Each of the above (Ans.) The velocity of propagation on a
transmission line is controlled by which A. Increased amplitude
When a dc voltage is applied to a of the following line characteristics? B. Decreased amplitude
transmission line and the load absorbs all C. The opposite polarity (Ans.)
the energy, what is the resulting A. Conductance D. None of the above
relationship between current and voltage? B. Inductance only
C. Capacitance only When the dc current reaches the shorted
A. They are in phase with each other D. Capacitance and inductance (Ans.) end of the transmission line, it is reflected.
B. They are equal to Z0 of the line It has which, if any, of the following
C. They are out of phase with each other changes?
7
The resultant waveform obtained by A. Nonresonant
A. Decrease amplitude adding the incident wave to the reflected B. Series-resonant
B. Increase amplitude wave is referred to as a/an C. Parallel-resonant (Ans.)
C. Increased polarity D. Each of the above
D. None of the above (Ans.) A. standing wave (Ans.)
B. negative wave When a series-resonant circuit is resonant
In an open-ended transmission line with C. algebraic wave at a frequency above the generator
an ac signal applied, what is the phase D. concentrated wave frequency, it acts as what type of circuit?
relationship between the incident and
reflected voltage waves? On an open-ended transmission line, what A. Open
is the phase relationship between the B. Resistive
A. In phase standing waves of voltage and current? C. Inductive
B. 45 degrees out of phase D. Capacitive (Ans.)
C. 90 degrees out of phase A. In phase
D. 180 degrees out of phase (Ans.) B. 45 degrees out of phase Which of the following sections of
C. 90 degrees out of phase (Ans.) transmission line can be used as a
The resultant of the incident and reflected D. 180 degrees out of phase parallel-resonant circuit?
voltage waves is called the standing wave.
Its value is figured by using which of the Which of the following conditions exist at A. A shorted 1/4-wavelength section
following procedures? the end of a shorted transmission line? (Ans.)
B. An open 1/4-wavelength section
A. Adding the effective values of the A. Maximum voltage and minimum C. A shorted 1/2-wavelength section
two waveforms current D. An open 3/4-wavelength section
B. Algebraically adding the B. Maximum voltage and maximum
instantaneous values of the two current A generator connected to an open-ended
waveforms (Ans.) C. Minimum voltage and maximum line greater than 1/4 wave-length but less
C. Algebraically subtracting the current (Ans.) than 1/2 wave-length senses which of the
instantaneous values of the two D. Minimum voltage and minimum following circuit component
waveforms current characteristics?
D. Taking the square root of the product
of the incident and reflected voltages Transmission line is considered to be A. Zero reactance
nonresonant (flat) when it is terminated in B. Low resistance
On an open-ended transmission line that which of the following ways? C. Inductive reactance
is carrying an ac signal, what is the total D. Capacitive reactance (Ans.)
number of moving voltage waves? A. In an impedance equal to Z0 (Ans.)
B. In an impedance that is infinite Which of the following conditions of
A. One C. In an inductive reactance greater than current (I) and impedance (Z) exist at
B. Two (Ans.) Z0 even quarter-wave points on a shorted
C. Three D. In a capacitive reactance greater than transmission line?
D. Four Z0
A. Low I, low Z
At the end of an open-ended transmission Of the following terms, which one is used B. Low I, high Z
line, which, if any, of the following for the nonresonant transmission line? C. High I, high Z
voltage waves is at its maximum value? D. High I, low Z (Ans.)
A. A tuned line
A. Incident (Ans.) B. A shorted line What is the maximum distance, in
B. Reflected C. An untuned line (Ans.) wavelengths (), between adjacent zero-
C. Resultant D. A terminated line current points on an open-circuited line?
D. None of the above
A transmission line that is resonant is A. 1
On a transmission line that is carrying an sometimes referred to as which of the B. 1/2  (Ans.)
ac signal, what is the relative value of the following types of lines? C. 1/4 
resultant voltage wave 1/4 wavelength D. 1/8 
from the open end? A. Tuned (Ans.)
B. Matched When a line is terminated in a
A. Maximum positive C. Untuned capacitance, the capacitor performs
B. Maximum negative D. Unmatched which, if any, of the following circuit
C. Zero (Ans.) actions?
D. Infintiy A short-circuited section of transmission
line that is an odd number of quarter- A. It absorbs all the energy
In an open-ended transmission line, the wavelengths long shows the same B. It reflects all the energy (Ans.)
resultant ac current waveform is always characteristics as which of the following C. It reacts as if it were a short
zero at what point(s)? devices? D. None of the above
A. At the open end only A. A series-resonant circuit When a transmission line is terminated in
B. 1/2 wavelength from the open-end B. A parallel-resonant circuit (Ans.) an inductive reactance, which, if any, of
only C. An inductive reactance equal to Z0 the following phase shifts takes place with
C. At the open end and 1/2 wavelength D. A capacitive reactance equal to Z0 respect to the current and voltage?
from the open-end(Ans.)
D. None of the above Which of the following circuits appears as A. Only voltage is phase-shifted
a very high resistance at resonance? B. Only current is phase-shifted
8
C. Both voltage and current are phase- A device used to radiate or receive B. 1/2 cycle
shifted (Ans.) electromagnetic wave energy is referred C. 1/4 cycle (Ans.)
D. None of the above to as a/an D. 1/8 cycle
When a transmission line is terminated in A. feeder On a standing wave, the points of high
a resistance greater than Z0, which of the B. antenna (Ans.) current and voltage are identified by
following conditions exist? C. transmitter which of the following terms?
The end of the line appears as an open D. coupling device A. Peaks (Ans.)
circuit (Ans.) B. Nodes
A. Standing waves appear on the line An antenna that can be mounted to radiate C. Poles
B. Voltage is maximum and current is rf energy either vertically or horizontally D. Loops
minimum at the end of the line is classified as which of the following
C. Each of the above types? The presence of standing waves indicates
which of the following conditions of an
On a transmission line, reflections begin A. Hertz (Ans.) antenna?
at which of the following locations? B. Marconi
C. Quarter-wave A. Resonance (Ans.)
A. At the load (Ans.) D. Both B and C above B. Saturation
B. At the source C. Nonresonance
C. At the middle A complete antenna system consists of D. Minimum efficiency
D. At the half-wavelength point which of the following components?
The antenna property that allows the same
The ratio of maximum voltage to A. A feeder, a coupling device, and a antenna to both transmit and receive
minimum voltage on a transmission line is transmitter energy is
referred to as the B. A feeder line, a coupling device, and
an antenna (Ans.) A. gain
A. RSWR C. An antenna, a transmission line, and a B. resonance
B. PSWR receiver C. reciprocity (Ans.)
C. VSWR (Ans.) D. An impedance-matching device, a D. directivity
D. ISWR feeder, and a transmission line
What component in an antenna system There is a ratio between the amount of
Which of the following ratios samples the transfers energy from the transmitter to energy propagated in certain directions by
magnetic field along a line? the antenna? a directional antenna compared to the
energy that would be propagated in these
A. VSWR A. A feeder (Ans.) directions if the antenna were not
B. PSWR B. A delay line directional. This ratio is known as which
C. ISWR (Ans.) C. A choke joint of the following antenna characteristics?
D. RSWR D. A rotating joint
A. Gain (Ans.)
Radio energy is transmitted through The type, size, and shape of an antenna B. Directivity
which of the following mediums? are determined by which of the following C. Reciprocity
factors? D. Polarization
A. Rock
B. Soil A. Power output of the transmitter The polarization plane of the radiation
C. Water B. Transmitter frequency field is determined by which of the
D. Space (Ans.) C. Direction to the receiver following fields?
D. Each of the above (Ans.)
Energy is transmitted from a transmitter A. Electric field only
into space using which of the following Moving electric and magnetic fields in B. Magnetic field only
devices? space have what (a) phase and (b) angular C. Electromagnetic field (Ans.)
relationships? D. None of the above
A. A receiver
B. A delay line A. (a) In phase (b) Perpendicular For best reception of a signal from a
C. A receiving antenna B. (a) In phase (b) Displaced 45º horizontally polarized antenna, the
D. A transmitting antenna (Ans.) C. (a) Out of phase (b) Displaced 45º receiving antenna should be mounted so
D. (a) Out of phase (b) Perpendicular that it has what relationship with the
Transmitted RFenergy takes what form as (Ans.) transmitting antenna?
it is sent into space?
What is the length of each half of the wire A. 0 degrees (Ans.)
A. A magnetic field only for a dipole antenna? B. 45 degrees
B. An electric field only C. 90 degrees
C. An electromagnetic field (Ans.) A. Wavelength D. 135 degrees
D. A static dielectric field B. 3/4 wavelength
C. 1/2 wavelength An electric field that rotates as it travels
The dimensions of a transmitting antenna D. 1/4 wavelength (Ans.) through space exhibits what type of
are determined by which of the following polarization?
factors? On a dipole antenna, the sinusoidal
variation in charge magnitude lags the A. Vertical
A. Transmitted power sinusoidal variation in current by what B. Spherical
B. Transmitted frequency (Ans.) amount? C. Elliptical (Ans.)
C. Distance to the receiver D. Horizontal
D. Antenna height above the ground A. 1 cycle
9
For ground-wave transmissions, what type D. Omnidirectional (Ans.) C. Both A and B above (Ans.)
of polarization is required? D. Spherical in all planes
An ordinary flashlight is an example of
A. Vertical (Ans.) what type of radiator? A method of feeding energy to a half-
B. Spherical wave antenna is to connect one end
C. Elliptical A. Isotropic through a capacitor to the output stage.
D. Horizontal B. Polarized What is this method of feeding called?
For high-frequency operation, which of C. Anisotropic (Ans.)
the following antenna polarization D. Stroboscopic A. End feed
patterns is preferred? B. Voltage feed
How many points on the graph can C. Both A and B above (Ans.)
A. Vertically polarized represent the value of 7 radiation units at D. Current feed
B. Spherically polarized position 2 of the circle?
C. Elliptically polarized An antenna supplied by the center-feed
D. Horizontally polarized (Ans.) A. One (Ans.) method is fed at what point?
B. Two
Omnidirectional transmission is obtained C. Three A. Low voltage and low current
from which of the following antennas? D. Four B. Low voltage and high current (Ans.)
C. High voltage and low current
A. Elliptically polarized Compared with the rectangular-coordinate D. High voltage and high current
B. Horizontal half-wave graph, the polar-coordinate graph has the
C. Vertical half-wave (Ans.) advantage of showing which of the The basic Marconi antenna has which of
D. Each of the above following antenna characteristics? the following characteristics?
With an antenna height of 40 feet and a A. Polarization A. One-quarter wavelength and

transmitter frequency of 90 megahertz, B. Radiation pattern (Ans.) ungrounded
which of the following antenna radiation C. Phase relationship B. One-half wavelength and grounded at
patterns is best for transmitting over D. Gain versus directivity one end
bodies of water? C. One-half wavelength and insulated
The area enclosed by the radiation pattern from ground
A. Vertically polarized (Ans.) is the D. One-quarter wavelength and
B. Spherically polarized grounded at one end (Ans.)
C. Elliptically polarized A. lobe (Ans.)
D. Horizontally polarized B. null The Marconi antenna behaves as a dipole
C. axis for which of the following reasons?
To select a desired signal and discriminate D. coordinate
against interfering signals from strong vhf A. It is fed at one end
and uhf broadcast transmissions, which of Inserting an inductor or capacitor in series B. An image antenna is formed by
the following actions should you take? with an antenna is one method of reflections from the ground (Ans.)
electrically changing the electrical length C. A quarter-wavelength of conductor is
A. Increase receiver gain (Ans.) of an antenna. What is this method buried in the ground and forms the
B. Make the transmitting antenna bi- called? rest of the dipole
directional D. The applied signal is rectified so that
C. Use a vertically polarized receiving A. Loading (Ans.) only half the signal will appear on the
antenna B. Inserting quarter-wave antenna
D. Use narrowly directional arrays as C. Unloading
receiving antennas D. Decoupling A series of conductors arranged in a radial
pattern and buried in the ground beneath
A vertically mounted transmission line is Many complex antennas are constructed the antenna is referred to as a
LEAST affected by which of the from what basic antenna?
following antenna radiation patterns? A. ground spur
A. The Marconi antenna (Ans.) B. counterpoise (Ans.)
A. Vertically polarized B. The full-wave antenna C. ground screen
B. Spherically polarized C. The half-wave antenna D. ground reflector
C. Horizontally polarized (Ans.) D. The quarter-wave antenna
D. Elliptically polarized A folded dipole can be used instead of a
On an energized half-wave antenna, simple, center-fed dipole for which of the
An antenna with which of the following which of the following electrical following purposes?
radiation resistance values will exhibit conditions exist?
reduced efficiency? A. Matching voltage
A. Voltage is maximum at the ends B. Matching impedance (Ans.)
A. 39 ohms B. Voltage is minimum at the ends C. Increasing directivity
B. 82 ohms (Ans.) (Ans.) D. Decreasing directivity
C. 107 ohms C. Current is maximum at the ends
D. 150 ohms D. Impedance is minimum at the center An antenna arrangement that has elements
aligned in a straight line is referred to as
An isotropic radiator radiates energy in Which of the following radiation patterns what type array?
which of the following patterns? is/are exhibited by a simple vertical
doublet antenna? A. Isotropic
A. Vertical B. Collinear (Ans.)
B. Bi-directional A. Nondirectional in the horizontal plane C. Line-of-sight
C. Unidirectional B. Directional in the vertical plane D. Unidirectional
10
elements is which of the following C. Spacing between parasitic and driven
To have current in two adjoining collinear distances? elements
half-wave elements in proper phase, they D. Each of the above (Ans.)
must be connected by which of the A. One-half wavelength
following stubs? B. One-quarter wavelength The advantages of unidirectivity and
C. Greater than one-half wavelength increased gain can best be obtained by
A. A shorted half-wave stub (Ans.) (Ans.) using which of the following elements in
B. An open quarter-wave stub D. Slightly less than one-quarter a parasitic array?
C. A shorted eighth-wave stub
D. A shorted quarter-wave stub An end-fire array physically resembles the A. Driven elements only
collinear array except that it is more B. Reflector and director elements only
To select a desired signal and discriminate compact. What disadvantage does the (Ans.)
against interfering signals, the receiving endfire array possess? C. Reflector, director, and driven
antenna should have which of the elements
following characteristics? A. It has lower gain D. Driven and director elements only
B. It has low radiation resistance (Ans.)
A. Be omnidirectional C. It has loose coupling The ratio of energy radiated by an array in
B. Be highly directional (Ans.) D. Each of the above the principal direction of radiation to the
C. Be vertically polarized energy radiated in the opposite direction
D. Be horizontally polarized What is the range of electrical spacing describes which of the following
between the elements of an end-fire relationships?
Adding more elements to a collinear array?
antenna array produces which of the A. Side-to-side ratio
following effects? A. 3/4 to 1 wavelength B. Front-to-back ratio (Ans.)
B. 1/2 to 3/4 wavelength C. Driven-to-parasitic ratio
A. Increased gain (Ans.) C. 1/4 to 1/2 wavelength D. Reflector-to-director ratio
B. Decreased gain D. 1/8 to 1/4 wavelength (Ans.)
C. Decreased directivity The Yagi antenna is an example of what
D. Mismatched impedances The end-fire array produces what type of type of antenna array?
lobes, if any, along the axis of the array?
What is the maximum number of A. Driven
elements ordinarily used in a collinear A. Minor lobes (Ans.) B. End-fire
array? B. Major lobes C. Multielement parasitic (Ans.)
C. Nulls D. Single-element parasitic
A. One D. None of the above
B. Two The addition of parasitic elements to the
C. Three Assuming that the elements are correctly Yagi antenna has which of the following
D. Four (Ans.) spaced, the directivity of an end-fire array effects on antenna characteristics?
may be increased by which of the
Constructing a collinear array with following actions? A. Increased gain
elements longer than 1/2 wavelength has B. Narrower beam width
which of the following effects on antenna A. Increasing the frequency C. Narrower frequency response
characteristics? B. Decreasing the frequency D. Each of the above (Ans.)
C. Decreasing the number of elements
A. Increased gain D. Increasing the number of elements An antenna which is designed especially
B. Decreased gain (Ans.) for vertically-polarized ground waves at
C. Increased frequency range (Ans.) low frequencies is the
D. Decreased frequency range A unidirectional pattern can be obtained
from an end-fire array by using what A. Yagi antenna
In a two-element collinear array, phase relationship between the energy fed B. Marconi antenna
maximum gain is obtained when the to adjacent elements? C. Beverage antenna (Ans.)
center-to-center spacing between the ends D. V antenna
of the elements is approximately what A. 0º
electrical distance? B. 45º What is the phase relationship of the
C. 90º (Ans.) signals that feed the V antenna?
A. Wavelength D. 180º
B. 0.15 wavelength A. 0º
C. 0.5 wavelength Energy is fed to a parasitic element using B. 45º
D. 0.75 wavelength (Ans.) what method? C. 90º
D. 180º (Ans.)
Compared with collinear arrays, broadside A. Direct coupling
arrays have which of the following B. Inductive coupling (Ans.) A rhombic antenna is essentially a
advantages? C. Capacitive coupling combination of which of the following
D. Transmission-line coupling antennas?
A. Sharper tuning (Ans.)
B. Broader bandwidth The directivity pattern resulting from the A. Two stacked long-wire radiators
C. Broader frequency response action of parasitic elements depends on B. Two V antennas placed side by side
D. Less coupling between dipole which of the following element (Ans.)
characteristics? C. Two collinear arrays in parallel
Optimum gain is obtained from a D. Four parallel half-wave radiators
broadside array when the spacing of its A. Length of the element
B. Diameter of the element
11
A rhombic antenna has which of the go aloft until which of the following Which of the following dielectrics is used
following advantages? requirements are met? in waveguides?
A. Simple construction A. A safety harness has been issued to A. Air (Ans.)

B. Wide frequency range you B. Mica
C. Noncritical adjustment B. All transmitters are secured and C. Insulating oil
D. Each of the above (Ans.) tagged D. Insulating foam
C. A working aloft "chit" has been filled
The principal disadvantage of the rhombic out and signed by proper authority Which of the following characteristics of
antenna is its (Ans.) a waveguide causes the lower-frequency
D. Each of the above limitation?
A. poor directivity
B. large antenna site The portion of the electromagnetic A. I2R loss
C. low antenna voltage (Ans.) spectrum which falls between 1,000 and B. Physical size (Ans.)
D. high-frequency inefficiency 100,000 MHz is referred to as which of C. Wall thickness
the following regions? D. Dielectric loss
The unidirectional radiation pattern of the
rhombic antenna is caused by which of A. X-ray At very high frequencies, ordinary
the following antenna characteristics? B. Infrared insulators in a two-wire transmission line
C. Microwave (Ans.) display the characteristics of what
A. Size D. Ultra-violet electrical component?
B. Shape
C. Termination resistance (Ans.) Microwave theory is based on the action A. An inductor
D. Frequency of the input energy of which of the following fields? B. A resistor
C. A capacitor (Ans.)
Horizontal half-wave antennas mounted at A. Electric field only D. A transformer
right angles to each other in the same B. Magnetic field only
horizontal plane make up which of the C. Electromagnetic field (Ans.) At very high frequencies, which of the
following antennas? D. None of the above following devices works best as an
insulator?
A. Rhombic Coaxial lines are more efficient than two-
B. Flat-top wire lines at microwave frequencies for A. Open half-wave section
C. Turnstile (Ans.) which of the following reasons? B. Open quarter-wave section
D. Ground-plane C. Shorted half-wave section
A. Because electromagnetic fields are D. Shorted quarter-wave section (Ans.)
The most common means of obtaining a completely confined in coaxial lines
low-radiation angle from a vertical (Ans.) The range of operating frequencies is
quarter-wave antenna is by what B. Because electromagnetic fields are determined by which of the following
procedure? not completely confined in coaxial wave-guide dimensions?
lines
A. Decreasing power C. Because coaxial lines have less A. The widest (Ans.)
B. Increasing frequency resistance to current flow than two- B. The longest
C. Adding a ground plane (Ans.) wire transmission lines C. The shortest
D. Rotating the antenna to a horizontal D. Each of the above D. The narrowest
plane
The most efficient transfer of If frequency is decreased, what change, if
A corner reflector antenna is used for electromagnetic energy can be provided any, will be required in the dimensions of
which of the following purposes? by which of the following mediums? the wave-guide bus bar?
A. To decrease frequency range A. Waveguides (Ans.) A. Decrease in dimensions (Ans.)

B. To increase frequency range B. Twin-lead flat lines B. Increase in dimensions
C. To produce a unidirectional pattern C. Single-conductor lines C. Either A or B
(Ans.) D. Coaxial transmission lines D. Neither A nor B
D. To produce an omnidirectional
pattern Copper (I2R) losses are reduced by what The cutoff frequency for a wave-guide is
physical property of waveguides? controlled by the physical dimensions of
If a corner-reflector antenna is the wave-guide and is defined as the
horizontally polarized, its radiation A. Small surface area frequency at which two quarter-
pattern will take on what shape? B. Large surface area (Ans.) wavelengths are
C. Shape of the waveguide
A. A narrow beam in the horizontal D. Waveguide material used A. shorter than the "a" dimension
plane B. shorter than the "b" dimension
B. A narrow beam in the vertical plane In a coaxial line, the current-carrying area C. longer than the "b" dimension
(Ans.) of the inner conductor is restricted to a D. longer than the "a" dimension (Ans.)
C. A beam similar to a half-wave dipole small surface layer because of which of
in the horizontal plane the following properties? In practical applications, which of the
D. A beam similar to a half-wave dipole following dimensions describes the wide
with a reflector in the vertical plane A. Skin effect (Ans.) dimension of the wave-guide at the
B. Copper loss operating frequency?
When radio or radar antennas are C. Conductor density
energized by transmitters, you must not D. Temperature effect A. 0.1 wavelength
B. 0.2 wavelength
12
C. 0.5 wavelength D. Angle of penetration With the mode description, TE1, 1, what
D. 0.7 wavelength (Ans.) maximum number of half-wave patterns
How does the group velocity of an exist across the diameter of a circular
Which of the following fields is/are electromagnetic field in a waveguide waveguide?
present in wave guides? compare to the velocity of a wavefront
through free space? A. One (Ans.)
A. E field only B. Two
B. H field only A. Group velocity is faster C. Three
C. E and H fields (Ans.) B. Group velocity is slower (Ans.) D. Four
D. Stationary field C. Their velocities are the same
D. None of the above To inject or remove energy from a
A difference in potential across a waveguide, which of the following
dielectric causes which of the following The group velocity of a wavefront in a devices could you use?
fields to develop? waveguide may be increased by which of
A. Electric field only the following actions? A. Slot
B. Magnetic field only A. Decreasing the frequency of the input B. Loop
C. Electromagnetic field (Ans.) energy C. Probe
D. None of the above B. Increasing the frequency of the input D. Each of the above (Ans.)
energy (Ans.)
What information is indicated by the C. Increasing the power of the input Loose coupling is a method used to
number of arrows between the plates of energy reduce the amount of energy being
the capacitor? D. Decreasing the power of the input transferred from a waveguide. How is
energy loose coupling achieved when using a
A. The amount of capacitance probe?
B. The amount of current flow The various field configurations that can
C. The strength of the electric field exist in a waveguide are referred to as A. By doubling the size of the probe
(Ans.) B. By increasing the length of the probe
D. The strength of the magnetic field A. wavefronts C. By decreasing the length of the probe
B. modes of operation (Ans.) (Ans.)
H lines have which of the following C. fields of operation D. By placing the probe directly in the
distinctive characteristics? D. fields of distribution center of energy field
A. They are continuous straight lines The most efficient transfer of energy Loop coupling is most efficient when the
B. They are generated by voltage occurs in a waveguide in the what mode? loop is placed at what point in which of
C. They form closed loops (Ans.) the following fields?
D. They form only in the wave-guide A. Sine
What minimum number of boundary B. Dominant (Ans.) A. At the point of maximum electric
conditions must be satisfied for energy to C. Transverse field
travel down a waveguide? D. Time-phase B. At the point of minimum electric
field
A. One How is the cutoff wavelength for a C. At the point of minimum magnetic
B. Two (Ans.) circular waveguide figured? field
C. Three D. At the point of maximum magnetic
D. Four A. 1.17 times the radius of the field (Ans.)
waveguide
For an electric field to exist at the surface B. 2. 1.17 times the diameter of the Increasing the size of the loop wire
of a conductor, the field must have what waveguide increases which of the following loop
angular relationship to the conductor? C. 3. 1.71 times the diameter of the capabilities?
waveguide (Ans.)
A. 0 degrees D. 4. 1.71 times the radius of the A. Efficiency
B. 30 degrees waveguide B. Bandwidth coverage
C. 45 degrees C. Power-handling capability (Ans.)
D. 90 degrees (Ans.) The field configuration in waveguides is D. Each of the above
divided into what two categories?
What, if anything, happens to the A waveguide which is not perfectly
amplitude of the wavefronts within a A. Half-sine and dominant impedance matched to its load is not
waveguide that DO NOT meet boundary B. Transverse electric and transverse efficient. Which of the following
conditions? magnetic (Ans.) conditions in a waveguide causes this
C. Transverse electric and dominant inefficiency?
A. They Increase rapidly to maximum D. Transverse magnetic and half-sine
B. They decrease slowly to the half- A. Sine waves
power point With a mode description of TE10, what B. Dominant waves
C. They decrease rapidly to zero (Ans.) maximum number of half-wave patterns C. Standing waves (Ans.)
D. Nothing exist across the "a" dimension of a D. Transverse waves
waveguide?
If the wall of a wave-guide is perfectly The iris shown in the figure has what type
flat, the angle of reflection is equal to A. One (Ans.) of equivalent circuit?
which of the following angles? B. Two
C. Three A. Parallel-LC
A. Angle of cutoff D. Four B. Shunt-resistive
B. Angle of incidence (Ans.) C. Shunt-inductive
C. Angle of refraction D. Shunt-capacitive
13
A waveguide iris that covers part of both B. E and H fields are not perpendicular
the electric and magnetic planes acts as C. Cannot be terminated in its When the two portions of a reflected wave
what type of equivalent circuit at the characteristics impedance reach the pickup probe of an incident-
resonant frequency? D. Wall size cannot be kept consistent wave directional coupler, what is their
phase relationship?
A. As a shunt inductive reactance The choke joint is used for what purpose
B. As a shunt resistance (Ans.) in a waveguide? A. 45º out of phase
C. As a shunt capacitive reactance B. 90º out of phase
D. Each of the above A. To reduce standing waves (Ans.) C. 120º out of phase
B. To restrict the volume of electron D. 180º out of phase (Ans.)
A horn can be used as a waveguide flow
termination device because it provides C. To prevent the field from rotating The highest frequency at which a
which of the following electrical D. To provide a temporary joint in a conventional circuit can oscillate is
functions? waveguide during maintenance or reached when which of the following
repair values can be reduced no further?
A. A reflective load
B. An absorptive load A circular waveguide is normally used in A. Total resistance
C. An abrupt change in impedance a rotating joint because rotating a B. Total inductance only
D. A gradual change in impedance rectangular waveguide would cause which C. Total capacitance only
(Ans.) of the following unwanted conditions? D. The total capacitance and inductance
(Ans.)
For a waveguide to be terminated with a A. Oscillation For a device to be considered a resonant
resistive load, that load must be matched B. Large power loss cavity, it must fulfill which of the
to which of the following properties of the C. Decrease in bandwidth following requirements?
waveguide? D. Field-pattern distortion (Ans.)
A. Be enclosed by conducting walls
A. The bandwidth In your waveguide inspections, you B. Possess resonant properties
B. The frequency should be alert for which of the following C. Contain oscillating electromagnetic
C. The inductance problems? fields
D. The characteristic impedance (Ans.) D. All of the above
A. Corrosion
A resistive device with the sole purpose of B. Damaged surface What property gives a resonant cavity a
absorbing all the energy in a waveguide C. Improperly sealed joints narrow bandpass and allows very accurate
without causing reflections is a/an D. Each of the above (Ans.) tuning?
A. iris What type of corrosion occurs when A. Low Q

B. horn dissimilar metals are in contact? B. High Q (Ans.)
C. antenna C. Inductive reactance
D. dummy load (Ans.) A. Contact corrosion D. Capacitive reactance
B. Metallic corrosion (Ans.)
A resistive load most often dissipates C. Electrical corrosion What factor(s) determines the primary
energy in which of the following forms? D. Electrolytic corrosion frequency of a resonant cavity?
A. Heat (Ans.) Internal arcing in a waveguide is usually a A. Size only

B. Light symptom of which of the following B. Shape only
C. Magnetic conditions? C. Size and shape (Ans.)
D. Electrical D. Q of the cavity
A. Change in mode
Reflections will be caused by an abrupt B. Electrolysis at a joint Tuning is the process of changing what
change in which of the following C. Moisture in the waveguide (Ans.) property of a resonant cavity?
waveguide physical characteristics? D. Gradual change in frequency
A. The Q
A. Size What is the primary purpose of a B. The power output
B. Shape directional coupler? C. The cutoff frequency
C. Dielectric material D. The resonant frequency (Ans.)
D. Each of the above (Ans.) A. To sample the energy in a waveguide
(Ans.) An adjustable slug or screw placed in the
A waveguide bend which is in the E or H B. To change the phase of the energy in area of maximum E lines in a resonant
plane must be greater than two the waveguide cavity provides what type of tuning?
wavelengths to prevent C. To change the direction of energy
travel in the waveguide A. Volume
A. cracking D. To allow energy in the waveguide to B. Inductive
B. reflections (Ans.) travel in one direction only C. Resistive
C. energy gaps D. Capacitive (Ans.)
D. electrolysis What is the electrical distance between
the two holes in a simple directional What are the two basic types of
A flexible waveguide is used in short coupler? waveguide T junctions?
sections because of the power-loss
disadvantages. What is the cause of this A. 1/8 wavelength A. H-type and T-type
power loss? B. 1/4 wavelength (Ans.) B. H-type and E-type (Ans.)
C. 1/2 wavelength C. H-type and magic T
A. Walls are not smooth (Ans.) D. 3/4 wavelength D. E-type and magic T
14
B. Increasing the internal resistance An electron that enters an electrostatic
A waveguide junction in which the arm C. Applying a magnetic field (Ans.) field and travels in the same direction as
area extends from the main waveguide in D. Applying an electric field the lines of force will react in what way?
the same direction as the electric field is
an example of what type junction? The energy in a ferrite attenuator that is A. It will accelerate
attenuated is dissipated as which of the B. It will decelerate (Ans.)
A. E-type magic T following energy forms? C. It will spin faster
B. H-type magic T D. It will spin slower
C. H-type T junction A. Heat (Ans.)
D. E-type T junction (Ans.) B. Light The alternate speeding up and slowing
C. Magnetic down of electrons in a beam that produces
When an input is fed into the "b" arm in D. Electrical electron bunches is known as which of the
the figure, which of the following output following modulation terms?
signal arrangements is/are available? The amount of rotation in a Faraday-
rotation type ferrite phase shifter is A. Carrier modulation
A. Out-of-phase signals from arms "a" dependent upon which of the following B. Velocity modulation (Ans.)
and "c" ferrite properties? C. Amplitude modulation
B. In-phase signals from arms "a" and D. Frequency modulation
"c" A. Length of the material (Ans.)
C. An output from the "a" arm only B. Diameter of the material How is an electron affected, if at all, if it
D. An output from the "c" arm only C. Strength of the material enters the buncher-grid gap when the
D. Internal resistance of the material potential across the grids is positive?
E-type and H-type junctions are combined
in which of the following devices? As the frequency in a conventional A. It is deflected
vacuum tube is increased, what is the B. It is accelerated (Ans.)
A. Magic T (Ans.) effect on the capacitive reactance of the C. It is decelerated
B. Rat race tube? D. None of the above
C. Feed horn
D. Hybrid ring A. It increases The point in a stream of electron bunches
B. It decreases (Ans.) at which the catcher cavity will most
Low power-handling capabilities and C. It remains the same efficiently remove power is determined by
internal power losses are the primary D. None of the above which of the following factors?
disadvantages of which of the following
devices? Undesirable degenerative feedback in A. Electron spin velocity
conventional vacuum tubes can be caused B. The size of the cavity
A. Magic T (Ans.) by which of the following tube factors? C. The size of the bunches
B. Rat race D. Frequency of the buncher-grid signal
C. Duplexer A. Grid bias (Ans.)
D. Hybrid ring B. Transit time
C. Plate voltage Which of the following electronic
The hybrid ring is usually used as what D. Lead inductance (Ans.) interactions is used in klystron operation
type of device in radar systems?
A decrease in efficiency in a conventional A. Velocity-modulation (Ans.)
A. Mixer vacuum tube caused by a phase shift B. Voltage and current
B. Detector between plate current and grid voltage can C. Variable-capacitance
C. Duplexer (Ans.) be the result of excessive D. Crossed electromagnetic-field
D. Impedance matcher
A. transit time (Ans.) In a klystron, an ac potential is
Ferrite devices are useful in electronic and B. lead inductance superimposed on the dc voltage that is
microwave applications because they C. capacitive reactance applied to the buncher grids by what
possess magnetic properties and offer D. interelectrode capacitance component?
which of the following other properties?
Moving tube electrodes further apart to A. The cathode
A. Negative resistance to current flow decrease interelectrode capacitance causes B. The accelerator grid
B. Low resistance to current flow which of the following tube C. The buncher-grid cavity resonator
C. High resistance to current flow characteristics to increase? (Ans.)
(Ans.) D. The catcher-grid cavity resonator
D. High conductance for current flow A. Transit time
B. Lead inductance A two-cavity klystron that has a feedback
Electrons exhibit which of the following C. Inductive reactance path from the catcher cavity to the
types of motion? D. Capacitive reactance (Ans.) buncher cavity will operate as what type
of circuit?
A. Spin Which of the following properties of an
B. Orbital electron is directly proportional to its A. Modulator
C. Both A and B above (Ans.) velocity? B. Amplifier
D. Linear C. Oscillator (Ans.)
A. Mass D. Discriminator
Electrons in a ferrite can be caused to B. Kinetic energy (Ans.)
wobble on their axes by which of the C. Potential energy The input signal to a two-cavity klystron
following actions? D. All of the above amplifier is applied to which of the
following components?
A. Decreasing the internal resistance
15
A. The cathode (Ans.) D. The distance between grid and Velocity modulation of the electron beam
B. The catcher grids repeller in a TWT is achieved by what action?
C. The buncher grids
D. The accelerator grid A reflex klystron in which the constant- A. By the action of resonant cavities
speed electrons remain in the repeller B. By interaction of the electron beam
In a klystron, the placement of additional field for 3/4 cycle is operating in what with the permanent magnet field
cavities between the buncher cavity and mode? C. By interaction of the electron beam
catcher cavity increases the power output with the electric field in the helix
by causing which of the following A. Mode 1 (Ans.) (Ans.)
electronic actions? B. Mode 2 D. All of the above
C. Mode 3
A. Increased velocity modulation (Ans.) D. Mode 4 In a TWT, what is the purpose of the
B. Decreased velocity modulation attenuators along the helix?
C. Increased electron-beam speed In a reflex klystron, the choice of
D. Decreased electron-beam speed operating mode is determined by which of A. To focus the beam
the following circuit factors? B. To limit the input
What is the purpose of applying a large C. To limit the output
negative pulse to the cathode of a three- A. The voltage required D. To prevent reflections (Ans.)
cavity klystron? B. The power available
C. The frequency range available A microwave tube that extracts energy
A. To focus the electron beam D. Both B and C above (Ans.) from a wave that travels from the
B. To accelerate the electron beam collector toward the cathode is referred to
(Ans.) In the higher modes, power and amplitude as the
C. To decelerate the electron beam limitations in a reflex klystron are caused
D. To modulate the electron beam by which of the following actions? A. klystron
B. traveling-wave tube
In a three-cavity klystron, what cavity, if A. Electron debunching (Ans.) C. crossed-field amplifier
any, contributes most to the velocity B. Frequency fluctuation D. backward-wave oscillator (Ans.)
modulation of the electron beam? C. Decreasing transit time
D. Increasing electron density In a magnetron, the magnetic field
A. The middle cavity (Ans.) between the plate and cathode serves what
B. The catcher cavity The term "bel" is a unit of measurement purpose?
C. The buncher cavity that expresses which of the following
D. None relationships? A. Acts as a grid (Ans.)
B. Provides a plate load
The bandwidth of a multicavity klystron A. Ratio of voltage and resistance C. Acts as a space-charge suppressor
can be increased by using which of the B. Logarithmic ratio between input and D. Provides filament power
following tuning methods? output (Ans.)
C. Geometric progression from input to What property in a magnetron is
A. Varactor tuning output controlled by the cavities in the plate?
B. Staggered tuning (Ans.) D. Ratio of voltage to current
C. Electronic tuning A. Input power
D. Synchronous tuning The term "dBm" is based on what B. Output power
standard reference level? C. Input voltage
The repeller of a reflex klystron replaces D. Output frequency (Ans.)
what component in other types of A. 1 watt
klystrons? B. 1 volt In a magnetron, what causes the path of
C. 1 milliwatt (Ans.) an electron to curve when it is moving
A. The input cavity D. 1 millivolt from the cathode to the plate?
B. The output cavity (Ans.)
C. The buncher cavity Which of the following TWT A. The cathode pulse
D. The intermediate cavity characteristics makes it ideal for use as an B. The electric field
RF amplifier? C. The resonant cavities
In a reflex klystron, what type(s) of D. The permanent magnetic field (Ans.)
electrical charge, if any, does the repeller A. High-noise and narrow-bandwidth
have? B. Low-noise and wide-bandwidth The critical value of magnetic field
(Ans.) strength in a magnetron causes which of
A. Positive only C. High-noise and wide-bandwidth the following electronic actions?
B. Negative only (Ans.) D. Low-noise and narrow-bandwidth
C. Alternately positive and negative A. Plate cavities stop oscillating
D. None In a TWT, what is the primary purpose of B. Output power decreases to zero
the helix? C. Electrons strike the plate and return
In a reflex klystron, the length of time a to the cathode
constant speed electron remains in the A. To increase the forward velocity of D. Electrons miss the plate and return to
space separating the grid and repeller is the input the cathode (Ans.)
determined by which of the following B. To decrease the forward velocity of
factor(s)? the input (Ans.) Magnetron oscillators are divided into
C. To decrease the reflected velocity of what total number of classes?
A. Repeller voltage (Ans.) the output
B. Electron velocity D. To increase the reflected velocity of A. One
C. Both A and B above the output B. Two (Ans.)
C. Three
16
D. Four B. Strap-fed loop method A. High-gain converter (Ans.)
C. Segment-fed loop method (Ans.) B. Unity-gain converter
In a negative-resistance magnetron, D. None of the above C. Conversion-loss converter
which, if any, of the following values of D. None of the above
magnetic field strengths is required to Inductive tuning in a magnetron is
start oscillations? accomplished by which of the following The varactor is a type of pn junction that
actions? acts as which of the following types of
A. Critical value electronic devices?
B. Slightly lower than critical value A. Changing the cavity resistance
C. Slightly higher than critical value B. Altering the cavity surface-to-volume A. Fixed resistor
(Ans.) ratio (Ans.) B. Fixed capacitor
D. None of the above C. Decreasing the size of the slot gap C. Variable resistor
D. Decreasing the space charge D. Variable capacitor (Ans.)
In magnetrons, the effect of filament
bombardment can be reduced by which of A magnetron should be "baked in" under What is the most important feature of the
the following actions? which of the following conditions? parametric amplifier?
A. Increasing plate voltage A. Before each use A. Low noise (Ans.)

B. Reducing filament voltage (Ans.) B. After periods of idleness (Ans.) B. High gain
C. Reducing signal frequency C. After initial installation C. Power output
D. Increasing signal frequency D. Both B and C above D. Frequency range
In electron-resonance magnetrons, which The crossed-field amplifier produces How is amplification accomplished in the
of the following anode blocks is/are used? which of the following desirable circuit circuit?
characteristics?
A. Vane anode A. By opening the switch
B. Rising-sun anode A. Wide bandwidth B. By varying the frequency
C. Hole-and-slot anode B. High efficiency C. By varying the resistance
D. Each of the above (Ans.) C. Large power-handling capability D. By varying the capacitance (Ans.)
D. All of the above (Ans.)
In the electron-resonance magnetron, the In a nondegenerative parametric
total electric field is produced by which of The tunneling action of the tunnel diode amplifier, how does the pump frequency
the following field combinations? produces which of the following useful compare to the input signal frequency?
properties?
A. The dc field only A. The pump frequency is half the input
B. The ac and dc fields (Ans.) A. Long transit time signal frequency
C. The ac and magnetic fields B. Positive resistance B. The pump frequency is double the
D. The dc and magnetic fields C. Negative resistance (Ans.) input signal frequency
D. Variable inductance C. The pump frequency is more than
Energy from working electrons is The tuned circuit in a tunnel-diode double the input signal (Ans.)
received by which of the following oscillator determines which of the D. The pump frequency is equal to the
magnetron fields? following circuit values? input signal frequency
A. The ac field only (Ans.) A. Frequency (Ans.) In a nondegenerative parametric amplifier

B. The dc field only B. Resistance with a pump frequency of 12 GHz and an
C. Both the ac and dc fields C. Power range idler frequency of 9 GHz, what is the
D. The magnetic field D. Capacitance input signal frequency?
In a magnetron, the total action of many Tuning a tunnel-diode oscillator by A. 3 GHz (Ans.)
electrons returning to the cathode while changing the capacitance of the tuned B. 18 GHz
others are moving toward the anode forms circuit can be accomplished by which of C. 21 GHz
which of the following patterns? the following tuning methods? D. 108 GHz
A. Vertical wavefront A. Bias tuning Bulk-effect semiconductors have what

B. Space-charge wheel (Ans.) B. Slot tuning primary advantage over normal pn-
C. Spherical wavefront C. Current tuning junction semiconductors?
D. Horizontal space charge D. Varactor tuning (Ans.)
A. Smaller size
The greatest power output is produced in In the reflection-type, circulator-coupled B. Lower frequency
what magnetron mode of operation? tunnel-diode amplifier, what component C. Simpler construction
prevents feedback to the tuned input D. Greater power output (Ans.)
A. Mode 1 circuit?
B. Mode 2 Gallium-arsenide semiconductors begin to
C. The pi mode (Ans.) A. The circulator (Ans.) exhibit which of the following electrical
D. The radian mode B. The output loop characteristics at the threshold point?
C. The tuned cavity
Magnetic lines of force passing between D. The tunnel diode A. Variable inductance
cavities are intercepted in which, if any, B. Positive resistance
of the following magnetron coupling Stability is a problem in which, if any, of C. Negative resistance (Ans.)
methods? the following tunnel-diode frequency D. Variable capacitance
converters?
A. Slot coupling method
17
In an avalanche transit-time diode, what B. Horizontal plane only D. Direction of the beam (Ans.)
causes the dc bias energy previously C. Horizontal plane and true north
absorbed by avalanche electrons to be (Ans.) In a horizontal-slot antenna, the
given up to the microwave field? D. Vertical plane and true north polarization of the energy is radiated in
what direction?
A. The electron velocity Radar range is determined as a function of
B. The negative-resistance property which of the following measures? A. Vertical (Ans.)
(Ans.) B. Spherical
C. The electron transit time A. Pulse travel time (Ans.) C. Horizontal
D. The amount of dc bias energy B. Elevation angle of the antenna D. Omnidirectional
available C. Distance to the horizon
D. Angular velocity of the energy The action of impressing intelligence
In a point-contact diode, passing a large upon a transmission medium is referred to
current from the catwhisker to the silicon The parabolic reflector is often used as
crystal produces what region? because it produces a radiation pattern
with which of the following antenna A. modulating (Ans.)
A. A domain region characteristics? B. demodulating
B. A small p region (Ans.) C. heterodyning
C. A small n region A. Omnidirectional D. wave generating
D. An avalanche region B. Highly directive (Ans.)
C. Many equal lobes You can communicate with others using
A Schottky barrier diode has which of the D. Spherical wavefronts which of the following transmissions
following advantages over a point-contact In a lens antenna, what is the purpose of mediums?
diode? the collimating lens? A. Light
B. Wire lines
A. Lower frequency range A. It produces spherical wavefronts C. Radio waves
B. Higher frequency range B. It produces an omnidirectional D. Each of the above (Ans.)
C. Lower noise generation (Ans.) pattern
D. Higher noise generation C. It forces parallel segments of the When you use a vector to indicate force in
wavefront into spherical paths a diagram, what do (a) length and (b)
The PIN diode begins acting as a variable D. It forces radial segments of the arrowhead position indicate?
resistance at what minimum frequency? wavefront into parallel paths (Ans.)
A. (a) Magnitude (b) direction (Ans.)
A. 100 MHz (Ans.) A lens antenna which accelerates some B. (a) Magnitude (b) frequency
B. 200 MHz portion of the wavefronts so that all C. (a) Phase (b) frequency
C. 300 MHz wavefronts exit the lens at the same time D. (a) Phase (b) direction
D. 400 MHz is referred to as the
Vectors are used to show which of the
Power ratio is a term used to express A. metallic delay lens following characteristics of a sine wave?
what property of an antenna? B. waveguide-type lens (Ans.)
C. loaded microwave lens A. Fidelity
A. Efficiency (Ans.) D. dielectric delay lens B. Amplitude (Ans.)
B. Reciprocity C. Resonance
C. Sensitivity In a delay-type lens, the amount of delay D. Distortion
D. Power output in the phase of the wave passing through
the lens is determined by which of the A rotating coil in the uniform magnetic
A standing-wave ratio (swr) describes following characteristics? field between two magnets produces a
which of the following quantities? sine wave. It is called a sine wave because
A. The dielectric constant of the lens the voltage depends on which of the
A. Transmission-to-reception efficiency (Ans.) following factors?
value B. The characteristic impedance of the
B. The amount of output power lens A. The number of turns in the coil
C. The amount of mismatch between a C. The physical size of the lens B. The speed at which the coil is
transmission line and its load (Ans.) D. All of the above rotating
D. The amount of characteristic C. The angular position of the coil in the
Impedance What is/are the basic type(s) of antenna magnetic field (Ans.)
array(s) in common use? D. Each of the above
Directivity refers to which of the
following properties of a radiated beam? A. Driven only The trigonometric relationship for the sine
B. Parasitic only of an angle in a right triangle is figured
A. Power gain C. Parasitic and driven (Ans.) using which of the following ratios?
B. Standing-wave ratio D. None of the above
C. Narrowness of the beam (Ans.) A. Opposite side ÷ hypotenuse (Ans.)
D. Polarization of the beam In a frequency-sensitive antenna, the B. Adjacent side ÷ hypotenuse
physical length of the serpentine section C. Hypotenuse ÷ opposite side
Surface angular measurements for and its relationship to the wavelength of D. Hypotenuse ÷ adjacent side
antenna directivity in radar and the applied energy determines which of
communications systems are made in the following characteristics? The part of a sine wave that is above the
relationship to which of the following voltage reference line is referred to as the
references? A. Output power
B. Beam narrowness A. peak amplitude
A. Vertical plane only C. Antenna efficiency B. positive alternation (Ans.)
18
C. negative alternation C. Directivity A. It generates the RF oscillations
D. instantaneous amplitude D. Discrimination (Ans.)
B. It heterodynes the RF oscillations
The degree to which a cycle has been In RF communications, modulation C. It controls the RF output
completed at any given instant is referred impresses information on which of the D. It amplifies the RF signal
to as the following types of waves?
To ensure frequency stability in a CW
A. phase A. Carrier wave (Ans.) transmitter, you should NOT key what
B. period (Ans.) B. Complex wave circuit?
C. frequency C. Modulated wave
D. amplitude D. Modulating wave A. The mixer
B. The detector
The frequency of the sine wave is Which of the following types of C. The oscillator
determined by which of the following modulation is a form of amplitude D. The RF amplifier (Ans.)
sine-wave factors? modulation?
When keying a high-power transmitter,
A. The maximum voltage A. Angle what component should you use to reduce
B. The rate at which the vector rotates B. Phase the shock hazard?
(Ans.) C. Frequency
C. The number of degrees of vector D. Continuous-wave (Ans.) A. A coil
rotation B. A relay
D. Each of the above With a sine-wave input, how will the C. A resistor (Ans.)
output compare to the input in (a) a linear D. A capacitor
Which of the following Greek letters is circuit and (b) a nonlinear circuit?
the symbol for wavelength? Interference detected by a receiver is
A. (a) Proportional (b) proportional often caused by the application and
A. θ B. (a) Proportional (b) not proportional removal of power in nearby transmitters.
B. ϑ (Ans.) This interference can be prevented by
C. λ (Ans.) C. (a) Not proportional (b) not using what type of circuit in such
D. ω proportional transmitters?
D. (a) Not proportional (b) proportional
Which of the following waveform A. Power filter
characteristics determines the wavelength What effect, if any, does a nonlinear B. On-off filter
of a sine wave? device have on a sine wave? C. Key-click filter (Ans.)
D. RF detector filter
A. Phase A. It amplifies without distortion
B. Period (Ans.) B. It attenuates without distortion Transmitter machine keying was
C. Amplitude C. It generates harmonic frequencies developed for which of the following
D. Phase Angle D. None of the above (Ans.) purposes?
An electromagnetic wavefront moves For the heterodyning action to occur in a A. To increase the speed of
through free space at approximately what circuit, (a) what number of frequencies communications (Ans.)
speed in meters per second? must be present and (b) to what type of B. To make communications more
circuit must they be applied? intelligible
A. 3,000,000 C. To reduce interference
B. 30,000,000 A. (a) Two (b) linear D. Each of the above
C. 300,000,000 (Ans.) B. (a) Two (b) nonlinear (Ans.)
D. 3,000,000,000 C. (a) Three (b) nonlinear Which of the following advantages is a
D. (a) Three (b) linear benefit of cw communications?
What is the wavelength of a 1.5 MHz
frequency? Spectrum analysis is used to view which A. Wide bandwidth
of the following characteristics of an RF B. Fast transmission
A. 100 meters signal? C. Long-range operation (Ans.)
B. 200 meters (Ans.) D. Each of the above
C. 300 meters A. Phase
D. 400 meters B. Bandwidth (Ans.) To prevent a transmitter from being
C. Modulating wave loaded unnecessarily, where should you
As the frequency of a signal is increased, D. Modulation envelope connect the antenna?
what change can be noted about its
wavelength? The method of RF communication that A. At the oscillator input
uses either the presence or absence of a B. At the oscillator output
A. It decreases (Ans.) carrier in a prearranged code is what type C. At the power-amplifier input (Ans.)
B. It increases of modulation? D. At the power-amplifier output
C. It remains the same
D. None of the above A. Pulse modulation Amplifier tubes are added to the output of
B. Amplitude modulation (Ans.) a transmitter for which of the following
The ability of a circuit to faithfully C. Continuous-wave modulation reasons?
reproduce the input signal in the output is D. Pulse-time modulation
known by what term? A. To increase power (Ans.)
What is the purpose of the key in a CW B. To increase frequency
A. Fidelity (Ans.) transmitter? C. To increase stability
B. Fluctuation D. To increase selectivity
19
Which of the following combinations of A. The coil What determines the bandwidth of an AM
frequency multiplier stages will produce a B. The magnet wave?
total multiplication factor of 72? C. The diaphragm (Ans.)
D. The armature A. The carrier frequency
A. 36, 36 B. The number of sideband frequencies
B. 4, 3, 3, 2 (Ans.) What are the two major sections of an (Ans.)
C. 4, 4, 3, 2 AM transmitter? C. The lowest modulating frequency
D. 18, 18, 18, 18 D. The highest modulating frequency
A. Audio frequency unit and radio
To change sound energy into electrical frequency unit (Ans.) If an 860-kHz AM signal is modulated by
energy, which of the following devices B. Audio frequency unit and master frequencies of 5 and 10 kHz, what is the
should you use? oscillator bandwidth?
C. Audio frequency unit and final power
A. A speaker amplifier A. 5 kHz
B. A microphone (Ans.) D. Audio frequency unit and B. 10 kHz
C. An amplifier intermediate power amplifier C. 15 kHz
D. An oscillator D. 20 kHz (Ans.)
The intermediate power amplifier serves
What component in a carbon microphone what function in a transmitter? If a 1-MHz signal is modulated by
converts a dc voltage into a varying frequencies of 50 and 75 kHz, what is the
current? A. It generates the carrier resulting maximum frequency range?
B. It modulates the carrier A. 925,000 to 1,000,000 Hz
A. Button C. It increases the frequency of the B. 925,000 to 1,075,000 Hz (Ans.)
B. Diaphragm signal C. 975,000 to 1,025,000 Hz
C. Transformer D. It increases the power level of the D. 1,000,000 to 1,075,000 Hz
D. Carbon granules (Ans.) signal (Ans.)
If an RF carrier is 100 percent AM-
The action of the double-button carbon The final audio stage in an AM modulated, what will be the RF output
microphone is similar to which of the transmitter is the when the modulating signal is (a) at its
following electronic circuits? negative peak and (b) at its positive peak?
A. mixer
A. A limiter B. modulator (Ans.) A. (a) 0 1. (b) 2 times the amplitude of
B. An oscillator C. multipler the unmodulated carrier (Ans.)
C. A voltage doulber D. multiplexer B. (a) 0 (b) 1/2 the amplitude of the
D. A push-pull amplifier (Ans.) unmodulated carrier
The vertical axis on a frequency-spectrum C. (a) 1/2 the amplitude of the
A carbon microphone has which of the graph represents which of the following unmodulated carrier (b) 1/2 the
following advantages over other types of waveform characteristics? amplitude of the unmodulated carrier
microphones? D. (a) 1/2 the amplitude of the
A. Phase unmodulated carrier (b) 2 times the
A. Ruggedness (Ans.) B. Duration amplitude of the unmodulated carrier
B. Sensitivity C. Frequency (Ans.)
C. Low output voltage D. Amplitude In an AM signal that is 100 percent
D. Frequency response modulated, what maximum voltage value
When a 500-Hz signal modulates a 1- is present in each sideband?
The voltage produced by mechanical MHz carrier, the 1-MHz carrier and what
stress placed on certain crystals is a result two other frequencies are transmitted? A. 1/4 the carrier voltage
of which of the following effects? B. 1/2 the carrier voltage (Ans.)
A. 500 and 999,500 Hz C. 3/4 the carrier voltage
A. Hall B. 500 and 1,000,500 Hz D. Same as the carrier voltage
B. Acoustic C. 999,500 and 1,500,000 Hz
C. Electrostatic D. 999,500 and 1,000,500 Hz (Ans.) Overmodulation of an AM signal will
D. Piezoelectric (Ans.) have which, if any, of the following
If 750 Hz modulates a 100-kHz carrier, effects on the bandwidth?
If you require a microphone that is what would the upper-sideband frequency
lightweight, has high sensitivity, is be? A. It will increase
rugged, requires no external voltage, can B. It will decrease
withstand temperature, vibration, and A. 99,250 Hz C. It will remain the same
moisture extremes, and has a uniform B. 100,000 Hz D. None of the above
frequency response of 40 to 15,000 hertz, C. 100,500 Hz
which of the following types of D. 100,750 Hz (Ans.) In a carrier wave with a peak amplitude of
microphones should you select? 400 volts and a peak modulating voltage
In an AM wave, where is the audio of 100 volts, what is the modulation
A. Carbon intelligence located? factor?
B. Crystal
C. Dynamic (Ans.) A. In the carrier frequency A. 0.15
D. Electrostatic B. In the spacing between the sideband B. 0.25 (Ans.)
frequencies C. 0.45
What component in a magnetic C. In the spacing between the carrier and D. 0.55
microphone causes the lines of flux to sideband frequencies (Ans.)
alternate? D. In the sideband frequencies
20
Modulation produced in the plate circuit RF into (a) what circuit and the AF into A cathode modulator is used in which of
of the last radio stage of a system is (b) what circuit? the following situations?
known by what term?
A. (a) Base (b) collector (Ans.) A. When RF power is unlimited and
A. Low-level modulation B. (a) Base (b) emitter distortion can be tolerated
B. High-level modulation (Ans.) C. (a) Emitter (b) collector B. When RF power is limited and
C. Final-amplifier modulation D. (a) Emitter (b) base distortion cannot be tolerated
D. Radio frequency modulation C. When AF power is unlimited and
Plate- and collector-injection modulators distortion can be tolerated
Which, if any, of the following are the most commonly used modulators D. When AF power is limited and
advantages is a primary benefit of plate for which of the following reasons? distortion cannot be tolerated (Ans.)
modulation?
A. The RF amplifier stages can be In a cathode modulator, the modulating
A. It operates at low efficiency operated class C for linearity voltage is in series with which of the
B. It operates at low power levels B. The RF amplifier stages can be following voltages?
C. It operates with high efficiency operated class C for maximum
(Ans.) efficiency A. The grid voltage only
D. None of the above C. They require small amounts of audio B. The plate voltage only
power C. Both the grid and plate voltages
A final RF power amplifier biased for D. They require large amounts of audio (Ans.)
plate modulation operates in what class of power (Ans.) D. The cathode voltage only
operation?
A control-grid modulator would be used Frequency-shift keying resembles what
A. A in which of the following situations? type of AM modulation?
B. B
C. AB (Ans.) A. In extremely high-power, wideband A. CW modulation (Ans.)
D. C equipment where high-level B. Analog AM modulation
modulation is difficult to achieve C. Plate modulation
Heterodyning action in a plate modulator B. In cases where the use of a minimum D. Collector-injection modulation
takes place in what circuit? of audio power is desired
C. In portable and mobile equipment to Frequency-shift keying is generated using
A. Grid reduce size and power requirements which of the following methods?
B. Plate (Ans.) D. Each of the above (Ans.)
C. Screen A. By shifting the frequency of an
D. Cathode Which of the following inputs is/are oscillator at an AF rate
applied to the grid of a control-grid B. By shifting the frequency of an
A plate modulator produces a modulated modulator? oscillator at an RF rate (Ans.)
rf output by controlling which of the C. By keying an AF oscillator at an RF
following voltages? A. RF (Ans.) rate
B. AF D. By keying an AF oscillator at an AF
A. Plate voltage C. DC bias rate
B. Cathode voltage (Ans.) D. Each of the above
C. Grid-bias voltage In a frequency-shift keyed signal, where is
D. Grid-input voltage Excessive modulating signal levels have the intelligence contained?
which, if any, of the following effects on
To achieve 100-percent modulation in a a control-grid modulator? A. In the duration of the RF energy
plate modulator, what maximum voltage B. In the frequency of the RF energy
must the modulator tube be capable of A. They increase output. amplitude (Ans.)
providing to the final power amplifier B. They decrease output amplitude C. In the amplitude of the RF energy
(FPA)? C. They create distortion (Ans.) D. In the spacing between bursts of RF
D. None of the above energy
A. Twice the FPA plate voltage
B. The same as the FPA plate voltage Compared to a plate modulator, the If an FSK transmitter has a MARK
(Ans.) control-grid modulator has which of the frequency of 49.575 kHz and a SPACE
C. Three times the FPA plate voltage following advantages? frequency of 50.425 kHz, what is the
D. Half the FPA plate voltage assigned channel frequency?
A. It is more efficient
In a plate modulator, with no modulation, B. It has less distortion A. 49 kHz
how will the plate current of the final rf C. It requires less power from the B. 49.575 kHz
amplifier appear on a scope? modulator (Ans.) C. 50 kHz (Ans.)
D. It requires less power from the D. 50.425 kHz
A. A series of pulses at the carrier amplifier
frequency (Ans.) FSK is NOT affected by noise
B. A series of pulses at twice the carrier The control-grid modulator is similar to interference for which of the following
frequency which of the following modulator reasons?
C. A series of pulses at 1/4 the carrier circuits?
frequency A. Noise is outside the bandwidth of an
D. A series of pulses at 1/2 the carrier A. Plate FSK signal
frequency B. Cathode B. FSK does not rely on the amplitude
C. Base-injection (Ans.) of the transmitted signal to carry
In the collector-injection modulator, AF D. Emitter-injection intelligence (Ans.)
and RF are heterodyned by injecting the
21
C. The wide bandwidth of an FSK signal B. It changes output voltage
prevents noise interference C. It changes output frequency
D. Each of the above D. It has no effect
In an FSK transmitter, what stage is A 1,000-Hz tone of a certain loudness

keyed? causes the frequency-modulated carrier
for the circuit to vary ±1,000 Hz at a rate
A. The oscillator (Ans.) of 1,000 times per second. If the
B. The power supply AMPLITUDE of the modulating tone is
C. The power amplifier doubled, what will be the maximum
D. The buffer amplifier carrier variation?
When the amount of oscillator frequency A. ±1,000 hertz at 1,000 times per
shift in an FSK transmitter is determined, second (Ans.)
which of the following factors must be B. ±1,000 hertz at 2,000 times per
considered? second
C. ±2,000 hertz at 1,000 times per
A. The number of buffer amplifiers second
B. The transmitter power output D. ±2,000 hertz at 2,000 times per An FM-modulated carrier varies between
C. The frequency multiplication factor second 925 kHz and 1,075 kHz 15,000 times per
for the transmitter amplifiers (Ans.) second. What is the bandwidth, in kHz, of
D. The oscillator rest frequency The maximum deviation for a 1.5 MHz the transmitted signal? (HINT: You will
carrier is set at ±50 kHz. If the carrier need to figure MI to be able to find the
In an FSK transmitter with a doubler and varies between 1.5125 MHz and 1.4875 sidebands.)
a tripler stage, the desired frequency shift MHz (±12.5 kHz), what is the percentage
is 1,200 Hz. To what maximum amount is of modulation? A. 340
the oscillator frequency shift limited? B. 420
A. 25 % (Ans.) C. 480
A. 60 Hz B. 50 % D. 560
B. 100 Hz C. 75 %
C. 120 Hz D. 100 % The spectrum of a 500 kHz FM-
D. 200 Hz (Ans.) modulated carrier has a 60-kHz
An FM transmitter has a 50-watt carrier bandwidth and contains 12 significant
FSK has which of the following with no modulation. What maximum sidebands. How much, in kHz, is the
advantages over CW? amount of output power will it have when carrier deviated?
it is 50-percent modulated?
A. FSK has a more stable oscillator A. ±5 (Ans.)
B. FSK is easier to generate A. 25 watts B. ±7.5
C. FSK rejects unwanted weak signals B. 50 watts (Ans.) C. ±10
(Ans.) C. 75 watts D. ±15
D. FSK does not have noise in its output D. 100 watts
In a reactance-tube modulator, the
The "ratio of transmitted powers" Frequencies that are located between reactance tube shunts what part of the
provides what information? adjacent channels to prevent interference oscillator circuitry?
are referred to as
A. Transmitter power out in a CW A. The amplifier
system A. sidebands B. The tank circuit (Ans.)
B. Transmitter power out in an FSK B. bandwidths C. The biasing network
system C. guard bands (Ans.) D. The feedback network
C. Improvement shown using CW D. blank channels
instead of FSK transmission With no modulating signal applied, a
D. Improvement shown using FSK Modulation index may be figured by reactance tube has which, if any, of the
instead of CW transmission using which of the following formulas? following effects on the output of an
methods(Ans.) oscillator?
A. 2f/fm
In an FM signal, (a) the RATE of shift is B. fm/2f A. It will decrease amplitude
proportional to what characteristic of the C. fm/∆f B. It will increase amplitude
modulating signal, and (b) the AMOUNT D. ∆f/fm (Ans.) C. It will change resonant frequency
of shift is proportional to what (Ans.)
characteristic? A 50-MHz FM carrier varies between D. It will have no effect
49.925 MHz and 50.075 MHz 10,000
A. (a) Amplitude (b) amplitude times per second. What is its modulation The reactance-tube frequency modulates
B. (a) Amplitude (b) frequency index? the oscillator by which of the following
C. (a) Frequency (b) frequency (Ans.) actions?
D. (a) Frequency (b) amplitude A. 5
B. 10 A. By shunting the tank circuit with a
When a sound wave strikes the condenser C. 15 (Ans.) variable resistance
microphone (M), it has which, if any, of D. 20 B. By shunting the tank circuit with a
the following effects on the oscillator variable reactance
circuit? C. By shunting the tank circuit with a
variable capacitance
A. It changes output phase
22
D. By causing a resultant current flow in happens to reverse bias and (b) how is The primary advantage of phase
the tank circuit which either leads or dielectric width affected? modulation over frequency modulation is
lags resonant current (Ans.) that phase modulation has better carrier
A. (a) Increases (b) increases (Ans.)
What type of circuit is used to remove the B. (a) Increases (b) decreases A. power stability
AM component in the output of a C. (a) Decreases (b) decreases B. amplitude stability
semiconductor reactance modulator? D. (a) Decreases (b) increases C. frequency stability (Ans.)
D. directional stability
A. A mixer A 10 kHz, 10-volt square wave is applied
B. A filter as the phase-modulating signal to a Phase-shift keying is most useful under
C. A limiter (Ans.) transmitter with a carrier frequency of 60 which of the following code element
D. A buffer amplifier MHz. What is the output frequency during conditions?
the constant-amplitude portions of the
The multivibrator modulator produces FM modulating signal? A. When mark elements are longer than
modulation by which of the following space elements
actions? A. 10kHz B. When mark elements are shorter than
B. 59,990 kHz space elements
A. By modulating the collector voltages C. 60,000 kHz (Ans.) C. When mark and space elements are
B. By modulating the base-return D. 60,010 kHz the same length (Ans.)
voltages D. When mark and space elements are
C. By modulating the value of the base In a phase modulator, the frequency longer than synchronizing elements
value of the base capacitors during the constant-amplitude portion of
D. By modulating the value of the base the modulating wave is the When a carrier is phase-shift keying
resistors modulated, (a) a data bit ONE will
A. peak frequency normally cause the carrier to shift its
What is the purpose of the filter on the B. rest frequency (Ans.) phase what total number of degrees, and
output of the multivibrator modulator? C. deviation frequency (b) a data bit ZERO will cause the carrier
D. modulating frequency to shift its phase what total number of
A. To establish the fundamental degrees?
operating frequency In phase modulation, (a) the
B. To eliminate unwanted frequency AMPLITUDE of the modulating signal A. (a) 60 (b) 0
variations determines what characteristic of the B. (a) 0 (b) 180
C. To eliminate unwanted odd phase shift, and (b) the FREQUENCY of C. (a) 180 (b) 180
harmonics the modulating signal determines what D. (a) 180 (b) 0 (Ans.)
D. To eliminate unwanted even characteristic of the phase shift?
harmonics A. (a) Rate (b) rate Which of the following circuits is used to
B. (a) Rate (b) amount generate a phase-shift keyed signal?
A multivibrator frequency modulator is C. (a) Amount (b) amount
limited to frequencies below what D. (a) Amount (b) rate (Ans.) A. Logic circuit (Ans.)
maximum frequency? B. Phasor circuit
The frequency spectrums of a phase- C. Phasitron circuit
A. 1 MHz (Ans.) modulated signal resemble the spectrum D. Longitudinal circuit
B. 2 MHz of which, if any, of the following types of
C. 5 MHz modulation? When a carrier is modulated by a square
D. 10 MHz wave, what maximum number of
A. Amplitude modulated sideband pairs will be generated?
To ensure the frequency stability of an fm B. Frequency modulated (Ans.)
transmitter, which, if any, of the following C. Continuous-wave modulated A. 1
actions could be taken? D. None of the above B. 9
C. 3
A. Modulate a crystal-controlled Compared to fm, increasing the D. An infinite number (Ans.)
oscillator at the desired frequency modulating frequency in phase
B. Modulate a low-frequency oscillator, modulation has what effect, if any, on the As the square wave modulating voltage is
and use frequency multipliers to bandwidth of the phase-modulated signal? increased to the same amplitude as that of
achieve the operating frequency the carrier, what will be the effect on (a)
C. Modulate a low-frequency oscillator, A. It increases (Ans.) the carrier amplitude and (b) amplitude of
and heterodyne it with a higher- B. It decreases the sidebands?
frequency oscillator to achieve the C. Either A or B
desired frequency (Ans.) D. Neither A nor B A. (a) Remains constant (b) Increases
D. None of the above (Ans.)
A simple phase modulator consists of a B. (a) Decreases (b) Increases
A varactor is a variable device that acts as capacitor in series with a variable C. (a) Increases (b) Remains constant
which of the following components? resistance. What total amount of carrier D. (a) Increases (b) Decreases
shift will occur when XC is 10 times the
A. Resistor resistance? In a square-wave modulated signal, total
B. Inductor sideband power is what percentage of the
C. Capacitor (Ans.) A. 0 degrees (Ans.) total power?
D. Transistor B. 45 degrees
C. 60 degrees A. 0 percent
As the positive potential is increased on D. 90 degrees B. 25 percent
the cathode of a varactor, (a) what C. 33 percent
D. 50 percent (Ans.)
23
minimum number of samples must be from an RF carrier is known by which of
Average power in a pulse-modulation taken per cycle? the following terms?
system is defined as the
A. One A. Detection
A. power during rest time B. Two (Ans.) B. Demodulation
B. power during each pulse C. Three C. Both A and B above (Ans.)
C. power during each pulse averaged D. Four D. Distribution
over rest time
D. power during each pulse averaged What is the simplest form of pulse When a demodulator fails to accurately
over one operating cycle (Ans.) modulation? recover intelligence from a modulated
carrier, which of the following types of
In pulse modulation, what term is used to A. Pulse-code modulation distortion result?
indicate the ratio of time the system is B. Pulse-duration modulation
actually producing RF? C. Pulse-frequency modulation A. Phase
D. Pulse-amplitude modulation (Ans.) B. Frequency
A. Rest cycle C. Amplitude
B. Duty cycle (Ans.) The same pulse characteristic is varied in D. Each of the above (Ans.)
C. Average cycle which of the following types of pulse
D. Transmit cycle modulations? In a demodulator circuit, which of the
following components is required for
When pulse modulation is used for range A. PAM and PDM demodulation to occur?
finding in a radar application, which of B. PDM and PWM (Ans.)
the following types of pulse information C. PWM and PPM A. A linear device
is used? D. PPM and PAM B. A nonlinear device (Ans.)
C. A variable resistor
A. Reflected pulse return interval (Ans.) Which, if any, of the following is the D. None of the above
B. Reflected pulse duration primary disadvantage of pulse-position
C. Reflected pulse amplitude modulation? In CW demodulation, the first
D. Reflected pulse frequency requirement of the circuit is the ability to
A. It depends on transmitter-receiver detect
In a spark-gap modulator, what is the synchronization (Ans.)
function of the pulse-forming network? B. It is susceptible to noise interference A. the presence or absence of the carrier
C. Transmitter power varies (Ans.)
A. To store energy (Ans.) D. None of the above B. amplitude variations in the carrier
B. To increase the level of stored energy C. frequency variations in the carrier
C. To act as a power bleeder A PFM transmitter transmits 10,000 D. phase variations in the carrier
D. To rapidly discharge stored energy pulses per second without a modulating To aid in distinguishing between two or
signal applied. How, if at all, will a more CW signals that are close to the
The damping diode in a thyratron modulating signal affect the transmitted same frequency, which of the following
modulator serves which of the following pulse rate? detectors is used?
purposes?
A. It will decrease the transmitted pulse A. Diode
A. It discharges the pulse-forming rate B. Crystal
network B. It will increase the transmitted pulse C. Heterodyne (Ans.)
B. It limits the input signal rate D. Transistor
C. It prevents the breakdown of the C. Both A and B above (Ans.)
thyratron by reverse-voltage D. It will not affect the transmitted pulse Assume that two signals are received, one
transients (Ans.) rate at 500 kHz and the other at 501 kHz.
D. It rectifies the input signal What frequency, in kHz, should be mixed
The process of arbitrarily dividing a wave with them to distinguish the 501 kHz
Compared to a spark-gap modulator, the into a series of standard values is referred signal by producing a 1 kHz output?
thyratron modulator exhibits which of the to as
following advantages? A. 499 (Ans.)
A. arbitration B. 500
A. Improved timing (Ans.) B. quantization (Ans.) C. 501
B. Higher output pulses C. interposition D. 502
C. Higher trigger voltage D. approximation
D. Operates over a narrower range of A circuit that is nonlinear, provides
anode voltages and pulse-repetition A PCM system is capable of transmitting filtering, and is sensitive to the type of
rates 32 standard levels that ate sampled 2.5 modulation applied to it fulfills the
times per cycle of a 3-kHz modulating requirements of which, if any, of the
To transmit intelligence using pulse signal. What maximum number of bits following circuits?
modulation, which of the following pulse per second is transmitted?
characteristics may be varied? A. Mixer
A. 18,750 B. Modulator
A. Pulse duration B. 37,500 C. Demodulator (Ans.)
B. Pulse amplitude C. 75,000 D. None of the above
C. Pulse-repetition time D. 240,000 (Ans.)
D. Each of the above (Ans.) A detector uses which of the following
The process of recreating the original signals to approximate the original
To accurately reproduce a modulating modulating frequencies (intelligence) waveform?
signal in a pulse-modulated system, what
24
A. The sum frequency B. Detector
B. The carrier frequency C. Amplifier A. An amplifier
C. The modulation envelope (Ans.) D. Each of the above B. A flip-flop (Ans.)
D. None of the above C. An oscillator
For plate current to flow, what must be D. A transformer
A shunt diode circuit is used as a detector the polarities of (a) the quadrature grid
in which of the following instances? and (b) the limiter grid? What are the two types of electrical
communications?
A. When a large input signal is supplied A. (a) Negative (b) negative
(Ans.) B. (a) Negative (b) positive A. Radio and wire (Ans.)
B. When a large output current is C. (a) Positive (b) positive (Ans.) B. Television and wire
required D. (a) Positive (b) negative C. Telegraph and radio
C. When the input signal variations D. Television and radio
overdrive the audio amplifier stages ABOVE the center frequency of the
D. When the input signal variations are received fm signal, (a) will the tank Which of the following terms includes
too small to produce a full output appear capacitive or inductive, and (b) intelligence produced by wire, radio,
from audio amplifier stages will the average plate current increase or visual means, oral means or
decrease? electromagnetic systems?
This detector circuit is used under which
of the following circuit conditions? A. (a) Inductive (b) increase A. Telecommunications (Ans.)
B. (a) Inductive (b) decrease B. Radiotelegraph
A. When higher frequencies are used C. (a) Capacitive (b) decrease (Ans.) C. Electrolysis
B. When the best possible frequency D. (a) Capacitive (b) increase D. Photocopy
selection is required
C. When weak signals need to be To demodulate a phase-modulated signal, Radiotelegraph (cw) is valuable when
detected (Ans.) which, if any, of the following types of communicating to, from, and among
D. When strong signals need to be demodulators may be used? widely separated naval units. What is the
detected main advantage of the cw mode?
. A. Peak
When the circuit is operating ABOVE B. Quadrature (Ans.) A. Cost
resonance, (a) does inductive reactance C. Series-diode B. Speed
increase or decrease, and (b) does D. None of the above C. Security
capacitive reactance increase or decrease? D. Reliability (Ans.)
Which of the following circuits can be
A. (a) Increases (b) increases (Ans.) used as a communications pulse Tactical communications is usually
B. (a) Increases (b) decreases demodulator? considered as line-of-sight. What
C. (a) Decreases (b) decreases maximum distance is normally within the
D. (a) Decreases (b) increases A. Conversion line-of-sight range?
B. Peak detector
At resonance, what type of circuit does C. Low-pass filter A. 5 miles
the tank circuit appear to be? D. Each of the above (Ans.) B. 25 miles (Ans.)
C. 50 miles
A. Reactive When a pulse-duration modulated signal D. 250 miles
B. Resistive (Ans.) is determined by using a low-pass filter,
C. Inductive what characteristic of the signal is used? You want to transmit high-speed
D. Capacitive automatic page or tape copy across an
A. Width (Ans.) ocean area. Which of the following
At resonance, what is the phase B. Amplitude methods should you choose?
relationship between tank current and C. Frequency
primary voltage? D. Pulse position A. Facsimile
B. Radiotelegraph
A. Tank current leads primary voltage To detect pulse-duration modulation, the C. Radiotelephone (Ans.)
by 90 degrees low-pass filter components must be D. Radioteletypewriter
B. Tank current lags primary voltage by selected so that they pass only the
90 degrees What method is normally used to transmit
C. Tank current and primary voltage are A. carrier frequency graphs electronically?
in phase (Ans.) B. intermediate frequency
D. Tank current and primary voltage are C. pulse-repetition frequency A. Facsimile (Ans.)
out of phase D. desired modulating frequency (Ans.) B. Radio teletypewriter
C. Frequency-shift keying
What is the minimum input voltage, in What type(s) of modulation is/are D. Audio-frequency-tone shifting
mV, required for a ratio detector? normally detected by first converting
it/them to another type of modulation? Extremely low-frequency transmissions
A. 100 (Ans.) are primarily directed at which of the
B. 200 A. PPM only following users?
C. 300 B. PFM only
D. 400 C. PCM only A. Shore installations
D. PPM, PFM, and PCM (Ans.) B. Surface ships
Which of the following circuit functions C. Submarines (Ans.)
is performed by the gated-beam detector? What type of circuit can be used to D. Aircraft
convert from PPM to PDM for
A. Limiter demodulation?
25
VLF transmitters are used primarily for
which of the following purposes?
A. Navigation and fleet communications

(Ans.)
B. Frequency standards and time signals
C. Astronomy and oscillator calibration
D. Aircraft control and space vehicle
tracking
Navy use of the low-frequency band is

mainly for which, if any, of the following
broadcasts?
A. Ship to shore
B. Fleet multichannel (Ans.)
C. Space vehicle telemetry
D. None of the above
For which of the following reasons does

the Navy use only the upper and lower
ends of the MF band?
A. They are the most reliable

B. They produce the best propagation
C. The commercial FM band occupies
the middle
D. The commercial AM band occupies
the middle (Ans.)
END
26

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2-Part 1

What is the major advantage of the A. Medium (Ans.) A. Air

A. Space-wave refraction A. Ionospheric density A. velocities

With an antenna height of 40 feet and a A. Polarization A. One-quarter wavelength and

A. Simple construction A. A safety harness has been issued to A. Air (Ans.)

A. To decrease frequency range A. Waveguides (Ans.) A. Decrease in dimensions (Ans.)

A. iris What type of corrosion occurs when A. Low Q

A. Heat (Ans.) Internal arcing in a waveguide is usually a A. Size only

A. Increasing plate voltage A. Before each use A. Low noise (Ans.)

A. The ac field only (Ans.) A. Frequency (Ans.) In a nondegenerative parametric amplifier

A. Vertical wavefront A. Bias tuning Bulk-effect semiconductors have what

In an FSK transmitter, what stage is A 1,000-Hz tone of a certain loudness

A. Navigation and fleet communications

Navy use of the low-frequency band is

For which of the following reasons does

A. They are the most reliable

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