Duhok Polytechnic University

Technical College of Engineering

Petrochemical Department

Process control and instrumentation

Name of Experiment:

STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM
EX No. 5
Date: 13-11-2018
Date of delivery :27-11-2018

Name: Mohammed Ihsan

Group : B
Introduction

This compact experimental unit offers every opportunity to learn the

fundamentals of control engineering through experimentation on a
pressure control system.
The experimental setup is mounted on a housing which accommodates
all the electronics. The pressure tank is charged with compressed air by
a diaphragm gas pump.
The advantage of the dial-gauge manometer is that the pressure in the
tank can be observed directly at any time. The pressure is measured
using a pressure sensor. The sensor output signal is sent to the software
controller. The output signal from the controller influences the speed of
the diaphragm gas pump and hence the flow rate. An air consumer is
simulated by way of a flow control valve. A solenoid valve through which
air can escape can be activated by the software to investigate the
influence of disturbance variables.
Learning Objectives / Experiments
fundamentals of control engineering based on the example of a pressure
control system with PT1 behaviour
open loop control response
- effects of different controller parameters and methods on the response
of the closed loop system
- recording of step responses
* reference variable
* disturbance variable.
- controller optimisation
- software-based controlled system simulation
* comparison of different controlled system parameters.
 Process Diagram

Y % represent the input

Z % represent the Bleeder.

X represent the output (amount of Pressure in the Vessel)

Performance Characteristics of
Instruments

Two classes of characteristic are used to evaluate

Dynamic Characteristic: is defined as the characteristics that

you must consider when the instrumentis measuring a medium
which changes with time

•Attributes associated with dynamic measurement

•Set of criteria that are used when we measure a quantity that is a
rapidly changing with time.

Static characteristic :

•Attributes associated with static measurement

•Set of criteria that are used when we measure a quantity that is
constant or changes very slowly.
Accuracy
Accuracy is the closeness of a measurement to the true value.

Precision: Precision is the closeness of agreement among a set of

results.

Calibration

The precision of the laser meter used in the example above is good
and the accuracy of the meter can be improved with calibration as

calibration = 6.01 m - 6 m

= 0.01 m

Sensitivity
Sensitivity is the increment of the output signal (or response) to the
increment of the input measured signal - and can be expressed as

Repeatability
Repeatability is the variation in measurements taken on the same
item under the same conditions.

Reproducibility
Reproducibility is the ability of a measurement to be duplicated,
either by the same person or by someone else under changed
conditions.
TABLE:

NO Y% compressor Manometer
Z%
1 20 0 0.03 0.15
2 22 0 0.03 0.15
3 24 0 0.03 0.15
4 26 0 0.03 0.15
5 28 0 0.12 0.26
6 30 0 0.15 0.31
7 32 0 0.19 0.34
8 34 0 0.25 0.4
9 36 0 0.3 0.45
10 38 0 0.35 0.5
11 40 0 0.41 0.55
12 42 0 0.47 0.63
13 44 0 0.55 0.7
14 46 0 0.63 0.79
15 48 0 0.8 0.85
16 50 0 1.01 1.16
17 52 0 1.24 1.37
18 54 0 1.24 1.37
19 56 0 1.24 1.37

Calculations:
Accuracy : True value :measured value – true value /true value *100
6 True value %= 51.6 %
7 True value %=44.1 %
8 True value %= 37.5%

Fall scale deflection = measured value – true value/maximum scale value

*100
6 12.09%
7 12.09%
8 12.09%
For compressor:
Range = 0.03 to 1.24
Span = highest point – lowest point
1.24 - 0.03 = 1.21
Resolution = 0.03
For manometer :
Range =0.15 to 1.37
Span = highest point – lowest point
1.37 - 0.15= 1.22
Resolution = 0.15

Static sensitivity : define as ratio of change in the output

or response of instrument to a change of input or
measured variable

∆y=change in y ∆x=change in x
 1.4

1.2
Piezo-electric sensor

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Y% Input

Slope = 0.0362

1.6

1.4

1.2
Manometer

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Y% Input

Slope = 0.0366