CHAPTER 1

CONIC SECTIONS
Ø A conic section is the intersection of a plane and a cone.

Ø A conic section is the locus of a point that moves in a plane so that the ratio
of its distance from a fixed point (focus) to its distance from a fixed line
(directrix) is a positive constant (eccentricity).

PF
Ø Or equivalently, e =
PD

General Parts of a Conic

1. Focus à the fixed point F.

2. Directrix à the fixed line D.

3. Eccentricity à the positive

constant ratio e.

Figure 1.1
Types of Conics Value of Eccentricity
1. Parabola 1
2. Ellipse <1
3. Hyperbola >1

Note:
If e → 0 , the ellipse approaches to a circle.

1
1.1 Circle

Ø A circle is the locus of a point that moves in a plane so that its distance from
a fixed point (center) remains constant.

Ø is the set of points equidistant from a fixed point within called the center.

Terminologies:

1. Radius
Ø It is the constant distance (segment connecting the center and any point
on the circle).

2. Center
Ø It is the fixed point (not on the circumference of a circle) equidistant from
any point on the circle.

3. Chord
Ø It is the segment connecting any points of a circle

4. Diameter
Ø It is the longest chord of a circle.
Ø Formed by connecting any two points of a circle which passes through
the center.

5. Tangent Line
Ø It is the line that touches the circle at exactly one point called the point of
tangency.

6. Secant Line
Ø It is the line that intersects or touches the circle at exactly two points.
y y
chord

center diameter

Tangent Line
•
radius
• Radius

x x
Secant Line

2
 1.1.1 Equations of a Circle

A. Standard Forms of Equations of a Circle (Center – Radius Form)

1. Center, C(h, k) and radius, r

(x − h)2 + (y − k )2 = r 2
2. Center at the origin, C(0, 0) and radius, r
x 2 + y2 = r2

y y

r
C(h, k)
C(0, 0) •
r
• x x

Proof:

Given a fixed point C(h, k) and a moving point P(x, y) while r be the constant
distance from C to P.

Hence, r= (x − h)2 + (y − k )2
2 2
r 2 = (x − h) + (y − k )
or (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r 2
which is the standard form of equation of a circle or Center – Radius Form

Note:

1. If r 2 > 0 then there is a graph and it is a circle.

2. If r 2 = 0 then the graph is a single point and it sometimes called a point circle.

3. If r 2 < 0 then there is no graph because r is imaginary number.

B. General Equations of a Circle

x 2 + y 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 or Ax 2 + Ay 2 + DI x + EI y + FI = 0 where A ≠ 0

3
 Reduction of General Equations of a Circle to its Standard Form

To reduce the general equation of a circle to its standard form, the following steps are
recommended.

Given: x 2 + y 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 (General Form)

Step 1: Group the x – terms and y – terms separately and transpose the constant
term on the right side, that is

(x 2
) ( )
+ Dx + y 2 + Ey = −F
2 2
⎛D⎞ ⎛E⎞
Step 2: Complete the square in its group by adding ⎜ ⎟ and ⎜ ⎟ , respectively
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠
on both sides of the equation. Hence,

⎛ 2 D2 ⎞ ⎛ 2 E2 ⎞ D2 E2
⎜⎜ x + Dx + ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ y + Ey + ⎟⎟ = − F + +
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ 4 4

Step 3: Factor each perfect square in its group and simplify the equation. Thus,

2 2
⎛ D⎞ ⎛ E⎞ D2 + E2 − 4F
⎜⎜ x + ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ y + ⎟⎟ =
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ 4

Clearly, we derive / reduce the equation to center – radius form from which the
center and radius are as follows:

⎛ D E⎞ 1
Center: C⎜ − ,− ⎟ Radius: r = D 2 + E 2 − 4F
⎝ 2 2⎠ 2

Note:
If the numerical coefficients of x2 and y2 are not both 1, divide first the whole
equation that will make them 1 before proceeding to the recommended steps.

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Name: _________________________________________________ Score: _____________
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Day: _______________ Time: ________________ Professor: _________________________

Exercise No. 1
GRAPHS OF THE CIRCLES

I. Reduce each of the following equations of the circle to its general

form.

1. (x − 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 4 2. (x + 5)2 + (y − 3)2 = 9

3. ( )
3x + 2 2y − 3x 2 = 2 + 6y 2 4. (y + 3)2 + (x − 2)2 = 3(x + 2) − 2(y − 3)
II. Reduce each of the following equations of the circle to its standard or
center – radius form. Do not graph.

1. x 2 + y 2 − 2y − 4 = 0 2. x 2 + y 2 − 10x − 12y + 52 = 0
3. 9x 2 + 9y 2 + 12x − 24y + 14 = 0 4. 16x 2 + 16y 2 + 24x − 40y + 37 = 0

III. Without the reduction to the standard form, that is, by using the
formulas radius and center, classify the graph of the equation as to
circle, point circle or no graph.

1. x 2 + y 2 − 10x − 4y + 40 = 0 2. x 2 + y 2 − 12x + 6y + 45 = 0
3. x 2 + y 2 + 16x − 6y + 53 = 0 4. x 2 + y 2 − 14x − 4y + 103 = 0
5. 4x 2 + 4y 2 − 36x + 12y + 90 = 0 6. 9x 2 + 9y 2 + 12x − 24y − 25 = 0

IV. Reduce the equation of the circle to its standard form. Identify the
center and radius. If possible, graph the circle.

1. x 2 + y 2 − 2y − 3 = 0 2. x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 7 = 0
3. x 2 + y 2 − 16x + 10y + 73 = 0 4. x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 4y + 4 = 0
5. 16x 2 + 16y 2 − 16x + 8y − 139 = 0 6. 16x 2 + 16y 2 − 8x + 16y − 59 = 0

V. Find the circumference and area of a circle whose equation is

1. x 2 + y 2 − 16x + 14y + 63 = 0 2. x 2 + y 2 + 18x − 20y + 141= 0

3. 9x 2 + 9y 2 − 6x + 6y − 223 = 0 4. 8x 2 + 8y 2 + 4x − 4y − 287 = 0

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Name: _________________________________________________ Score: _____________
Course/Year: ____________________ Room: ________________ Date: _____________
Day: _______________ Time: ________________ Professor: _________________________

Exercise No. 2
CIRCLES DETERMINED BY SIMPLE CONDITION

I. Find the equation of the circle determined by the given conditions.

1. with center (3, –4) and radius of 6.

2. with center (–5, 3) and radius of 7 .

2

3. with center at the origin and diameter of 16.

4. with center at the origin and diameter of 12.

5. with center (–3, –4) and passing through (5, –8).

6. with center (3, –6) and passing through (–7, 9).

7. having the points (6, –3) and (4, 1) as ends of the diameter.

8. having the points (–5, 2) and (3, –4) as ends of the diameter.

9. center at (–4, 3) and touching the x – axis.

10. center at (–3, 1) and touching the y – axis.

11. with radius 4, touching both axes and center in the 3rd quadrant.

12. with radius 5, touching both axes and center in the 4th quadrant.

13. with center at (–2, –1) and tangent to the line 4x – 3y = 12.

14. with center at (–4, 2) and tangent to the line 5x + 12y = –9.

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Name: _________________________________________________ Score: _____________
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Day: _______________ Time: ________________ Professor: _________________________

Exercise No. 3
CIRCLES DETERMINED BY THREE CONDITIONS (for the advanced level)

I. Find the equation of the circle determined by the given conditions.

1. Passing through (1, 2), (3, 4), ( –5 , 6)

2. Passing through (–2, 3), (4, –5), ( 6 , –7)

3. Inscribed in a triangle with sides on the lines 3 x − y − 5 = 0 , x + 3y − 1 = 0 and

x − 3y − 11 = 0

4. Circumscribing the triangle formed by the lines x − y + 2 = 0 , 2 x + 3y − 1 = 0 and

4x + y – 17 = 0.

5. Tangent to the line 3x – 4y = –5 at (1, 2) and passing through (–4, 1).

6. Tangent to the line 4x – 3y = 28 at (4, –4) and passing through (–3, –5).

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1.2 Parabola

Ø Parabola is the locus of a point that moves in a plane so that its distance from
a fixed point is equal to its distance from a fixed line.

Ø Its eccentricity is one.

Parts and Properties of a Parabola:

1. Focus
Ø The fixed point F.

2. Directrix
Ø The fixed line D.

3. Vertex
Ø The point on the parabola which is halfway from the focus to the directrix.

4. Axis of Symmetry
Ø The line passing through the focus and perpendicular to the directrix.
Ø This axis divides the parabola into two equal branches.

5. Latus Rectum (Right Chord)

Ø A chord connecting two points of the parabola passing through the focus
and perpendicular to the axis of symmetry.

Figure 1.2

8
 Important Lengths and Distances Involved in a Parabola:

1. a = distance from vertex to focus or from vertex to directrix.

Or equivalently, VF = VD = a

2. 2a = distance from focus to an end of latus rectum or a directrix.

Or equivalently, FL = FR = FD = 2a

3. 4a = length of latus rectum.

Or equivalently, LR = 4a

4. e = 1

1.2.1 Equations of Parabola

Consider the parabola in Fig.1.2. This parabola has a vertex at (0, 0), focus at
(a, 0) and a moving point P(x, y). From the definition of a parabola, we obtain

PF = PD

(x − a)2 + (y − 0)2 = x − (− a)

(x − a)2 + y 2 = x +a

(x − a)2 + y 2 = (x + a)
2

x 2 − 2ax + a2 = x 2 + 2ax + a2

y 2 = 4ax

which is one of the standard equations of parabolas.

I. Standard Equations of Parabolas with Vertex at (0, 0)

Axis of Symmetry Opening Equation

1. OX right y 2 = 4ax
2. OX left y 2 = −4ax
3. OY upward x 2 = 4ay
4. OY downward x 2 = −4ay

9
II. Standard Equations of Parabolas with Vertex at (h, k)

Equation of
Axis of Symmetry Opening Equation
Directrix
Parallel or
1.
Identical to OX
right (y − k)2 = 4a(x − h) x =h−a
Parallel or
2.
Identical to OX
left (y − k)2 = −4a(x − h) x = h+a
Parallel or
3. upward (x − h)2 = 4a(y − k) y =k−a
Identical to OY
Parallel or
4. downward (x − h)2 = −4a(y − k) y =k+a
Identical to OY

III. General Equations of Parabolas

Axis of Symmetry Equation

2
x + Dx + Ey + F = 0 , E ≠ 0
1. Vertical
Ax 2 + DI x + EI y + FI = 0 , A , EI ≠ 0
y 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 , D ≠ 0
2. Horizontal
Cy 2 + DI x + EI y + FI = 0 , C , DI ≠ 0

Figure 1.3: Graphs of Parabolas with Vertex at (0, 0)

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Figure 1.4: Graphs of Parabolas with Vertex at (h, k)

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Name: _________________________________________________ Score: _____________
Course/Year: ____________________ Room: ________________ Date: _____________
Day: _______________ Time: ________________ Professor: _________________________

Exercise No. 4
GRAPHS OF THE PARABOLA

I. Given the equation of the parabola, find the direction of its opening, vertex,
focus, and endpoints of the latus rectum. Determine the equation of the directrix
and draw the parabola.

1. y 2 = 4x

2. x 2 = −12y

3. (x − 3)2 = −8(y + 2)
4. (y + 4)2 = 20(x − 1)
II. Given the equation of the parabola, reduce to its standard form and then find
the direction of its opening, vertex, focus, and endpoints of the latus rectum.
Determine the equation of the directrix and draw the parabola.

1. y = 9 − x2

2. y2 + x + 4 = 0

3. x 2 − 8x − y + 18 = 0

4. x 2 − 6x + 3 y − 6 = 0

5. 4y 2 + 4y + 16x − 39 = 0

6. 16y 2 − 8y − 128x − 159 = 0

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Name: _________________________________________________ Score: _____________
Course/Year: ____________________ Room: ________________ Date: _____________
Day: _______________ Time: ________________ Professor: _________________________

Exercise No. 5
PARABOLAS DETERMINED BY CONDITIONS

I. Find the equation of the parabola with vertex at the origin and which satisfies the
given conditions.

1. Focus at (4, 0)

2. Focus at (0, –5)

3. Directrix is y + 3 = 0

4. Directrix is x – 6 = 0

5. Length of latus rectum is 30, opening is to the left

6. Containing the point (2, –3) and opening is downward.

II. Find the equation of the parabola that satisfies the given conditions.

1. Vertex (3, 2), focus (3, 5)

2. Vertex (–5, 7), focus (8, 7)

3. Vertex (–4, 3), equation of directrix y + 3 = 0

4. Vertex (4, –2), equation of directrix x + 4 = 0

5. Vertex (2, –3), axis parallel to OY, latus rectum 6.

6. Vertex (0,3), axis parallel to OX, passing through (4,9)

7. With vertical axis whose focus is the point (4, 3) and whose latus rectum has
length 8.

8. Focus (–1, 4), endpoint of latus rectum (–1, 1).

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1.3 Ellipse

Ø Ellipse is the locus of a point that moves in a plane so that the sum of its
distances from two fixed points is always constant.

Ø Its eccentricity is less than one.

Parts and Properties of an Ellipse:

1. Foci (plural of focus)

Ø The two fixed points F1 and F2.
2. Center
Ø The point midway between F1 and F2.
3. Principal Axis
Ø The axis of symmetry passing through the foci and perpendicular to the
directrices.
4. Major Axis
Ø The line segment through the foci and joining two points of the ellipse.
Ø It lies on the principal axis.
5. Minor Axis
Ø The line segment through the center and perpendicular to the major axis.
Ø Its endpoints are points of the ellipse.
6. The graph of an ellipse is symmetric with respect to both major and minor axes.
7. The length of the major axis is always greater than the length of the minor axis.
8. Vertices
Ø The intersection of the ellipse with the major axis determines the two points
V1 and V2.
9. Co – vertices
Ø The endpoints of the minor axis B1 and B2.
10. Latera Recta (plural of latus rectum)
Ø The line segments through the foci perpendicular to the major axis and
joining two points of the ellipse.
11. Directrices (plural of directrix)
Ø The two fixed lines D1 and D2 and parallel to the latera recta.

14
 Important Lengths and Distances Involved in an Ellipse:

1. a = distance from center to an end of major axis (length of semi – major axis)
2. 2a = length of major axis
3. b = distance from center to an end of minor axis (length of semi – minor axis).
4. 2b = length of minor axis

5. c = ae = a2 − b2 = distance from center to focus

6. 2c = distance between foci

2b 2
7. = length of each latus rectum
a
b2
8. = distance from focus to an end of a latus rectum
a
a a2
9. = = distance from center to directrix
e c
a2 − b2
10. e = = eccentricity of the ellipse , e < 1
a
11. a > b and a > c

Figure 1.5 Graph of an Ellipse

15
 1.3.1 Equations of Ellipse

Consider the ellipse in Fig. 1.5. This ellipse has vertices at (–a, 0) and (a, 0), co –
vertices at (0, b) and (0, –b), foci at (–c, 0) and (c, 0) and a moving point P(x, y).
From the definition of an ellipse, we obtain

PF1 + PF2 = 2a

(x + c)2 + (y − 0)2 + (x − c)2 + (y − 0)2 = 2a

(x + c)2 + y 2 = 2a − (x − c)2 + y 2
2
x 2 + 2cx + c2 + y 2 = 4a2 − 4a (x − c) + y 2 + x 2 − 2cx + c2 + y 2

2
cx − a2 = − a (x − c) + y 2
(
c 2 x 2 − 2a2 cx + a4 = a2 x 2 − 2cx + c2 + y 2 )
( ) ( )
a2 a2 − c 2 = a2 − c 2 x 2 + a2 y 2
x2 y2
+ =1
a2 a2 − c 2
let b 2 = a2 − c 2

x 2 y2
+ =1
a2 b 2

which is one of the standard equations of ellipse.

I. Standard Equations of Ellipses with Center at (0, 0); a > b

Principal / Major Axis Equation Directrices

x2
y 2
a a2
1. OX + 2 =1 x = ± or x = ±
a 2
b e c
y 2
x2 a a2
2. OY + =1 y = ± or y = ±
a2 b 2 e c

16
II. Standard Equations of Ellipses with Center at (h, k) ; a > b

Principal / Major Axis Equation Directrices

2 2
Parallel or Identical (x − h) (y − k ) a a2
1. + =1 x = h± or x = h ±
to OX a2 b2 e c
2.
Parallel or Identical (y − k )2 + (x − h)2 = 1 a
y = k ± or y = k ±
a2
to OY a2 b2 e c

III. General Equations of Ellipses

Ax 2 + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

where A ≠ C but of the same sign.

Figure 1.6: Graphs of Ellipses with Center at (0, 0)

Figure 1.7: Graphs of Ellipses with Center at (h, k)

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Name: _________________________________________________ Score: _____________
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Exercise No. 6
GRAPHS OF ELLIPSE

I. Given the equation of the ellipse, find the center, foci, vertices and ends of
latera recta. Determine the equations of directrices and draw the ellipse.

x 2 y2
1. + =1
16 25

x 2 y2
2. + =1
100 36

3.
(x − 1)2 + (y + 2)2 =1
49 25

4.
(x + 2)2 + (y − 1)2 =1
36 64

II. Given the equation of the ellipse, reduce to its standard form and then find the
center, foci, vertices and ends of latera recta. Determine the equations of
directrices and draw the ellipse.

1. 9x 2 + 25y 2 − 225 = 0

2. 16x 2 + 25y 2 − 400 = 0

3. 100x 2 + 49y 2 + 400x − 4500 = 0

4. x 2 + 3y 2 + 4x + 6y + 1 = 0

5. 36x 2 + 25y 2 − 144x + 150y − 531= 0

6. 16x 2 + 25y 2 − 128x − 150y + 381= 0

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Name: _________________________________________________ Score: _____________
Course/Year: ____________________ Room: ________________ Date: _____________
Day: _______________ Time: ________________ Professor: _________________________

Exercise No. 7
ELLIPSES DETERMINED BY CONDITIONS

I. Find the equation of the ellipse with center at the origin and which satisfies the
given conditions.

1. Major axis 8, focus (0, 2).

2. Vertex (0, 4), eccentricity ½ .

3. Foci ( ± 3 , 0), vertex (5, 0).

4. Focus (8, 0), vertex (10, 0)

5. Vertices ( ± 5 , 0), latus rectum 8 .

5

6. Eccentricity ½ , distance between foci 4, minor axis horizontal.

II. Find the equation of the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions.

1. Center (2, 0), focus (2, 6), eccentricity 2 .

3

2. Minor axis 12, distance between foci 16, center (–4, 2), major axis parallel to x –
axis.

3. Focus (–3, 4), directrix y = –1, eccentricity 2 .

3

4. Foci (13, –5), (–3, –5), eccentricity 8 , latus rectum 34 .

9 9

5. Equations of directrices y = 5 and y = –7, one of the foci (6, 3).

6. Ends of major axis (–5, 4), (9, 4), one end of minor axis (2, 6).

7. Endpoints of minor axis (–5, 1) and (11, 1), one latus rectum on the line y = –5.

8. Center (1, –1), major axis parallel to OX, length of one latus rectum 8 , distance
3
between foci 2 5 .

19
1.4 Hyperbola

Ø A hyperbola is the locus of a point that moves in a plane so that the

difference of its distances from two fixed points is always constant.
Ø Its eccentricity is greater than one.

Parts and Properties of a Hyperbola:

1. Foci (plural of focus)

Ø The two fixed points F1 and F2.
2. Center
Ø The point midway between F1 and F2.
3. Principal Axis
Ø The axis of symmetry passing through the foci and perpendicular to the
directrices.
4. Transverse Axis
Ø The line segment on the principal axis through the center and joining the
vertices of the hyperbola.
5. Conjugate Axis
Ø The line segment through the center and perpendicular to the transverse
axis.
6. Associated in the graph of a hyperbola is an auxiliary rectangle tangent at the
vertices.
7. The graph of a hyperbola is symmetric with respect to both transverse and
conjugate axes.
8. Vertices
Ø The intersection of the hyperbola with the transverse axis determines the
two points V1 and V2.
9. Co – vertices
Ø The endpoints of the conjugate axis B1 and B2.
10. Latera Recta (plural of latus rectum)
Ø The line segments through the foci perpendicular to the transverse axis
and joining two points of the hyperbola.
11. Directrices (plural of directrix)
Ø The two fixed lines D1 and D2 and parallel to the latera recta.

20
12. Asymptotes
Ø The lines that comes closer and closer to the hyperbola and passing
through the diagonals of the auxiliary rectangle.
13. The length of the transverse axis can be greater or less than the length of the
conjugate axis.
Important Lengths and Distances Involved in a Hyperbola:

1. a = distance from center to an end of transverse axis or from center to vertex.

2. b = distance from center to an end of conjugate axis.

3. c = ae = a2 + b2 = distance from center to focus

4. 2a = length of transverse axis
5. 2b = length of conjugate axis
6. 2c = distance between foci

2b 2
7. = length of each latus rectum
a
b2
8. = distance from focus to an end of a latus rectum
a
a a2
9. = = distance from center to directrix
e c

c a 2 + b2
10. e = = eccentricity of the hyperbola, e >1
a a
11. c > a and c > b

Figure 1.8 Graph of a Hyperbola

21
 1.4.1 Equations of Hyperbola

Consider the hyperbola in Fig. 1.8. This hyperbola has vertices at (–a, 0) and
(a, 0), endpoints of conjugate axis at (0, b) and (0, –b), foci at (–c, 0) and (c, 0) and
a moving point P(x, y). From the definition of a hyperbola, we obtain

PF1 − PF2 = 2a

2 2 2 2
( x + c) + ( y − 0 ) − ( x − c) + ( y − 0 ) = 2a

2 2
( x + c) + y 2 = 2a + ( x − c) + y2

2
x 2 + 2cx + c2 + y 2 = 4a2 + 4a ( )
x − c + y 2 + x 2 − 2cx + c2 + y 2

2
cx − a2 = a ( x − c) + y2

(
c 2 x 2 − 2a2 cx + a4 = a2 x 2 − 2cx + c2 + y 2 )
(c 2
)
− a2 x 2 − a2 y 2 = a2 c2 − a2 ( )
x2 y2
− =1
a2 c2 − a2
let b2 = c2 − a2

x2 y2
− =1
a2 b2

which is one of the standard equations of hyperbola.

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 I. Standard Equations of Hyperbolas with Center at (0, 0)

Principal /
Equation Directrices Asymptotes
Transverse Axis
x2 y2 a a2 b
1. OX − =1 x = ± or x = ± y = ± x
a2 b2 e c a
y2 x2 a a2 a
2. OY − =1 y = ± or y = ± y = ± x
a2 b2 e c b

II. Standard Equations of Hyperbolas with Center at (h, k)

Principal /
Equation Directrices Asymptotes
Transverse Axis
2 2 a
Parallel or ( x − h) − (y − k) x = h± or
=1 e b
1. Identical to OX
or horizontal a2
b 2
a2
y−k = ±
a
(
x −h)
x = h±
c
2 2 a
Parallel or ( y −k ) −( x −h ) y = k ± or
=1 e a
2. Identical to OY
or vertical a2
b 2
a2
y−k = ±
b
(
x −h)
y = k±
c

III. General Equations of Hyperbolas

Ax 2 + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

where A and C are of opposite signs.

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Name: _________________________________________________ Score: _____________
Course/Year: ____________________ Room: ________________ Date: _____________
Day: _______________ Time: ________________ Professor: _________________________

Exercise No. 8
GRAPHS OF HYPERBOLA

I. Given the equation of the hyperbola, find the center, foci, vertices, endpoints of
transverse and conjugate axis, and endpoints of latera recta. Determine the
equations of directrices and asymptotes, and then draw the hyperbola.

x 2 y2
1. − =1
16 9

x 2 y2
2. − =1
36 64

2 2

3.
(y − 2) − ( x +1) =1
16 25

2 2

4.
(y +1) − ( x − 2) =1
49 49

II. Given the equation of the hyperbola, reduce to its standard form and then find
the center, foci, vertices, endpoints of transverse and conjugate axis, and
endpoints of latera recta. Determine the equations of directrices and
asymptotes, and then draw the hyperbola.

1. 144x 2 − 25y 2 − 3600 = 0

2. 16x 2 − 9y 2 −144 = 0

3. x 2 − y 2 − 4x −10y − 25 = 0

4. x 2 − y 2 + 6x + 2y −1= 0

5. 16y 2 − 9x 2 − 96y +18x − 441= 0

6. 144y 2 − 25x 2 + 288y +100x − 3556 = 0

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Name: _________________________________________________ Score: _____________
Course/Year: ____________________ Room: ________________ Date: _____________
Day: _______________ Time: ________________ Professor: _________________________

Exercise No. 9
HYPERBOLAS DETERMINED BY CONDITIONS

I. Find the equation of the hyperbola satisfying the given conditions.

1. Center at the origin, focus (8, 0) and vertex (6, 0).

2. Center at the origin, focus (0, 4) and vertex (0, –3).

3. Center at the origin, transverse axis on OX of length 6 and length of latus rectum
16.

4. Center at the origin, transverse axis on OX of length 8 and length of latus rectum
9/2.

5. Foci (0, ±5 ) and vertex (0, 3).

6. Foci ( ±5 , 0) and vertex (4, 0).

7. Center (2, –3), transverse axis 12, horizontal conjugate axis 10.

8. Center (0, 1), distance between foci 16 and distance between horizontal
directrices 2.

9. Center (–2, 1), transverse axis parallel to OX, eccentricity 2 and distance
between directrices 5 2 .

10. Center (5, –3), conjugate axis parallel to OY, eccentricity 13 and each latus
3
rectum 8 .
3

11. Center (–2, 1), distance between foci 2 13 , slopes of asymptotes ± 23 and
vertical transverse axis.

12. Foci (0, ±4 ) and equation of asymptote y = 2x.

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