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EXILE’S
RETURN
I l l u s t r a t i o n b y C H A NG PA R K
144
145
C
soon be lifted with the approval of Pakistan’s current
president, General Pervez Musharraf.
Bhutto, who is the chairwoman of the prominent
Pakistan Peoples Party, is seizing on a very low
moment in Musharraf’s popularity to bargain with
him. His long alliance with George Bush, his failed
attempt at firing Pakistan’s popular supreme court
chief justice last March and his authorization of
a raid last July on an Islamabad mosque, which
killed 100 people, all weigh heavily in her favor. An
independent poll conducted in late August showed
Musharraf with only a 38 percent approval rating,
George Bush with nine percent—and Osama bin
Laden with 46 percent. Bhutto held a 63 percent
Caesar is barking in the courtyard. When I pass approval rating, however. She hopes to use that
him, he pulls at his chain, trying to reach me, and advantage to restore democracy in her country with
not for a pat on the head. He’s not a big dog, but he’s herself at the helm, and then convince the Pakistani
fierce and muscular, with a mouth full of long, sharp people that America’s antiterrorism agenda is
teeth. Caesar is Benazir Bhutto’s dog. He’s snarling preferable to the al-Qaeda alternative.
in the background as I proceed on an afternoon in When I wonder out loud to her about the dangers
early September to the front door of one of Bhutto’s of returning to Pakistan and about what could
houses, this one in a Middle Eastern country that she possibly motivate her, she tells me, “In the last
has asked me not to identify. election, my party took the largest number of votes,
Caesar, it occurs to me, is a richly ironic name for
FROM LEFT
the pet of someone who considers herself a freedom Bhutto, at 19, at
fighter and democracy advocate. But then, Bhutto’s an historic India-
Pakistan summit.
pets have run the gamut of appellations, and it is
Bhutto’s brothers,
perhaps unwise to come to conclusions, ironic or not, Shahnawaz (in
based on what she chooses to name them. When she turtleneck) and Mir
(with mustache),
was a fiery opposition leader in Pakistan in 1986, two
leading a 1979
years before she was first elected prime minister, her protest of General
cat was called Sugar. Zia’s decision to
execute their
“Be sure to take Sugar to the vet.”
father. Zulfikar Ali
Those are the last words Bhutto is reported to have Bhutto, 1972.
spoken to her staff back then, as she was whisked off
to jail in a police car, and not for the first time.
When I get past Caesar and into the house,
Bhutto is in one of the broad downstairs receiving
rooms giving a formal interview to reporters from
Al Arabiya television. I can hear her cultured voice despite all the mudslinging that has taken place.
going on in English about the need for democratic I feel I owe a debt to the people to go back.” She
146
(from whom Bhutto is reportedly estranged), lives Maybe V. S. Naipaul and Pakistani novelists like
with his dog, Maximilian, in New York. Today, her Mohsin Hamid and Hanif Kureishi. But then, when
household is in flux, with furniture moved here she is not in her role as a former and possibly future
and there to accommodate the television crew and world leader, Benazir is surprisingly unpretentious.
sofas turning up in strange places, like the foot of Perhaps this is because during her life, she has
the stairs. But a life spent in Pakistani politics has been not only celebrated but also humbled, as a
accustomed Benazir Bhutto to chaos and disarray. central actor in a family saga that seems sometimes
She thrives on it. like a Greek tragedy—with zeniths of political power
and nadirs of violent death—and at other moments
like a lowbrow soap opera.
I remember visiting Benazir with Mir back
In the front sitting room, where I’m waiting for in college, at Eliot House, a big brick dormitory
Bhutto, is a little library with shelves of books labeled next to the Charles River. Her room was splashed
by category: not just BIOGRAPHIES, FICTION, SPEECHES, with bright, mirrored fabric and bedspreads made
RELIGION and SOUTH ASIA but also COOKING BOOKS, in Pakistan. Her nickname, given to her by her
YOGA, SELF-HELP, HEALTH and ASTROLOGY. I see one father, was Pinkie, because of her fair skin. Mir
section called FAMILY. Based on the quantity of was a little awed by his big sister, but they had
self-help and health titles—such as Facial Workout, an easy, teasing relationship. The writer Anne
The Little Book of Stress and Eat to Beat Your Age—I Fadiman, who roomed next door to Benazir then,
expect the family shelves to include books on how later noted that when Bhutto arrived in Cambridge,
to listen to your kids so your kids will talk to you. Massachusetts, a prodigy at the age of 16, “She
Instead I discover that the 60 to 70 volumes there are had never cooked a meal, washed a blouse, walked
either about the Bhutto family or include chapters more than a block without being picked up by
Of herself in
college, Bhutto
tells me, “I give
thanks to God
that I was in the
U.S. in those
hippie days and
we were all so
informal. I learned
to look after
about a member of the family, most often her father, myself. I came a chauffeur or lifted a ringing
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, a progressive, democratically from so privileged telephone.” She had been
elected prime minister who was ousted, imprisoned raised like an Indian princess
and hanged in 1979 by General Muhammad Zia-
a background; during the Raj, surrounded
ul-Haq, one of the presidents who preceded there, I became by lackeys and ayahs.
Musharraf. Open on a small table next to the self-sufficient. Of herself at that time,
bookcases is How to Know God: The Soul’s Journey In the face of what Bhutto told me later, “I have
into the Mystery of Mysteries, by Deepak Chopra. lived a life of contrasts,
I knew Benazir Bhutto slightly when she and I
later happened, and I give thanks to God that
were at Harvard together in the early 1970s. I met I would have crum- I was in the U.S. inthose
her through her younger brother, Mir, my friend and bled otherwise.” hippie days and we were all
classmate. This is not exactly the library—especially so informal. I learned to look
the public library—I would have expected of a after myself. I could go to
graduate of Harvard and Oxford University who was airports and pick up my own luggage and make
elected president of the prestigious Oxford Union my own bed. I came from so privileged a background;
debating society back in 1977. I would have expected there, I became self-sufficient. In the face of what
Shakespeare, John Stuart Mill, Milton, Carlyle and later happened to me, I would have crumbled
Disraeli perhaps, and possibly Trollope or Dickens. otherwise.” w
147
One of the things that happened to her was General Bhutto never doubted that a woman could be
Zia, the man who orchestrated the 1986 arrest during elected in Pakistan. “I thought it was the most natural
which she had to leave her cat Sugar behind, the thing in the world,” she says. “My father never made
same tin-pot, mustachioed dictator who had a discrimination between the girls and the boys in the
ordered the execution of her father. After Zulfikar family. He never said, ‘Because you’re a girl, you’re
Ali Bhutto was hanged, Benazir, then 26 years old, not going to be considered the eldest.’ I sat at the
took up the reins of his political organization and head of the table because I was the eldest. I thought
became an important opposition figure during those it was the same all over Pakistan. It was a big shock
turbulent days. when I found out it wasn’t so.”
General Zia sensed her potential immediately; In the end, though, her gender was not the
Muslim South Asia is a place where dynastic power important liability. The structure of Pakistan’s
is still considered natural, even if the inheritor of government has been part of the problem: The
the mantle turns out to be a young woman. As soon president has the right to dismiss the premier. What
as her father was imprisoned, Zia placed Benazir this has meant is that political or military pressure
under house arrest. He liked arresting her, it turned exerted on the president can and frequently does
out. It became a habit. In 1981, he had her jailed on result in the dismissal of a prime minister.
the invented suspicion that she and a group run by And there is also the matter of Bhutto’s character.
Mir had participated in the hijacking of a Pakistan She is, as she titled her 1989 autobiography, a
International Airlines plane. All told, Zia kept Benazir “daughter of destiny,” the inheritor of her father’s
in jail, under house arrest or in exile for eight years. legacy. Her beloved papa was not only a visionary
Bhutto’s younger
daughter, Aseefa
Zardari, 14,
flounces in from
school, throws
herself onto the
sofa and lolls
there. “They are
threatening to
send me back
Benazir’s younger brother, Shahnawaz Bhutto, to Pakistan if my leader, an avatar of progressive political
was poisoned on the French Riviera in 1985. grades don’t get ideals in South Asia and a hypnotic
Although his murder was never solved, many believe and eloquent orator, but he was also
better,” she says.
148
merchant family in Sindh, Bhutto’s home province. or by her husband or his family. A Swiss court found
“[Benazir] was running for president and she against Zardari and Bhutto in 2003. She is appealing
felt she couldn’t really run as a single woman in that conviction.
a Muslim country, so she quite deliberately had Bhutto remembers well the Times article that
her mother find her a suitable husband,” said one outlined the charges against her and her husband,
observer. “She would have been better off marrying and all the stories that followed. “None of it was
for love.” true,” she tells me later. “These things would come
Soon after his wife became prime minister, Zardari on the television, and I would be so ashamed in
allegedly became involved in schemes to skim front of my family and my staff. The worst thing is
money from the national coffers. In the Pakistani to have your character attacked. If they assassinate
press, he was known as Mr. Ten Percent for the your physical being, you’re just dead. But character
amount he reportedly demanded from contractors assassination is the killing of your personality and
seeking business with the government. Also, your reputation.”
during Bhutto’s second administration, Zardari She feels the decline in her international
was accused of masterminding the death of Benazir’s reputation keenly. “Look,” says Irfan Khawaja, a
brother Mir, who was gunned down by Pakistani doctoral candidate at the University of Notre Dame
police outside the family house at 70 Clifton Road who frequently writes about Pakistani politics,
in Karachi. At the time, Mir had been attempting, “she has never fully vindicated herself. Of course
weakly but insistently, to chip away at his sister’s she’s not guilty for things her husband may have
power base within the Pakistan Peoples Party. None done, but to claim she didn’t know what he was
doing is absurd. There is a cloud over her head
FROM FAR LEFT
Bhutto’s 1987 wherever she goes.”
wedding to As she sits calmly in her suburban living room,
wealthy playboy
talking quietly in front of the Al Arabiya cameras,
Zardari. In Karachi
in 1999, with her it’s hard to remember her earlier, triumphant return
son and older to Pakistan in 1986, just before Zia had her arrested,
daughter wearing
but I happen to have recently looked at a photograph
T-shirts featur-
ing their mother from that day. She is in a motorcade. It’s a bright
and grandfather. sunny day in Lahore. She’s wearing a sari and shawls,
Bhutto support-
a head covering and sunglasses. Almost a million
ers in Lahore,
demonstrating Pakistanis have come out to greet her. Rose petals are
against President flung at her like confetti. She’s waving from the car—
Musharraf’s dis-
her face turned down slightly to avoid the shower of
missal of the chief
justice last May. petals—and she’s smiling broadly.
149
THE EXILE’S RETURN
continued from page 149 “Some of my friends ticket. To get back into the country,
she’s had to make arrangements with
think I’m mad to be
as her mother’s voice continues on in Musharraf, even though, for solid
the other room. Bhutto was late for going back,” Bhutto political reasons, she doesn’t want
her television interview because she’d says. “Even my relatives, to be seen as propping up a military
been called into school to discuss because they don’t dictator.
Aseefa’s grades. “I’m not making deals with the
want to lose me. They’ve
“Now look!” Aseefa complains, military,” she says. “I’m having a
shaking her head. “I can’t even get seen what happened dialogue with them about how we can
up to my bedroom to begin to study to my brothers and get a transition to democracy. Look,
because of her.” The stairway is in my father. They keep the military is one aspect of Pakistan;
the view of the Al Arabiya cameras. the people are another aspect of
telling me, ‘Think
“The school took me aside to say Pakistan. So, yes, I’m talking to the
there must be no distractions at again!’ But it’s my military about how we can move into
home, and now they won’t even let country.” the future with a political system
me upstairs.” Aseefa throws herself that can guarantee the security of
back down across the couch. She the country and bring the people of
finds the whole situation funny and is Pakistan into the country’s decision-
playing it for Narmeen and me. “They I didn’t want to send the wrong making.”
are threatening to send me back to signals. I wrapped myself in all these Still, Bhutto may find herself
Pakistan if my grades don’t get better,” layers of clothing to protect myself. astride a beast she can’t control: For
she tells Narmeen. “Both of them: Now that I’m fat and 50, I’m a mother so long, the Pakistani army has
Mummy and Papa.” figure. I find that aspect of aging done what it feels necessary, often
Does Aseefa want to go back to liberating; there’s no danger of without consulting the civilian
Pakistan? people misunderstanding you.” Of government. Already the deal she
“Are you kidding?” course, she’s not fat, even if she’s struck with Musharraf is showing
She asks me for help writing her no longer a slender wraith. And she’s signs of falling apart. “Here are the
application to Barnard College, still seductive. Of course, she’s also people, struggling against Musharraf,
in New York. She wants to major in not exactly 50. I point this out. She and here she comes, thinking she’ll
English literature. laughs. She’s 54. be able to prevail and take charge of
“For my essay, maybe I should write Narmeen sits with us while we the military,” says Khawaja. “She’s
about today,” she says, gesturing to talk; every once in a while Bhutto being taken for a ride. What is she
the room where the interview is still turns to her for confirmation, or going to do when she’s there and
going on. to have Narmeen remind her of a suddenly the army starts arresting
Later, when the Al Arabiya crew name, or to ask her to deal with people? How will she be able to
has finally gone, Bhutto settles into some small household problem. In intervene?”
a corner of a couch in a back sitting this well-appointed house in a nice I ask Bhutto whether she thinks
room. She crosses her legs. neighborhood, where—with the about what would happen to
She’s very different from the help of trusted staff and childhood her children if harm should come
tall, slender girl I first knew. First of friends—Bhutto leads the life of a to her now.
all, she’s not wearing jeans and a mother and adult daughter (she takes “I block out such thoughts,” she
T-shirt. I point this out. “Well, care of her 78-year-old mother, who says, but her face registers distress.
I am not a teenager any longer, you suffers from Alzheimer’s disease), one “When the time comes that I have
know,” she says, laughing. She is does wonder again why she would to die, I’ll die. There’s a day that
wearing an elegant black shalwar choose to thrust herself back into you’re born and a day when you’re
kamiz—a long tunic over matching the turmoil of political leadership in supposed to die. I could die crossing
loose trousers. She’s got on sensible Pakistan. the street—especially in Pakistan.”
heels. Around the neckline of the “Some of my friends think I’m mad She laughs. Pakistani drivers are
tunic is draped an airy beige chiffon to be going back,” she says. “Even my notoriously unsafe. “So that’s that.”
scarf that she can easily shift to relatives, because they don’t want to As we talk, staffers come in to
cover her head if necessary. Her eye lose me. They’ve seen what happened attend to me and Bhutto. Do we
shadow is blue, and her earrings to my brothers and my father. They want tea? Diet Coke? Here is some
the bright, deep gold one sees espe- keep telling me, ‘Think again!’ But it’s fruit on a platter. Do we want cookies?
cially in the Muslim world, probably my country.” Here comes a tray of tiny elephant-
24 karat. It’s not easy, though, for a person ear pastries and pink candies. One
“I find 50 liberating,” she says. “I of Bhutto’s stature to go back to of her assistants brings me a copy of
was always so careful being young. Pakistan. She can’t just buy a plane Bhutto’s autobiography. w