Computations of Seismic Loads in Girders for 47.

24 meter span (Bending):

Basic Facts:

span 63 meters

EUDL 9.33 Bending

Ah 0.18 Coefficients

Av 0.09

M 286 tons self weight

Ml 587.79 tons live load

286
Mx Mass to be no live load
873.79 considered
My in different full live load
579.895 directions
Mz half live load
Width of girders 5.5 meters

From the above table, the seismic forces in the different directions are computed:

Fx 51.48 tons Mx*Ah

Fy 52.19 tons My*Av

Fz 104.38 tons Mz*Ah

These are converted into the component seismic forces acting on the top chord, bottom chord and on
the train:

EQX EQY EQZ

bottom 17.16 bottom 8.58 bottom 34.32

top 8.58 top 4.29 top 17.16

train 13.23 train 52.90

These forces have to be independently considered and satisfied. As can be verified from the above table,
the EQX forces are negligible and can be neglected in the further computation, as it is only forces in Y
and Z which would be significant.

For EQY, the total force is converted into a EUDL on the girder. This is equal to for this span

this works out to a EUDL of 0.004142 Tons/cm. From the influence line areas computed, this is
converted into equivalent loads in each member.

area of Member Force in

influence member
line
2412 L0-L1 9.99

2412 L1-L2 9.99

5168 L2-L3 21.41

5168 L3-L4 21.41

-4134 U1-U2 -17.12

-4134 U2-U3 -17.12

-5513 U3-U4 -22.84

-3662 L0-U1 -15.17

2616 U1-L2 10.84

-1570 L2-U3 -6.50

523 U3-L4 2.17

788 U1-L1 3.26

0 U2-L2 0.00
For EQZ, a similar computation as is done in the wind forces is taken up:

Step 1: Load directly on the bottom chord (Horizontal bending):

Load on bottom
87.2211 chord and load
total seismic force on bottom on train
8
number of panels
10.90264
load on internal node
5.451319
load on end node
43.61055
End Reaction
38.15923
Nett Reaction

27.31854
Force in 1st panel L0-L1
74.15032
Force in 2nd panel L1-L2
105.3715
Force in 3rd panel L2-L3
120.9821
Force in 4th panel L3-L4

Step 2: Load on bottom chord due to vertical bending:

The forces on the bottom chord exert a moment at the bearing. This moment is then converted into an
equivalent EUDL on the entire span:

force lever moment

moment due to bottom 34.32 0.82 28.14
chord forces
moment due to forces on 52.90 4.01 212.27
moving load
Total 87.22 24040.81

additional UDL 0.006938 tons/cm

The bottom chord forces are assumed to be acting on the centre of the bottom chord member, and the
moving load forces are assumed to be acting at the centre of the moving load defined.

Step 3: Load on the bottom chord as half of the load transferred from the top (Horizontal bending):

Load on bottom
chord and load
total seismic force on bottom 8.58 on train
6
number of panels
1.43
load on internal node
0
load on end node
4.29
End Reaction
4.29
Nett Reaction

3.071
Force in 1st panel L0-L1
8.702
Force in 2nd panel L1-L2
12.797
Force in 3rd panel L2-L3
14.844
Force in 4th panel L3-L4

Step 4: Load on bottom chord due to Horizontal bending as force transferred from top:

The forces on the bottom chord exert a moment at the bearing. This moment is then converted into an
equivalent EUDL on the entire span:

force lever moment

moment due to top chord 8.58 9.31 79.8798 tons/cm
forces
additional UDL 0.002305

The top chord forces are assumed to be acting on the centre of the top chord member.
Step 5: Horizontal Bending of the Top Chord

total seismic force on top 17.16 tons

number of panels 6

load on internal node 2.86

load on end node 1.43

End Reaction 8.58

Nett Reaction 7.15

Force in 1st panel 5.119 U1-U2

Force in 2nd panel 13.309 U2-U3

Force in 3rd panel 17.404 U3-U4

Step 6: Portal Effects

In addition the seismic forces are transferred through the portal effects. The total forces acting on the
portal are half the total seismic force on the top chord and an additional force which is 1.25% of the
force transferred through U1-U2 without consideration of wind/seismic effects.

8.58
total force through portal tons
8.4495
Additional force on portal tons

This overturning moment (considered at half the clear length of the end raker) is balanced by the forces
acting in the end raker. The distance of action of this force is 822.9 cms (the length of end raker is
1195.9 cms and the depth of the inclined portal is considered as 450 cms). The force worked out
through this is

12.84 Tons (due to portal) + 12.64 Tons (due to 1.25% of top chord forces) = 25.48 Tons
This force also is transferred to the bottom chord as half of the seismic force being transferred as

4.23 Tons (component of Portal force transferred)

The total compiled force transfer system is given therefore as:

area of Member step 1 step 2 step 3 step 4 step 5 step 6 Totals

influence
line
2412 L0-L1 27.32 26.73 3.07 5.56 4.23 66.90

2412 L1-L2 74.15 26.73 8.70 5.56 4.23 119.37

5168 L2-L3 105.37 57.26 12.80 11.91 4.23 191.57

5168 L3-L4 120.98 57.26 14.84 11.91 4.23 209.23

-4134 U1-U2 -45.81 -9.53 5.12 52.78

-4134 U2-U3 -45.81 -9.53 13.31 48.68

-5513 U3-U4 -61.09 -12.71 17.40 65.09

-3662 L0-U1 -40.58 -8.44 12.84 53.41

2616 U1-L2 28.99 6.03 35.02

-1570 L2-U3 -17.40 -3.62 21.02

523 U3-L4 5.79 1.21 7.00

788 U1-L1 8.73 1.82 10.55

0 U2-L2 0.00 1.63 1.63

Computations of Seismic Loads in Girders for 47.24 meter span (Shear):

Basic Facts:

span 63 meters

EUDL 10.04914 bending

Ah 0.18 Coefficients

Av 0.09

M 286 tons self weight

Ml 633.096 tons live load

286
Mx Mass to be no live load
919.096 considered
My in different full live load
602.548 directions
Mz half live load
Width of girders 5.5 meters

From the above table, the seismic forces in the different directions are computed:

Fx 51.48 tons Mx*Ah

Fy 54.23 tons My*Av

Fz 108.46 tons Mz*Ah

These are converted into the component seismic forces acting on the top chord, bottom chord and on
the train:

EQX EQY EQZ

bottom 17.16 bottom 8.58 bottom 34.32

top 8.58 top 4.29 top 17.16

train 14.24 train 56.98

These forces have to be independently considered and satisfied. As can be verified from the above table,
the EQX forces are negligible and can be neglected in the further computation, as it is only forces in Y
and Z which would be significant.

For EQY, the total force is converted into a EUDL on the girder. This is equal to for this span

this works out to a EUDL of 0.004304 Tons/cm. From the influence line areas computed, this is
converted into equivalent loads in each member.

area of Member Force in

influence member
line
2412 L0-L1 10.38

2412 L1-L2 10.38

5168 L2-L3 22.24

5168 L3-L4 22.24

-4134 U1-U2 -17.79

-4134 U2-U3 -17.79

-5513 U3-U4 -23.73

-3662 L0-U1 -15.76

2616 U1-L2 11.26

-1570 L2-U3 -6.76

523 U3-L4 2.25

788 U1-L1 3.39

0 U2-L2 0.00
For EQZ, a similar computation as is done in the wind forces is taken up:

Step 1: Load directly on the bottom chord (Horizontal bending):

Load on bottom
91.29864 chord and load
total seismic force on bottom on train
8
number of panels
11.41233
load on internal node
5.706165
load on end node
45.64932
End Reaction
39.94316
Nett Reaction

28.59567
Force in 1st panel L0-L1
77.61681
Force in 2nd panel L1-L2
110.2976
Force in 3rd panel L2-L3
126.638
Force in 4th panel L3-L4

Step 2: Load on bottom chord due to vertical bending:

The forces on the bottom chord exert a moment at the bearing. This moment is then converted into an
equivalent EUDL on the entire span:

force lever moment

moment due to bottom 34.32 0.82 28.14
chord forces
moment due to forces on 56.98 4.01 228.63
moving load
Total 91.30 25676.92

additional UDL 0.00741 tons/cm

The bottom chord forces are assumed to be acting on the centre of the bottom chord member, and the
moving load forces are assumed to be acting at the centre of the moving load defined.

Step 3: Load on the bottom chord as half of the load transferred from the top (Horizontal bending):

Load on bottom
chord and load
total seismic force on bottom 8.58 on train
6
number of panels
1.43
load on internal node
0
load on end node
4.29
End Reaction
4.29
Nett Reaction

3.071
Force in 1st panel L0-L1
8.702
Force in 2nd panel L1-L2
12.797
Force in 3rd panel L2-L3
14.844
Force in 4th panel L3-L4

Step 4: Load on bottom chord due to Horizontal bending as force transferred from top:

The forces on the bottom chord exert a moment at the bearing. This moment is then converted into an
equivalent EUDL on the entire span:

force lever moment

moment due to top chord 8.58 9.31 79.8798 tons/cm
forces
additional UDL 0.002305

The top chord forces are assumed to be acting on the centre of the top chord member.
Step 5: Horizontal Bending of the Top Chord

total seismic force on top 17.16 tons

number of panels 6

load on internal node 2.86

load on end node 1.43

End Reaction 8.58

Nett Reaction 7.15

Force in 1st panel 5.119 U1-U2

Force in 2nd panel 13.309 U2-U3

Force in 3rd panel 17.404 U3-U4

Step 6: Portal Effects

In addition the seismic forces are transferred through the portal effects. The total forces acting on the
portal are half the total seismic force on the top chord and an additional force which is 1.25% of the
force transferred through U1-U2 without consideration of wind/seismic effects.

8.58
total force through portal tons
8.4495
Additional force on portal tons

This overturning moment (considered at half the clear length of the end raker) is balanced by the forces
acting in the end raker. The distance of action of this force is 822.9 cms (the length of end raker is
1195.9 cms and the depth of the inclined portal is considered as 450 cms). The force worked out
through this is

12.84 Tons (due to portal) + 12.64 Tons (due to 1.25% of top chord forces) = 25.48 Tons

This force also is transferred to the bottom chord as half of the seismic force being transferred as

4.23 Tons (component of Portal force transferred)

The total compiled force transfer system is given therefore as:

area of Member step 1 step 2 step 3 step 4 step 5 step 6 Totals

influence
line
2412 L0-L1 28.60 28.25 3.07 5.56 4.23 69.71

2412 L1-L2 77.62 28.25 8.70 5.56 4.23 124.36

5168 L2-L3 110.30 60.54 12.80 11.91 4.23 199.77

5168 L3-L4 126.64 60.54 14.84 11.91 4.23 218.16

-4134 U1-U2 -48.43 -9.53 5.12 55.40

-4134 U2-U3 -48.43 -9.53 13.31 51.30

-5513 U3-U4 -64.58 -12.71 17.40 68.59

-3662 L0-U1 -42.90 -8.44 12.84 55.74

2616 U1-L2 30.64 6.03 36.68

-1570 L2-U3 -18.39 -3.62 22.01

523 U3-L4 6.13 1.21 7.33

788 U1-L1 9.23 1.82 11.05

0 U2-L2 0.00 1.63 1.63

Summary of Forces:

Taking EUDL for Shears for Web Members and EUDL for Bending for Chord Members, the above results
are re-categorized as below:

area of Member step 1 step 2 step 3 step 4 step 5 step 6 Totals

influence
line
1607 L0-L1 27.32 26.73 3.07 5.56 4.23 66.90

1607 L1-L2 74.15 26.73 8.70 5.56 4.23 119.37

3449 L2-L3 105.37 57.26 12.80 11.91 4.23 191.57

3449 L3-L4 120.98 57.26 14.84 11.91 4.23 209.23

-2764 U1-U2 -45.81 -9.53 5.12 52.78

-2764 U2-U3 -45.81 -9.53 13.31 48.68

-3685 U3-U4 -61.09 -12.71 17.40 65.09

-2617 L0-U1 -42.90 -8.44 12.84 55.74

1924 U1-L2 30.64 6.03 36.68

-1336 L2-U3 -18.39 -3.62 22.01

854 U3-L4 6.13 1.21 7.33

591 U1-L1 9.23 1.82 11.05

0 U2-L2 1.63 1.63