Write the meaning of the following terms:

A branch of philosophy that study morality, right

or wrong behavior.

Ethics

Non-normative
Normative ethics
Ethics

Deontological Ethics
Consequentialist Virtue Ethics Meta-Ethics Descriptive Ethics
n,l'

Virtue Ethicists Anti-moralism Moral Realism

Utilitarianism (Socrates, Plato, (there no moral (there are moral
Aristotle) facts) facts)

Hedonism Moral Subjectivism Moral absolutism

Egoism Moral Relativism

1. Normative Ethics – It is a part of moral philosophy, or ethics, concerned with criteria of what is morally
right or wrong. It includes the formulation of moral rules that have that have direct implications for what
human actions, institutions, and ways of life should be like.

A. Deontological Ethics – It is an ethical theory that place special emphasis on the relationship
between duty and the morality of human actions.

B. Consequentialist – the one who follows the view that morality is all about producing the right
kinds of overall consequences.

a. Utilitarianism – It is a moral theory. Its core idea is that whether actions are morally right
or wrong depends on their effects. More specifically, the only effects of actions that are
relevant are the good and bad results that they produce.
b. Hedonism – It refers to several related theories about what is good for us, how we should
behave, and what motivates us to behave in the way that we do. Hedonistic theories
 identify pleasure and pain as the only important elements of whatever phenomena they
are designed to describe.
c. Egoism – It is the theory that one’s self is, or should be, the motivation and the goal of
one’s own action.

C. Virtue Ethics – Virtue ethics are normative ethical theories, which emphasize virtues of mind
and character.

a. Socrates
b. Plato -
c. Aristotle - “To better understand the nature of happiness we must investigate the
nature of virtue, since happiness is “the active exercise of the mind in conformity with
perfect goodness of virtue.” For Aristotle, Virtue is a habit which can be learned and
gained through practice. Aristotle believes that people can be virtuous , which can have
important implications for moral education. Aristotle notes that human virtue does not
mean bodily excellence, but the excellence of the soul.

2. Non-Normative Ethics – The systematic evaluation of moral theory and language.

A. Metaethics – It is a branch of analytic philosophy that explores the status, foundations, and scope
of moral values, properties, and words. It focuses on what is morality itself is.
a. Anti-Moralism – It is a reaction against the belief that selfishness is the primary source of
suffering.
i. Moral Subjectivism – It is the view that moral truths exist, but they are
determined on an individual level. It is occasionally termed Individual Ethical
Subjectivism.
b. Moral Realism – It is a metaethical view that there exist such things s moral facts and
moral values, and that these are objective and independent of our perception of them or
our beliefs, feelings or other attitudes towards them. Therefore, moral judgements
describe moral facts, which are as certain in their own way as mathematical facts.
ii. Moral Absolutism – It is an ethical belief that there are absolute standards against
which moral questions can be judged, and that certain actions are right or wrong,
regardless of the context of the act. Thus, actions are inherently moral or
immoral, regardless of the beliefs and goals of the individual, society or culture
 that engages in the actions. It holds that morals are inherent in the laws of the
universe, the nature of humanity, the will of God or some other fundamental
source.
iii. Moral Relativism - It is the view that moral judgements are true or false only
relative to some particular standpoint and that no standpoint is uniquely
privileged over all others.
B. Descriptive Ethics - It is the division of philosophical or general ethics that involves the
observation of the moral decision making process with the goal of describing the phenomenon.

Venn

Socrates
“The unexamined life is not worth
living.”
Know thyself
socratic method
found guilty of rejecting the gods
acknowledge by the state and of
bringing in strange deities; he is also
guilty of corrupting the youth by the
state.

Aristotle
- The principle of Golden Mean
Plato - Eudaimonia is the final end of
harmony of the soul life
(reason, spirit, and appetite) -persuade us to think about
moral exemplars
asceticism
-Courage is not really a feature
dualism: the world of of the act on its own but of the
becoming and the intelligble person doing it.
world -Two kinds of knowledge:
theoretical and practical
knowledge

Diagram: Synthesis position

Write the position of virtue ethicists, consequentialists, and deontologists, per topic, inside the box.

Cases How will it shape the Virtue Ethics Deontology Consequentialist

future (write the
advantages and
disadvantages)
1. Designer Advantage: When For virtue ethics, For the deontologist For consequentialist
Baby talking the advantages designer baby is not ok perspective, designing producing a designer
of the designer baby it because it does not a baby is a problem. baby would not
will surely blow your promote a virtuous Because the duty of result into grater
mind. From head to action. Editing ones producing a designed good. Because
toes the advantages is DNA would never be baby does not conform creating a designed
uncontainable. But virtuous because you a morally taken action. baby will not
one thing that it has to are like killing the produce overall right
offer is the possibility original genes that a consequences.
of duplications. child can get from his or
Because DNA can be he parents.
edited people who has
illness would become
lesser. It can also
create humans who
are far cable of using
their intellectual
capability. So
designing baby would
give people much ease
in their life.
 Disadvantage: The
disadvantage of a
designer baby is that it
would limit people
natural capability of
becoming themselves.
Thus a society would
be more usual. No one
will have their own
uniqueness.

2. Payless’s Advantage: It will give For virtue ethics, The Payless’s social The payless social
Social people more choices. payless social experiment has its duty experiment I think
experim Instead of buying experiment is good when it comes to does not result into
ent high-end products, because it produces a providing people the overall right
people will now have virtuous action. Giving chance to choice for a consequences.
a choice to go for a the people a choice for better prices of Because of what they
cheaper price but still a better product is product. In addition, do, the original
the quality is not too simply a virtuous act what they did to the makers of what they
far with the original. because you are giving payless experiment is mimic can reduce its
them the freedom of considered moral customer. That is
Disadvantage: making great choices in because they make why consequentialist
Because payless store an affordable price. people realize about idea does not apply
offers duplicated high the products prices in Payless Social
products it would give emphasis to its quality. Experiment.
problems when it So I think the payless
comes to the earnings social experiment
of the well- happened is approved
established brands. It by the idea of
will become unfair for deontology because
those who really there is a good
established those relationship between
duplicated brands. the company’s duty
and morality.
3. Googlep Advantage: Google providing their Deontology does not Googleplex does not
lex It would give the employees a well- apply well with what fit well with the core
people the chance to groomed working area google wants to do idea of
experience the work is virtuous it is. Making with their employee’s consequentialist,
place that is your people feel inside the Googleplex. because it does not
dreaming. Googplex comfortable with their When we talk about promote overall right
serves as their work place is the duty, it is without a consequences.
employee’s new something everyone doubt that they have Because behind
world where they wants. So when it given this to their google creating an
have isolated their comes to making people. However, ideal work place, it
self in order to have a yourself comfortable when we talk about limits its people to
good life within the just work to google and morality this may me freedom of choice
 surroundings of the you will get it. the turning point. because their
area. Googleplex indeed Because of creating a blocking out the idea
intertwined with virtue perfect workplace, of the real realm of a
Disadvantage: ethics. Because it employees can have true workplace.
Because Google follows its concept. misconception with the
provided everything real versus ideal world.
that their Employee
needs it would have
to reflect that their
could be a chance of
misconception
towards their
employees about the
real world outside
their work place. If
you were to imagine
who does not want to
have a better living
backed up by better
job.
4. China’s Advantage: The For virtue ethics the The duty of protecting For cconsequentialist
Perpetu advantage of China’s China’s Perpetual of people is present Perpetual
al Perpetual Surveillance Surveillance does not with the Perpetual surveillance is right
Surveilla is the every one’s result in any virtuous Surveillance but the act because it the fisrt
nce welfare. Because the act. Because your of morality does not place it would
place is full of CCTv limiting the freedom of apply. That is why for produce an overall
cameras it would be people. It would be deontology Shina’s right consequences.
easy to detect who or virtuous in a sense if Perpetual Surveillance Imagine it would be
what are the they give guidance but is somewhat unethical. easy to identify for
problems that they not overwhelmming them the good one
are facing. the rights of your from the bad one.
people.
Disadvantage: The
disadvantage on the
other half of the
argument is that
every person in China
would have a lesser
private life for their
self. Because it will
look like a PBB house.
Every step of the way
there is camera that
will surveillance you.
5. Data Advantage: Data For virtuous Ethic data Deontologist believe For consequentialist
Mining mining is mining is somewhat about the relationship data mining is good it
advantageous in the virtuous because it is of duty and morality provides an overall
field of professional act which display that is why data mining right consequences
work. Because of the virtuous examples. Like for deontologist is a for the goals of data
process of data for example gathering good thing. Data mining. As been said
mining it would be data is not easy and mining’s duty is to a while ago, data
easy for the patience here is really a provide the process of mining help
employees to perform virtue. People who are extracting data for a industries to gain
their job. Moreover, doing this has a goal for better cause and these more data of
to the bosses, they a better result that is combines to its moral information for the
will have an why data mining is self principle of helping betterment of its
advantage if they use is virtuous act. industries find new customer. The
it in a good way to ideas and aspirations morality that lies
rebut their opponent when it comes to the with data mining is
company. betterment of their being fulfilled by the
customer satisfaction. duty its making and
Disadvantage: The offering for people.
disadvantage that I
see from data mining
is the too much
information. Yes your
d\searching for future
trends for business
but abundance of
information may lead
to inability to
distinguish which of
those information
would benefit the
company.