LABORATORY e) EXPERIMENT PROPER

EXPERIMENT C: EFFECTS OF HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS ON

SPONTANEOUS MOTOR ACTIVITY/ SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY  Using a Tuberculin Syringe measure the correct dose in ml
EXPERIMENT E: EFFECTS OF HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS ON and inject by intraperitoneal route.
BLOOD SUGAR  Time the injection. Wait for 30 min. for the drug to take effect
 Return the 5 albino mice to the jiggle cage
OUTLINE  Attach cage by rubber band on two iron stands & start timing
for observations.
 Observe accurately every 15 min. for the whole 1 hr.
 Record the observations in your record book and also on the
I. EXPERIMENT C:
blackboard for the class to see.
EFFECTS OF HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS ON
 Make tabulations of your results for statistical comparison
SPONTANEOUS MOTOR ACTIVITY
a. Methods
f) OBSERVATIONS/ PARAMETERS
b. Results
c. Discussion  Frequency
II. EXPERIMENT E:  Number of movements or jiggle/ minute every 5 minutes
EFFECTS OF HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS ON  Actual count/ min (ave.)
BLOOD SUGAR  Amplitude
a. Methods  Force / jiggliness of the jiggle cage
b. Results  Mild (+)
c. Discussion  Moderate (++)
III. REFERENCES  Strong (+++)
IV. APPENDIX  Use Bar or line graph
 Trend – increasing/ decreasing
 Delayed/ short-acting
LEGEND
B. RESULTS
 PLM LabCon Notes
 Other resources See Appendix

C. DISCUSSION
I. EXPERIMENT C:EFFECTS OF HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS a) AMINOPHYLLINE
ON SPONTANEOUS MOTOR ACTIVITY  Analeptic: stimulates both Respiratory System and CNS (motor
A. MATERIALS & METHODS function)
a) The class (per section) is divided into 5 groups that will  A theophylline-ethylenediamine complex
perform the following procedures:  MECHANISMS OF ACTION:
 Inhibition of PDE  cAMP stimulation of cardiac function,
relaxation of smooth muscle, and reduction in the immune and
 Group I – Aminophylline Treatment
inflammatory activity of specific cells
 Group II – Chlorpromazine Treatment
 Group III – Pancit-pancitan Treatment  Inhibition of PDE4  release of cytokine and
 Group IV – Mayana Treatment chemokinesimmune cell migration and activation
 Group V – Makahiya Treatment
 Inhibition of adenosine(-) contraction of airway smooth
b) STANDARD DRUGS muscle and histamine release from airway mast cell
 PHARMACODYNAMICS:
DRUG STOCK REQUIRED NOTE  CNS: alertness and deferral of fatigue
DOSE DOSE  CVS: (+) chronotropic and inotropic effects
 GI: stimulates secretion of both gastric acid and digestive
Aminophylline 25 mg/ ml. 0.2 mg/gm.
enzymes
 Kidney: weak diuretics
Chlorpromazine 25 mg/ ml 0.2 mg/gm.
 Smooth muscle: bronchodilation
 Skeletal muscle: strengthen contractions
 Do the computation of dose based on wt. Of the mice. Dose in mg  CLINICAL USE:
and dose in ml.  As bronchodilator along with Theophylline, Diphyllin –
relieves airflow obstruction in acute asthma
c) HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS
b) CHLORPROMAZINE (CLOZAPINE)
DRUG STOCK REQUIRED NOTE  very profound sedative effect
DOSE DOSE  CNS depressant
Pancit-pancitan 30 % or 5 mg /gm.  jiggle cage will not move because all the mice are depressed
30 gm. / 100  Anti-jiggle (-_-)
ml. = 300  An aliphatic phenothiazine
mg./ 1 ml.  PHARMACODYNAMICS:
Mayana 30 % or 5 mg /gm.  Antipsychotic action – due to blockade of dopamine in the
30 gm. / 100 mesolimbic and mesocortical systems (for schizophrenia)
ml. = 300  ANS – blockade of muscarinic cholinoceptor causing
mg./ 1 ml. loss of accommodation, dry mouth, constipation, and
Makahiya 30 % or 5 mg /gm. blockade of alpha adrenoceptor causing orthostatic
30 gm. / 100 hypotension, impotence
ml. = 300  CNS – muscarinic blockade causing toxic-confusional state
mg./ 1 ml.  Endocrine – dopamine receptor blockade causing
 Prepare herbal plants by means of decoction (up to boiling) amenorrhea, galactorrhea and infertility

d) ANIMALS c) PANCIT-PANCITAN
 5 Albino Mice  DOH-approved antigout
 Place on the jiggle cage.  antihyperuricemia
 Observe and acclimatize for 30 min.  Piperomia pellucida
  Pharmacodynamics: II. EXPERIMENT E: EFFECTS OF HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS
 Considered anti-inflammatory, refrigerant, analgesic, ON BLOOD SUGAR
antifungal, anticancer A. MATERIALS & METHODS
 CNS depressant a) The class (per section) is divided into 5 groups that will
 Folkloric uses: perform the following procedures:
 Infusion and decoction of leaves and stems are used for
gout and arthritis. 25 Group I – Pipino Peel
 Pounded whole plant used as warm poultice for boils, 26 Group II – Camote Tops
pustules and pimples.
27 Group III – Kangkong Leaves
 Isolated chemicals:
28 Group IV – 10% Glucose
 Styrene - Slows sensory nerve and nervous conduction
29 Group V – Reg. Insulin SL
velocity as well as CNS depression
 β -Sitosterol and campesterol - reduce cholesterol
b) STANDARD DRUGS
biosynthesis
 Stigmasterol - inhibits sterol Delta-22-reductase and
cholesterol absorption DRUG STOCK REQUIRED NOTE
 Since CNS synaptogenesis is promoted by cholesterol this DOSE DOSE
might be responsible for the depressant action of this plant Reg. insulin 100 IU/mL 10 units
= 0.1 ml
d) MAYANA 10% Glucose 0.1 ml
 Delayed stimulant
 Coleus blumei  Do the computation of dose based on wt. Of the mice. Dose in mg
& dose in ml. For insulin and glucose, no need for computation.
 always blooming The doses are given.
 purple variety
 contains glycosides – forskolin c) HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS
PAADD DITO 
SAMPLE STOCK REQUIRED NOTE
e) MAKAHIYA DOSE DOSE
 Mimosa pudica Kangkong 50% 5 mg /gm.
 Constituents:
 Seed contains a toxic alkaloid, mimosine, a non- Camote tops 50% 5 mg /gm.
protein alpha-amino acid, known to cause hair loss Pipino Peel 50%. 5 mg /gm.
and depressed growth in mammals  Prepare herbal plants by means of infusion (below the boiling
 Roots yield flavonoids, phytosterol, alkaloids, amino point) using earthenware pots and spoon. Do not use metal
acids, tannins, glycoside, fatty acids. apparatus during preparation!
 Leaf extract have yielded an adrenaline-like
substance. d) ANIMALS
Seeds contain a mucilage composed of d-xylose  2 ALBINO MICE
and d-glucoronic acid, yielding 17% greenish yellow
 Properly prepared, starved and acclimatized.
fatty oil.
 Uses:
e) EXPERIMENT PROPER
 Analgesic
 Antispasmodic  Get baseline reading of the blood glucose (1st sample),
 Leaves are used for diabetes before administering the drugs or herbals.
 Mild sedative property- reduces anxiety  Blood sugar determination is by means of glucometer
(anxiolytic) and exert calming effect. method using glucose strips. Get 5 strips per grp.
 Delayed long-acting CNS depressant  Using a Tuberculin Syringe measure the correct dose in ml
and inject by intraperitoneal route.
f) ADDITIONAL NOTES  Then, do the same sampling (4 x) every 15 minutes for 1
hour duration continuously. Time your procedure accurately.
 BRODMANN’S AREA (3, 1, 2)  Observe for symptoms of hypoglycemia / hyperlgycemia in
 Sensory-Somasthetic
your subjects (mice).
 PRECENTRAL GYRUS – BROADMANN’S AREA 4  The observed correct results must be the average of the 2
 Center for motor movement mice.
 Tabulate your result and place them on the board after
checking by your supervisor.
 Transfer the correct results into your laboratory manual in
tabulated form.

f) OBSERVATIONS/ PARAMETERS
To follow
D. RESULTS

See Appendix

E. DISCUSSION
a) INSULIN
 Normal Insulin Levels
o 60 mg/dl – Mice
o 80-120 mg/dl – man
 ANTIDIABETIC
o Short-acting (immediate effect)
o Sustain Prolonged effect
 Standard drug for Type I DM (insulin dependent; genetic
autoimmune)
 Hypoglycemic agent
  short-acting drug that decreases the blood glucose level d) CAMOTE TOPS
on the body  Ipomoea batatas
 Storage and anabolic hormone of the body  rich in simple starch, complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber,
 Promotes storage of fat as well as glucose (both sources of vitamins A, C and B6, iron, calcium and phosphorus.
energy) within specialized target cells and influences cell  high content of polyphenolics - anthocyanins and phenolic
growth and the metabolic functions of a wide variety of acids, with at least 15 biologically active anthocyanins with
tissues medicinal value.
 Promotes synthesis (from circulating nutrients) and storage  also has polyphenols which have physiologic funtions,
of glycogen, triglycerides, and protein in its major target radical scavenging activity, antimutagenic, anticancer,
tissues: liver, fat and muscle antidiabetes and antibacterial activity in vitro and vivo. It is
 Regular Insulin considered hemostatic, spleen invigorating.
o a short acting soluble crystalline zinc insulin made by  It has been suggested that it can control blood glucose
recombinant DNA techniques to produce a molecule levels.
identical to human insulin  Phytic acid
o effects appear within 30 minutes and peaks between 2 o increases the acitivity of glucose-6-phosphate
and 3 hours and generally lasts 5-8 hours dehydrogenase thus lowering the blood glucose
 ADR: levels.
o Insulin resistance  Diacylated anthocyanin
o Lipodystrophy o on the other hand, is a glycoside of the
o Formation of antigenic substances antioxidant, cyanidine
o can inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity, can reduce
b) GLUCOSE (10% Dextrose in Water) blood glucose levels after starch-rich meals and
 It is a monosaccharide, and is the most important significantly inhibits maltase activity
carbohydrate in biology as a source of energy and metabolic  Flavones
intermediate o a class of flavonoids, present in the plant can
 Important metabolic intermediate of energy. control blood sugar and modulate the metabolism
 It is the treatment for hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar level, of glucose and blood lipid,
by providing the glucose needed in the blood. o decrease outputs of lipid peroxidation and
 Hyperglycemic agent used for scavenge the free radicals.
 give 0.1 mL to mice via IP route using tb syringe  Hypoglycemic agent
 EXTRA NOTES: o Immediate effect
 5% isotonic of glucose (D5W) o Short-acting (15 mins)
 2.5% hypotonic glucose dextrose
o Short-lived
c) KANGKONG
e) CUCUMBER
 Ipomoea aquatica
 purplish variety contains insulin-like substance  Cucumis sativa/ Cucumis Sativus
 Fast-growing annual or perennial vine from family  It is an excellent source of potassium, vitamin C and folic
Convulvulaceae acid.
 Considered as a purgative, anti-helmintic, anti-diabetic  Skin is rich in fiber and contains a variety of beneficial
medicinal plant minerals including silica, potassium and magnesium.
 high in carotenoids including lutein, also rich in iron  Contains luteolin which is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
 high level of S-Methyl Methionine  Hypoglycemic agent
o Treatment of gastric and intestinal problems o Delayed
o so-called Vitamin U – this is pseudovitamin o short-lived effect
o substance that strengthens the cell membrane and overall
immune system and was also reported that it can act as a f) ADDITIONAL NOTES
hypolipidemic agent  normal blood sugar of mice: 60-100
 Short-acting Hypoglycemic agent  normal blood sugar of humans: 80-120
 1 drop of blood (1mL)
 Leaves have carbohydrate components that, due to negative
 cut the tail 5 times
feedback, stimulates the release of insulin in beta cells  squeeze and apply pressure on tail
 Rich in fiber, that decreases fasting blood glucose levels and  D5050
plasma LDL concentration in noninsulin-dependent diabetes  50 mL of 50% dextrose
mellitus patients.  emergency use in ambulance
 Other Uses:  GLUCAGON (IV)
o Tops- laxative  Emergency tx in ER
 Ampalaya leaves (Momordica charantia) acts like insulin
o Juice- emetic
o Latex (dried)- purgative
o Buds- anti-helmintic
o Treatment of Gastric in intestinal problems
o Antioxidant / Antiproliferative
o Diuretic
o Antioxidant
 This insulin-like activity of kangkong infusion increases the
uptake of glucose in the muscles and in the liver, decreases the
formation of glucose from fats and proteins and promotes
glucagon suppression which inhibits the rise in the blood
glucose level.