Tier 1 Highly qualified regular classroom teacher: + Incorporates high-quality, engaging, and rigorous curriculum, + Expects that all students will be challenged + Builds in CCSSO Standards for Mathematical Practice and NCTM process standards + Commits to teaching the curriculum as defined + Uses multiple representations such as manipulatives, visual models, and symbols + Monitors progress to identify struggling students and students who excel at high levels for possible interventions + Uses flexible student grouping + Fosters active student involvement Communicates high expectations Tier 2 Highly qualified regular classroom teacher, with collaboration from other highly qualified educators (i.e., special education teacher): * Works with students (often in small groups) in engaging, high-quality and rigorous supplemental sessions outside of the core instruction + Conducts individual diagnostic interviews to target a student's strengths and weaknesses to facus next instructional steps + Slices back (Fuchs & Fuchs, 2001) to material from a previous grade to ramp back up to grade-level curriculum + Collaborates with special education, gifted. and/or ELL specialists + Creates lessons that emphasize the big ideas (focal points) or themes * Incorporates CSA (concrete, semi-concrete, abstract) approach * Shares thinking in a think-aloud to demonstrate how to make problem-solving decisions + Incorporates explicit systematic strategy instruction (summarizes key points and reviews key vocabulary or concepts prior to the lesson) + Models specific behaviors and strategies, such as how to handle measuring materials ‘or geoboards = Uses mnemonics or steps written on cards or posters to help students follow, for example, the stages of problem solving + Uses peer-assisted learning, where another student can provide help to a student in need * Supplies families with additional instructional support materials to use at home * Encourages students use of self-regulation and self-instructional strategies such as revising notes, writing summaries, and identifying main ideas + Teaches test-taking strategies and allows the students to use a highlighter on the test to emphasize important information ier 3 Highly qualified special education teacher: * Works one-on-one with students + Uses tailored instruction based on specific areas of strengths and weaknesses * Modifies instructional methods, motivates students, and adapts curricula + Uses explicit contextualization of skills-based instruction