Para la Viga de la Figura dimensionar la sección rectangular de H°A°

1.5 tn f’c = 210 kg/cm2

3.2 tn/m
2 tn/m
fs = 1400 kg/cm2
2 3
1
h = 10
2.5 2.5 3.0

Resolución de la viga hiperestática (Método de Yassinsky)

Constantes Mecánicas
𝑰𝒅
𝒌𝒅 𝑳𝒅 𝟏
𝑪= 𝒌𝒊
= 𝑰𝒊 𝒅𝒏 = 𝒆𝒏 (𝟐 − 𝒅 )+𝟐
𝒏−𝟏
𝑳𝒊

𝟓
𝑪𝟐 = = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝒅𝟐 = 𝟐𝑪𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝟒
𝟑

Terminos de Carga

𝒒𝒍𝟐 𝟑𝒑𝒍 𝟐(𝟓)𝟐 𝟑(𝟏.𝟓)(𝟓)

Tramo 1-2 𝑵𝑨 = + = + = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟑𝟏 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎 = 𝑵𝑩
𝟒 𝟖 𝟒 𝟖

𝒒𝒍𝟐 𝟑.𝟐(𝟑)𝟐
Tramo 2-3 𝑵𝑨 = = = 𝟕. 𝟐 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎 = 𝑵𝑩
𝟒 𝟒

Momentos en los Apoyos Momentos Vigas

𝒒𝒍𝟐 𝟑.𝟐(𝟑)𝟐
𝑴𝒗𝒊𝒈 = 𝟖
= 𝟖
= 𝟑. 𝟔 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎

𝒒𝒍𝟐 𝒑𝒍 𝟐(𝟓)𝟐 𝟏.𝟓(𝟓)

5.334 𝑴𝒗𝒊𝒈 = + = + = 𝟖. 𝟏𝟑𝒕𝒏. 𝒎
𝟖 𝟒 𝟖 𝟒
1.667

𝒒𝒍𝟐 𝟐(𝟐.𝟓)𝟐
𝑴𝒗𝒊𝒈 = = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎
𝟖 𝟖
25.52 7.20
𝟑𝟐.𝟕𝟐
𝟓.𝟑𝟑𝟒
= 𝟔. 𝟏𝟑 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎

Diagrama de Momentos:
-6.13
Momento en L/2
3.6
8.13
MA = 4.52(2.5)-2(2.5)(1.25)

1 MA = 5.05 tn.m
2 2 3
MB = 2.76(1.5)-3.2(1.5)(0.75)
TRACCION
5.11 5.05 MB = 0.54 tn.m
COMPRESION
COMPRESION

TRACCION
Diseño en H° A°
𝒇𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒎 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝒓= →𝒓= → 𝒓 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟖𝟏 Tramo 1-2
𝒇𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒎 𝟐𝟏𝟎(𝟎.𝟒𝟓)

𝒏 𝟏𝟎 𝒙
𝒌 = 𝒏+𝒓 → 𝒌 = 𝟏𝟎+𝟏𝟒.𝟖𝟏 → 𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟑 𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐(𝒙)(𝟐)

𝒌 𝟎.𝟒𝟎𝟑 𝒌 𝟎.𝟒𝟎𝟑
𝝆𝒐𝒑 = 𝟐𝒓 → 𝝆𝒐𝒑 = 𝟐(𝟏𝟒.𝟖𝟏) → 𝝆𝒐𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟔𝑱 = 𝟏 − 𝟑 → 𝑱 = 𝟏 − 𝟑
→ 𝑱 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔
𝒅𝑴
𝒅𝒙
= 𝟒. 𝟓𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 → 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟔

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟓. 𝟏𝟏 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎
𝟏 𝟏
𝑲 = 𝒇𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒎 𝒌. 𝑱 → 𝑲 = (𝟗𝟒. 𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟑)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔) → 𝑲 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟗
𝟐 𝟐

𝑲 = 𝒇𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒎 . 𝝆. 𝑱 → 𝑲 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎(𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟔)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔) → 𝑲 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟗 ok

Diseño del Peralte

Para el diseño del peralte tomamos el Momento Máximo para de esta forma uniformar toda
la viga con un mismo peralte

Mmax = 6.13 tn.m = 6.13 105 kg.cm asumimos b = 20 cm

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟔.𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝟓

𝒅=√ 𝒌𝒃
→ 𝒅 = √(𝟏𝟔.𝟒𝟗)(𝟐𝟎) = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟏𝟏 𝒄𝒎 d = 44 cm

Armadura a flexión (Tramo 1-2) Mmax1-2 = 5.11 105 kg.cm

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟏−𝟐 𝟓.𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟓

𝑨𝒔 = → 𝑨𝒔 = = 𝟗. 𝟓𝟖 𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝒇𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒎 (𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎)(𝟎.𝟖𝟔𝟔)(𝟒𝟒)

Tablas: As = 9.897 cm2 5 Ø 5/8”

Armadura a Flexión (tramo 2’-3) Mmax2’-3 = 0.54 105 kg.cm

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐′−𝟑 𝟎.𝟓𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝟓

𝑨𝒔 = 𝒇𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒎 .𝑱.𝒅
→ 𝑨𝒔 = (𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎)(𝟎.𝟖𝟔𝟔)(𝟒𝟒) = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝒄𝒎𝟐

Tablas: As = 1.426 cm2 2 Ø 3/8”

Armadura a Flexióm (Momento Máximo) Mmax = 6.13 105 kg.cm

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒗𝒊𝒈𝒂 𝟔.𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝟓

𝑨𝒔 = 𝒇𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒎 .𝑱.𝒅
→ 𝑨𝒔 = (𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎)(𝟎.𝟖𝟔𝟔)(𝟒𝟒) = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟗 𝒄𝒎𝟐

Tablas: As = 11.638 cm2 3 Ø 7/8”

Verificación:

Cuantía Real ACI rmin = 0.0014

𝑨𝒔𝑻𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝟗.𝟖𝟗𝟕
𝝆𝟏−𝟐 = 𝒃𝒅
𝝆𝟏−𝟐 = (𝟐𝟎)(𝟒𝟒) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟓 < 𝝆𝒐𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟔 ok

𝑨𝒔𝑻𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝟏.𝟒𝟐𝟔
𝝆𝟐−𝟑 = 𝒃𝒅
𝝆𝟐−𝟑 = (𝟐𝟎)(𝟒𝟒) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟐 < 𝝆𝒐𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟔 ok

𝑨𝒔𝑻𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝟏𝟏.𝟔𝟑𝟖
𝝆= 𝒃𝒅
𝝆 = (𝟐𝟎)(𝟒𝟒) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟐 < 𝝆𝒐𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟔 ok

Momentos Admisibles
𝟏 𝟏
𝑴𝒄 = 𝟐 𝒇𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒎 𝒌. 𝑱. 𝒃. 𝒅𝟐 𝑴𝒄 = 𝟐 (𝟗𝟒. 𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟑)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔)(𝟐𝟎)(𝟒𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝒈. 𝒄𝒎

𝑴𝒔 = 𝝆. 𝒇𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒎 . 𝑱. 𝒃. 𝒅𝟐 𝑴𝒔 = (𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟔)(𝟏. 𝟒𝟎𝟎)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔)(𝟐𝟎)(𝟒𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝒈. 𝒄𝒎

Mc ≥ Msolicitante ok

Ms ≥ Msolicitante ok

Tensiones Admisibles.- Solo verificamos para la situación cúbica (Mmax)

𝟐𝑴 𝟐(𝟔.𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝟓 ) 𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
𝒇𝒄 = 𝒇𝒄 = = 𝟗𝟎. 𝟕𝟑 < 𝟗𝟒. 𝟓 ok
𝒌𝒃𝒋𝒅𝟐 (𝟎.𝟒𝟎𝟑)(𝟐𝟎)(𝟎.𝟖𝟔𝟔)(𝟒𝟒)𝟐 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝑴 𝟔.𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
𝒇𝒔 = 𝝆𝒃𝒋𝒅𝟐 𝒇𝒄 = (𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟐)(𝟐𝟎)(𝟎.𝟖𝟔𝟔)(𝟒𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟐
< 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟐
ok

3 Ø 7/8”(Es la suma de las áreas de las 3 barras)

44
5Ø5/8”
2Ø3/8”
Dimensionar la viga
q=3 tn/m P=3.5 tn d=?

A
5m 1.5 m b=?

MA

6.75 105 𝑴𝑴𝑬𝑵𝑺𝑼𝑳𝑨 = −(𝟏. 𝟓)(𝟑. 𝟓) = −𝟓. 𝟐𝟓 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎

5.25 105
9.38 𝒒𝑳𝟐 𝑴 𝟑(𝟓)𝟐 𝟓.𝟐𝟓
𝑴𝑨 = 𝟖
− 𝟐
= 𝟖
− 𝟐
→ 𝑴𝑨 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎

𝒒𝑳𝟐 𝟑(𝟓)𝟐
𝑴𝒗𝒊𝒈𝒂 = = = 𝟗. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎
𝟖 𝟖
3.38 105
𝟔.𝟕𝟓+𝟓.𝟐𝟓
𝑴𝑳/𝟐 = 𝟐
− 𝟗. 𝟑𝟖𝑴 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟖 𝒌𝒈. 𝒄𝒎

Determinación de MR
𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
𝒇′ 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝒇𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒇𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒎 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
fs= 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝒇𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝒇′𝒔 𝒇𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒎 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟐
h = 10

𝒇𝒔 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝒓 = 𝒇𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒎 → 𝒓 = 𝟗𝟒.𝟓
= 𝟏𝟒. 𝟖𝟏𝟓
𝒂𝒅𝒎

𝒏 𝟏𝟎
𝒌 = 𝒏+𝒓 → 𝒌 = 𝟏𝟎+𝟏𝟒.𝟖𝟏𝟓 → 𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟑

𝒌 𝟎.𝟒𝟎𝟑
𝑱=𝟏−𝟑 →𝑱=𝟏− 𝟑
→ 𝑱 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔

𝒌 𝟎.𝟒𝟎𝟑
𝝆𝒐𝒑 = 𝟐𝒓 → 𝝆𝒐𝒑 = 𝟐(𝟏𝟒.𝟖𝟏𝟓) → 𝝆𝒐𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟔

Sección Concreto:

𝟏 𝟏
𝑲= 𝒇𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒎 𝒌. 𝑱 → 𝑲 = (𝟗𝟒. 𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟑)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔) → 𝑲 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟗
𝟐 𝟐

Se assume b = 20 cm con el MMAX nos da una sección un poco robusta

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟑.𝟑𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟓

𝒅=√ 𝒌.𝒃
→ 𝒅 = √(𝟏𝟔.𝟒𝟗)(𝟐𝟎) = 𝟑𝟐 𝒄𝒎

Por lo tanto la sección es de: b = 20 cm; d = 32 cm

Analizamos el tramo 1-2

𝑴𝑹 = 𝒌. 𝒃. 𝒅𝟐 𝑴𝑹 = (𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟗)(𝟐𝟎)(𝟑𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝒈. 𝒄𝒎

 Cuando MSOLICITANTE > MRESISTENTE Se colocan armadura a compresión

 Cuando MSOLICITANTE ≤ MRESISTENTE Se diseña con armadura simple a tracción

M = MSOLICITANTE = Mviga MRESISTENTE = M1

𝑴 𝟑.𝟑𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝟏
𝑨𝒔𝟏 = 𝒇𝒔.𝑱.𝒅 → 𝑨𝒔𝟏 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎(𝟎.𝟖𝟔𝟔)(𝟑𝟐) = 𝟖. 𝟕𝟏 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝑴𝟐 = 𝑴 − 𝑴𝟏 → 𝑴𝟐 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟓 − 𝟑. 𝟑𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟓 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟕 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝒈. 𝒄𝒎

𝟐𝑴 𝟑.𝟑𝟕 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝟐
𝑨𝒔𝟐 = 𝒇𝒔(𝒅−𝒅′ ) → 𝑨𝒔𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟐−𝟓) = 𝟖. 𝟗𝟐 𝒄𝒎

Armadura a tracción

𝑨𝒔 = 𝑨𝒔𝟏 + 𝑨𝒔𝟐 → 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟖. 𝟗𝟐 + 𝟖. 𝟕𝟏 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟔𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐

Armadura a compresión
𝟏−𝒌 𝟏−𝟎.𝟒𝟎𝟑
𝑨′ 𝒔 = 𝒅′
𝑨𝒔𝟐 → 𝑨′ 𝒔 = 𝟓 (𝟖. 𝟗𝟐) = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟗 𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝟐(𝒌− ) 𝟐[𝟎.𝟒𝟎𝟑− ]
𝒅 𝟑𝟐
Diseño de Pórticos

Diseño de vigas y columnas del siguiente pórtico f’c = 210 kg/cm2

q=3.5 tn/m
Fs = 1400 kg/cm2
4 5
3 2I 2I h=8

5m Cv = 1.5 tn/m
I I

Cm = 2.0 tn/m
1 CT = 3.5 tn/m
2

5m 4m

Rigidez y Factores de Distribución

𝟒𝑬𝑰 𝟒𝑬𝑰 𝟎.𝟖 𝑬𝑰
Nudo 3: 𝒌𝟑−𝟏 = 𝑳
= 𝟓
= 𝟎. 𝟖 𝑬𝑰 𝑫𝟑−𝟏 = 𝟐.𝟒 𝑬𝑰 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑

𝟒𝑬𝑰 𝟒𝑬(𝟐𝑰) 𝟏.𝟔 𝑬𝑰

𝒌𝟑−𝟒 = = = 𝟏. 𝟔 𝑬𝑰 𝑫𝟑−𝟒 = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕
𝑳 𝟓 𝟐.𝟒 𝑬𝑰

2.4 EI 1.00
𝟒𝑬𝑰 𝟒𝑬(𝟐𝑰) 𝟏.𝟔 𝑬𝑰
Nudo 4: 𝒌𝟒−𝟑 = 𝑳
= 𝟓
= 𝟏. 𝟔 𝑬𝑰 𝑫𝟒−𝟑 = 𝟒.𝟐 𝑬𝑰 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖

𝟒𝑬𝑰 𝟒𝑬(𝟐𝑰) 𝟏.𝟔 𝑬𝑰

𝒌𝟒−𝟓 = 𝑳
= 𝟓
= 𝟐. 𝟎 𝑬𝑰 𝑫𝟒−𝟓 = 𝟒.𝟐 𝑬𝑰 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖

𝟒𝑬𝑰 𝟒𝑬(𝟐𝑰) 𝟏.𝟔 𝑬𝑰

𝒌𝟒−𝟐 = 𝑳
= 𝟓
= 𝟎. 𝟔 𝑬𝑰 𝑫𝟑−𝟒 = 𝟐.𝟒 𝑬𝑰 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕

4.2 EI 1.00

Momentos Fijos:

𝒒𝑳𝟐 𝟑.𝟓(𝟓)𝟐
𝑴𝑭 𝟑−𝟒 = −𝑴𝑭 𝟒−𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟕. 𝟐𝟗 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎

𝒒𝑳𝟐 𝟑.𝟓(𝟒)𝟐
𝑴𝑭 𝟒−𝟓 = −𝑴𝑭 𝟓−𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟒. 𝟔𝟕 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎
 -8.02
2.75 0.01
-0.04 -0.02
0.06 0.12 7.26 -3.37
-0.64 -0.32 0.01 0.01
0.96 1.92 0.15 0.08
-4,88 -2,44 2.43 1.21
7.29 -7.29 4.67 -4.67
0.67 0.38 0,48
3 5

-0.76
-0.02

-2.41
-2.75

-0.32

4
0.33

0.01

0.71
0.14
0.04
-1.38

1
2

Diagrama de Momentos
8.02
𝒒𝒍𝟐 𝟑.𝟓(𝟒)𝟐
𝑴𝒗𝒊𝒈 = 𝟖
= 𝟖
= 𝟕 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎
7.26
2.75 3.37 𝒒𝒍𝟐 𝟑.𝟓(𝟓)𝟐
𝑴𝒗𝒊𝒈 = 𝟖
= 𝟖
= 𝟏𝟎. 𝟗𝟒 𝒕𝒏. 𝒎
2.75
4 5
3 0.76

1.69

5.56

1 1.38 2

𝑴𝒋 −𝑴𝒊
Diagrama de Cortantes 𝑸𝒊𝒋 = 𝑸𝒗𝒊𝒈 + Q+ -Q
𝑳

7.97
7.70

4 5
3
0.83

6.03

9.80

1
0.83 2
0.15
 (−𝟐.𝟕𝟓)(𝟏.𝟑𝟖) q=3.5 tn/m
𝑸𝟏−𝟑 = = −𝟎. 𝟖𝟑 𝒕𝒏
𝟓

(−𝟖.𝟎𝟐)(−𝟐.𝟕𝟓) 8.75 tn 8.75 tn

𝑸𝟑−𝟒 = 𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 + = 𝟕. 𝟕𝟎 𝒕𝒏
𝟓

(−𝟖.𝟎𝟐)(−𝟐.𝟕𝟓)
𝑸𝟒−𝟑 = −𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 + 𝟓
= −𝟗. 𝟖𝟎 𝒕𝒏 q=3.5 tn/m

(−𝟑.𝟑𝟕)(−𝟕.𝟐𝟔)
𝑸𝟒−𝟓 = 𝟕 + = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟕 𝒕𝒏
𝟒
7 tn 7 tn
(−𝟑.𝟑𝟕)(−𝟕.𝟐𝟔)
𝑸𝟓−𝟒 = −𝟕 + 𝟒
= −𝟔. 𝟎𝟑 𝒕𝒏

2.75 0.83 tn 0.76 0.15 tn

1.38 0.83 tn 0.15 tn

Diseño de la viga

f´c = 210 kg/cm2 fc =0.45(210)  fc = 94.5 kg/cm2

𝒇𝒔 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎
fs = 1400 kg/cm2 𝒓 = 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟗𝟒.𝟓
= 𝟏𝟒. 𝟖𝟏

h=8

Posición del Eje Neutro

𝒏 𝟖
𝒌 = 𝒏+𝒓 → 𝒌 = 𝟖+𝟏𝟒.𝟖𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓

Brazo elastico
𝒌 𝟎.𝟑𝟓
𝑱=𝟏−𝟑 →𝑱=𝟏− 𝟑
= 𝟎. 𝟖𝟖

Cuantía Optima
𝒌 𝟎.𝟑𝟓
𝝆𝟎 = 𝟐𝒓 → 𝝆𝟎 = 𝟐(𝟏𝟒.𝟖𝟏) 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐

Sección de Concreto
𝟏 𝟗𝟒.𝟓 𝒌𝒈
𝒌 = 𝟐 𝒇𝒄 𝒂𝒅𝒎 ∗ 𝒌 ∗ 𝑱 → 𝒌 = (𝟎. 𝟑𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟖) = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟓
𝟐 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝑴 𝟖.𝟎𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝒈.𝒄𝒎

b = 25 cm 𝒅 = √𝒌𝒃 → 𝒅 = √ 𝒌𝒈 → 𝒅 = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟗𝟓 ≈ 𝒅 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒄𝒎 sección muy robusta
𝟏𝟒.𝟓𝟓 (𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎)
𝒄𝒎𝟐
 𝑴 𝟓.𝟓𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝒈.𝒄𝒎
b = 25 cm 𝒅 = √𝒌𝒃 → 𝒅 = √ 𝒌𝒈 → 𝒅 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟏𝟎 ≈ 𝒅 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒄𝒎
𝟏𝟒.𝟓𝟓 (𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎)
𝒄𝒎𝟐

sección 45x25 cm
d´=5 cm
Msolicitante > Mresistente se coloca armadura de
d=40 cm compresión

Msolicitante ≤ Mresistente se coloca armadura simple de

r=5 cm tracción
b=25 cm

Cálculo de la armadura por flexión

Tramo 3-A Mmax3A = 2.75 kg.cm d = 40 cm

Mresistente = k*b*d2 MR = 14.55(25)(40)2 = 5.82 105 kg.cm

Msolicitante < Mresistente se coloca armadura simple de tracción

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐.𝟕𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟓

𝑨𝒔 = → 𝑨𝒔 = = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟖 𝒄𝒎𝟐 2 Ø ¾” 5.701 cm2
𝒇𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒎 .𝑱.𝒅 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎(𝟎.𝟖𝟖)(𝟒𝟎)

Tramo A-B MA-B = 5.56 105 kg.cm d = 40 cm armadura simple de tracción

𝑴 𝟓.𝟓𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝑨𝒔 = 𝒇𝒔.𝑱.𝒅 → 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎(𝟎.𝟖𝟖)(𝟒𝟎) = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟖𝟐 𝒄𝒎𝟐 4 Ø ¾” 11.401 cm2

Tramo B-4 Mmax = 8.02 105 kg.cm d = 40 cm

Msolicitante > Mresistente se coloca armadura de compresión

Dimensionamiento de armadura de tracción

M1 = kbd2 M1 = 5.82 105 kg.cm

𝑴 𝟓.𝟖𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝟏
𝑨𝒔𝟏 = 𝒇𝒔.𝑱.𝒅 → 𝑨𝒔𝟏 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎(𝟎.𝟖𝟖)(𝟒𝟎) = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝑴 𝑴−𝑴 (𝟖.𝟎𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟓 )−(𝟓.𝟖𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟓 )

𝟐
𝑨𝒔𝟐 = 𝒇𝒔(𝒅−𝒅 𝟏
′ ) = 𝒇𝒔(𝒅−𝒅′ ) → 𝑨𝒔𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟎−𝟓)
= 𝟒. 𝟒𝟗 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝑨𝒔 = 𝑨𝒔𝟏 + 𝑨𝒔𝟐 → 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 + 𝟒. 𝟒𝟗 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟑𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟐 4 Ø 1” ; A=20.268 cm2

Dimensionamiento de la armadura de compresión

𝟏−𝒌 𝟏−𝟎.𝟑𝟓
𝑨′ 𝒔 = 𝒅′
𝑨𝒔𝟐 → 𝑨′ 𝒔 = 𝟓 (𝟒. 𝟒𝟗) = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟗 𝒄𝒎𝟐 4 Ø 5/8” A=7.917 cm2
𝟐(𝒌− ) 𝟐[𝟎.𝟑𝟓− ]
𝒅 𝟒𝟎
Verificación:

𝒅′ 𝟓
(𝒌− ) 𝟎.𝟑𝟓− 𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
′
𝒇𝒔=𝟐 𝒅
𝒇𝒔 → 𝒇′ 𝒔 = 𝟐 ( 𝟒𝟎
) 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗𝟔𝟗. 𝟐𝟑 < 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎
(𝟏−𝒌) 𝟏−𝟎.𝟑𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝑴 𝟖.𝟎𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
𝒇𝒔 = 𝝆𝒃𝒋𝒅𝟐 𝒇𝒄 = (𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟑)(𝟐𝟓)(𝟎.𝟖𝟖)(𝟒𝟎)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟕. 𝟕𝟗 𝒄𝒎𝟐
< 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟐

Tramo 4-C Mmax = 7.26 105 kg.cm d= 40 cm

Mresistente = k*b*d2 MR = 14.55(25)(40)2 = 5.82 105 kg.cm

𝑴 𝟓.𝟖𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝟏
𝑨𝒔𝟏 = 𝒇𝒔.𝑱.𝒅 → 𝑨𝒔𝟏 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎(𝟎.𝟖𝟖)(𝟒𝟎) = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝑴𝟐 𝑴−𝑴𝟏 (𝟕.𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝟓 )−(𝟓.𝟖𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟓 )

𝑨𝒔𝟐 = = → 𝑨𝒔𝟐 = = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟒 𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝒇𝒔(𝒅−𝒅′ ) 𝒇𝒔(𝒅−𝒅′ ) 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟎−𝟓)

𝑨𝒔 = 𝑨𝒔𝟏 + 𝑨𝒔𝟐 → 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 + 𝟐. 𝟗𝟒 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝟏−𝒌 𝟏−𝟎.𝟑𝟓
𝑨′ 𝒔 = 𝒅′
𝑨𝒔𝟐 → 𝑨′ 𝒔 = 𝟓 (𝟐. 𝟗𝟒) = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝟐(𝒌− ) 𝟐[𝟎.𝟑𝟓− ]
𝒅 𝟒𝟎

Verificación:

𝑴 𝟕.𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝒇𝒔 = 𝝆𝒃𝒋𝒅𝟐 → 𝒇𝒔 = (𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟓)(𝟎.𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟓)(𝟒𝟎)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟓 < 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎

𝒅′ 𝟓
(𝒌− ) 𝟎.𝟑𝟓− 𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
𝒇 𝒔 = 𝟐 (𝟏−𝒌) 𝒇𝒔 → 𝒇′ 𝒔 = 𝟐 ( 𝟏−𝟎.𝟑𝟓
′ 𝒅 𝟒𝟎
) 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗𝟔𝟗. 𝟐𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐
< 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝒌 𝟎.𝟑𝟓 𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
𝒇𝒄 = 𝒏(𝟏−𝒌) 𝒇𝒔 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟖(𝟏−𝟎.𝟑𝟓) 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟐𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐
< 𝟗𝟒. 𝟓𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟐

Tramo C-D Mmax = 1.69 105 kg.cm d= 40 cm

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟏.𝟔𝟗 𝟏𝟎𝟓

𝑨𝒔 = → 𝑨𝒔 = = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐 3 Ø ½” A=3.799 cm2
𝒇𝒔.𝑱.𝒅 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎(𝟎.𝟖𝟖)(𝟒𝟎)

Tramo D-5 Mmax = 3.37 105 kg.cm d= 40 cm

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟑.𝟑𝟕 𝟏𝟎𝟓

𝑨𝒔 = 𝒇𝒔.𝑱.𝒅
→ 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎(𝟎.𝟖𝟖)(𝟒𝟎) = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟒 𝒄𝒎𝟐 4 Ø 5/8” A=3.917 cm2

2Ø3/4” 4Ø1” 4Ø5/8”

4Ø3/4” 4Ø5/8” 3Ø1/2”

Diseño al Corte
7.97 tn
7.7 tn
6.30 tn 6.57 tn

2.8 m 4.35 tn
1.72 m
1.24 m 1.24 m
0.4 m 1.24 m 0.4 m 1.24 m

2.2 m 2.28 m
4.35 tn
4.35 tn
4.63 tn
6.03 tn 𝒌𝒈
𝒗𝒄−𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟑√𝟐𝟏𝟎 = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟐
8.4 tn
9.8 tn
𝒌𝒈
𝒗𝒄−𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟑√𝟐𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟖𝟒 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝑽 𝟕𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝟕𝟗𝟕𝟎 𝒌𝒈

𝒗= 𝒗= = 𝟕. 𝟕 𝒗= = 𝟗. 𝟖 𝒗= = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟕
𝒃𝒅 (𝟐𝟓)(𝟒𝟎) 𝒄𝒎𝟐 (𝟐𝟓)(𝟒𝟎) 𝒄𝒎𝟐 (𝟐𝟓)(𝟒𝟎) 𝒄𝒎𝟐

Se toma una distancia “d” del apoyo

3.5 tn/m

𝑸(𝒙) = 𝟕. 𝟕 − 𝟑. 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟎 → 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟎 𝒎
7.7 tn 9.8 tn

3.5 tn/m
𝑸(𝒙) = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟕 − 𝟑. 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟎 → 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟖 𝒎

7.97 tn 6.03 tn

𝟕.𝟕𝟎 𝒗 𝒌𝒈 𝟗.𝟖𝟎 𝒗 𝒌𝒈
𝟐.𝟐𝟎
= 𝟏.𝟖 → 𝒗 = 𝟔. 𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝟐.𝟖𝟎
= 𝟐.𝟒 → 𝒗 = 𝟖. 𝟒 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝟕.𝟗𝟕 𝒗 𝒌𝒈 𝟔.𝟎𝟑 𝒗 𝒌𝒈
𝟐.𝟐𝟖
= 𝟏.𝟖𝟖 → 𝒗 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟕 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝟏.𝟕𝟐
= 𝟏.𝟑𝟐 → 𝒗 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝟕.𝟕 𝟒.𝟑𝟓
𝟐.𝟐
= 𝒙
→ 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒 𝒎

𝟗.𝟖 𝟒.𝟑𝟓
𝟐.𝟖
= 𝒙
→ 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒 𝒎

𝟕.𝟗𝟕 𝟒.𝟑𝟓
𝟐.𝟐𝟖
= 𝒙
→ 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒 𝒎

𝟔.𝟎𝟑 𝟒.𝟑𝟓
𝟏.𝟕𝟐
= 𝒙
→ 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒 𝒎
Cálculo de los espaciamientos
𝑨𝒗.𝒇𝒗
Estribos 𝒇𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒚 𝑺=
(𝒗−𝒗𝒄𝒎𝒊𝒏 )𝒃

𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
𝒇𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟓(𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎) = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 < 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟎
𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝒄𝒎𝟐

Tomamos estribos Ø ¼” A=0.317 cm2 2 ramas

𝑨𝒗 = 𝟐𝑨 𝑨𝒗 = 𝟐(𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟕) = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐

𝟎.𝟔𝟑(𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎) 𝒅 𝟒𝟎
𝑺𝟏 = (𝟔.𝟑−𝟒.𝟑𝟓)(𝟐𝟓) = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟎𝟗 𝒄𝒎 ≈ 𝟏𝟖 𝒄𝒎 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟐 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟐
= 𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎

𝟎.𝟔𝟑(𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎) 𝑨𝒗 𝟎.𝟔𝟑
𝑺𝟐 = (𝟖.𝟒−𝟒.𝟑𝟓)(𝟐𝟓) = 𝟖. 𝟕𝟏 𝒄𝒎 ≈ 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟓𝒃 → 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟓(𝟐𝟓) = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟖 𝒄𝒎

𝟎.𝟔𝟑(𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎)
𝑺𝟑 = (𝟔.𝟓𝟕−𝟒.𝟑𝟓)(𝟐𝟓) = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝟗 𝒄𝒎 ≈ 𝟏𝟔 𝒄𝒎 𝑺𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎

𝟎.𝟔𝟑(𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎)
𝑺𝟒 = (𝟒.𝟔𝟑−𝟒.𝟑𝟓)(𝟐𝟓) = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟔 𝒄𝒎 ≈ 𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎

5.00 m 4.00 m

2.20 m 2.80 m 2.28 m 1.72 m