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PROFUNDOS Y DE BASE
Davor Simic
Dr Ingeniero de Caminos
Jefe de área de Geotecnia
Profesor UPM
EL SOSTENIMIENTO DE TUNELES PROFUNDOS Y DE
BASE
ESTRATEGIAS CONSTRUCTIVAS PARA EL CRUCE DE ZONAS FALLADAS Y
DEFORMABLES
TÓPICOS ANALIZADOS
• LOS TÚNELES DE BASE CADA VEZ MÁS NECESARIOS
funcionalidad
• CARACTERÍSTICAS ESPECÍFICAS DE ESTOS TÚNELES
geología/geomorfología
• IMPLICACIONES TENSODEFORMACIONALES
elasticidad/plasticidad
• EVALUACIÓN DE NECESIDADES ESTRUCTURALES mecánica
de rocas
• ESTRATEGIAS CONSTRUCTIVAS construcción
• MODELOS COMPORTAMIENTO DEL TERRENO diseño
• DEL MODELO A LA REALIDAD: PROBLEMAS EN OBRA
construcción
• DEL MODELO A LA REALIDAD: RENDIMIENTOS Y COSTES
construcción
NECESIDAD DE LOS TÚNELES DE BASE
funcionalidad (Area A)
• Two plains, located up to 700 – 1200 m above sea level and several medium to large size mountain
ranges make communications very difficult
FRANCE SPAIN
• HSR lines require alignments with very low gradient and large radius. In such
conditions it is understandable that spanish lines need so many tunnels
1. Introduction: The spanish HSR network – AVE
• Length: 28.377 m
• Length: 24,5 Km
• Pajares tunnels are excavated through a complete sequence of rocks from the Paleozoic:
• Limestones
• Sandstones
• Shales
• Dolomites
• Quartzites
CUETO
KARSTIC AREA:
SOBIA – BODON
NEGRO
PANDO
POLASKY
AREA
DE RESORT
GROUPAREA
GORDÓN - FOLLEDO
Intensive karstification of limestones formations. Very large
During
Extremely
Low the complex
project
waterresistance
flows theitand
intoslates wasyielded
expected
with
tunnel up tostructure.
(upto to m
650
500 beofone
l/s). Carboniferous
of faulted
the most
overburden.
Also High
areas
slates
problematic
located
stresswith
filled areas
andsand atindeformations
large maximum
of the tunnel
overburden
quartzites because
caused
areas area,
offlows
the
with
trappings
caused low
inmore
resistance
the
inside than 1
TBMs
the
slates
km. and
tunnels, highin
which overburden. However,downwards.
that point excavate the main risks came
from
Squeezing
the gases
and
The powerful organic
found inequipments
pumping gas.
the contacts between
avoided Sanreaching
water Emiliano
Formation
the slates and
most important Valdeteja
zones of thelimestones.
TBM, but in some cases
excavation was stopped for several months.
4. Pajares tunnel
Center: Rotation:
X: 1.955e+001 X: 343.344
Y: 6.180e+001 Y: 356.150
Z: 1.869e+001 Z: 27.694
Dist: 2.321e+002 Mag.: 1.75
Ang.: 22.500
Modelos analíticos.
(Área B)
SQUEEZING: COMPORTAMIENTO INESTABLE CARACTERIZADO POR
DEFORMACIONES CRECIENTES EN EL TIEMPO
Patologías (Área C)
Repair of a tunnel that has suffered severe squeezing in graphitic phyllite at a depth of
1200 m below surfaceDE
1- IMPORTANCIA in the
UNAYacambú-Quibor project in Venezuela DE
ADECUADA CARACTERIZACIÓN (photoLA E. Hoek)
ROCA
TÚNELES PROFUNDOS EN MACIZOS DEFORMABLES
ur
= r = 0.2(σcm/P0)-2
o
IMPORTANCIA DE LA
PROFUNDIDAD DEL
TÚNEL:
LA CALIDAD DE LA
ROCA ES UN VALOR
RELATIVO A LA
TENSIÓN DE CAMPO
TÚNELES PROFUNDOS EN MACIZOS DEFORMABLES
ESTRATEGIAS CONSTRUCTIVAS
ENFOQUE PASIVO
Construcción (Área C)
ENFOQUE PASIVO
SOSTENIMIENTO DEFORMABLE
diseño (Area B) y construcción (Area C)
Gotthard base tunnel, Faido section
SOSTENIMIENTO DEFORMABLE DE CERCHAS Y GUNITA
Yielding lining.
CONTROLADORES DE ESFUERZOS DE
LA GUNITA
(Schubert W)
SEMR, Madrid 2006 Tunnelling in weak rock masses under difficult geological conditions P. G.Marinos
TÚNELES PROFUNDOS EN MACIZOS DEFORMABLES
ENFOQUE PASIVO
SOSTENIMIENTO MEDIANTE ANCLAJES, CERCHAS
Y GUNITA
TÚNELES PROFUNDOS EN MACIZOS DEFORMABLES
ENFOQUE PASIVO
COLOCACIÓN ANCLAJE
TÚNELES PROFUNDOS EN MACIZOS DEFORMABLES
ENFOQUE PASIVO
COLOCACIÓN GUNITA
DIFICULTADES CONSTRUCTIVAS DEL ENFOQUE PASIVO
EJEMPLO DE LOS TÚNELES DE EGNATIA HIGHWAY , GRECIA
SEMR, Madrid 2006 Tunnelling in weak rock masses under difficult geological conditions P. G.Marinos
Driskos tunnel: zonas de riesgo de squeezing
0.1
0.01
0.001
Some of the support options for tunnels in weak rock masses. The grouted forepoles form a
protective umbrella over the face while the grouted fibreglass dowels reinforce the face. In low
cohesion rock masses the grouted pipe forepoles can be replaced by jet grouted forepoles.
SEMR, Madrid 2006 Tunnelling in weak rock masses under difficult geological conditions P. G.Marinos
Driskos tunnel Patologías (Área C)
SEMR, Madrid 2006 Tunnelling in weak rock masses under difficult geological conditions P. G.Marinos