GROUP MEMBERS.: Roll no.

Nikita Araujo 32

Ruhama Jacob 65

Neha Saxena

Priyanka Gharat

Payal Sahu

Raj Matthew 60
Ecology

It is the scientific study of the relation of living organisms to each other

and their surroundings. Ecology includes the study of plant and animal
populations, plant and animal communities and ecosystems.
Ecosystems describe the web or network of relations among organisms
at different scales of organization.

1. Save energy to save money.

o Set your thermostat a few degrees lower in the winter and

a few degrees higher in the summer to save on heating
and cooling costs.
o Install compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) when your
older incandescent bulbs burn out.
o Unplug appliances when you're not using them. Or, use
a "smart" power strip that senses when appliances are off
and cuts "phantom" or "vampire" energy use.
 o Wash clothes in cold water whenever possible. As much as
85 percent of the energy used to machine-wash clothes
goes to heating the water.
o Use a drying rack or clothesline to save the energy
otherwise used during machine drying.

2. Save water to save money.

o Take shorter showers to reduce water use. This will lower

your water and heating bills too.
o Install a low-flow showerhead. They don't cost much, and
the water and energy savings can quickly pay back your
investment.
o Make sure you have a faucet aerator on each faucet. These
inexpensive appliances conserve heat and water, while
keeping water pressure high.
o Plant drought-tolerant native plants in your garden. Many
plants need minimal watering. Find out which occur
naturally in your area.

3. Less gas = more money (and better health!).

o Walk or bike to work. This saves on gas and parking costs

while improving your cardiovascular health and reducing
your risk of obesity.
o Consider telecommuting if you live far from your work. Or
move closer. Even if this means paying more rent, it could
save you money in the long term.
o Lobby your local government to increase spending on
sidewalks and bike lanes. With little cost, these
improvements can pay huge dividends in bettering your
health and reducing traffic.

4. Keep electronics out of the trash.

o Keep your cell phones, computers, and other electronics as

long as possible.
 o Donate or recycle them responsibly when the time
comes. E-waste contains mercury and other toxics and is a
growing environmental problem.
o Recycle your cell phone.
o Ask your local government to set up an electronics
recycling and hazardous waste collection event.

Action Plans to Go Green with Your Business

The call to protect and preserve the environment has become much
louder today than ever before due to scientific evidence presented
related to global warming. Individuals and organizations have started
campaigns to protect Mother Nature through lifestyle changes and
making earth-friendly strategies.
In a business standpoint, going green is something that is both
challenging and heartwarming. A good entrepreneur would take
advantage of the situation and provide services and products that help
promote environmental protection. The proliferation of organic food
and products is just one manifestation of this growing trend. However,
putting up a new green business is not the only way to go green. There
are other things you can do with your current business while helping
the cause of saving the environment.
1. Recycle
This sounds cliché but in a business, recycling not only helps the
environment, but it also helps on cutting down expenses. Take a look
at what your company currently consumes, and find ways to recycle,
reduce, and reuse. You might be surprised of the things you might
have saved along the way.
Recycle paper and start using less-toxic office supplies and materials.
As much as possible, use recycled-paper products and school supplies.
The same goes for computer ink cartridges. Refill them instead of
throwing them away.
However, if there are things that are way beyond your recycling
prowess, it might be great to donate them to a non-profit organization
for a worth cause.
2. Conserve energy
The best way to cut down on costs would be energy conservation. It’s
good for the environment and for your business as well. If you are
going to build a new office or building, consider installing solar panels
to provide heat and hot water. And if the US State you are in provides
incentives to firms that promote energy conservation, it would be all
the more beneficial to your business.
3. Use alternative transportation
Consider going hybrid when planning to buy your next company car.
The fact that more hybrid car models are entering is already an
incentive itself. Some of the benefits of using hybrid cars include:
• Reducing wasted energy during idle/low output
• Recapturing waste energy
• Reducing the size and power of the internal combustion engine
4. Innovate
Current company practices may be modified in such a way that earth-
friendly strategies are placed. Business processes that usually produce
a lot of waste might be checked and examined to improve efficiency.
Going green can be done by any business in all types of industry. What
matters is the passion to really give our contribution to save the planet
because people who have that kind of passion naturally have an
incredible imagination to rebuild the value chain and inspire their
clients in the process.

The Downturn's Green Lining

There are very few things that are ever certain about "the next year".

But 2009 has at least three elements of certainty.

One, that it's going to be a tough year, with even profitable business
likely to be tight on cash, and very few boom sectors.

Two, that despite the nuclear deal, India is going to be even more
starved of power, both in the cities and in remote locations.

Three, that businesses, starved of cash and power, will need to look for
ways to optimize both.

When I speak to CIOs about green business and tech, I find them in
three camps. The (declining) majority is neutral about it, waiting and
watching, or has taken minor steps for instance defining greener
purchases (LCD only, no CRT, etc).

The second group says: Budgets are tighter, so we're unlikely to be

able to do any investments in greener tech.
But a (growing) minority, is saying: energy efficient tech is top priority
for us, especially because of the downturn, and budgets.

Take the "fuel crisis". Oil crossed $110 a barrel in March, with a "global
energy crisis looming", and prophets spoke of $150 barrels. Now, it's
down to $50 a barrel, and people are talking about $40.

Crisis? I think it was a pretty good thing, though the airlines may not
agree. But look at it this way. For the first time, the world got scared
about oil, and started looking at greener transportation. Hummers and
SUVs lost favor in the USA and people rushed for smaller cars and
electric cars.

In November, when Honda had a special offer on its Civic Hybrid,

lowering the price from Rs 22 lakh to 13 lakh, the several hundred
unsold in stock sold out on the first day while other car sales had
slowed.

Nothing to beat a temporary crisis that is so very educative--and then

the crisis goes away, but the lessons remain.

The telecom sector is the most hit by the cost and shortage of power.
It takes serious money to keep those towers running 24x7 in places
where there's electricity for three hours a day and where usage may
be less than three hours. So it's desperately trying to cut down power
usages, with greener tech.

The IT and BPO sectors have also realized that power is a heavy cost
both in opex, and capex, for backup. Going for lower-power
infrastructure saves money in the short, and not just the long, term.

That's what I'm looking forward to in a crisis-racked, power-starved

2009. A green revolution in Indian business, born of necessity.

Should enterprises move to Green

technologies?
Green IT opens up an abundance of newer opportunities for enterprises in India

BANGALORE, INDIA: Going green is the mantra often heard among

Indian IT enterprises. It is an important business initiative that is
driving good corporates towards greener technologies.

Going green is not just about being environment-friendly but also

translates into one of the best ways to cut costs. A recent IDC report
indicates that energy and cooling expenses will grow eight times
faster than purchasing costs of new servers through 2010. In IDC’s
latest Green Poll in the APAC region, almost 81 percent of the
participating organizations said that the Green-ness of an IT
technology would become increasingly important when it comes to
selecting suppliers. About 18 percent of the organizations said that
they were already considering this factor while selecting suppliers,
while 30 percent said they were putting systems into place to start
doing so in the near future. So Green IT opens up an abundance of
opportunities for enterprises in any country.
Why should your IT go Green?
Rising global warming, increased energy costs and greater awareness
about its socio-economic implications has forced organizations to look
for ways to reduce their carbon-emission footprint. However, what has
escaped attention is the massive amount of energy your IT
consumes. Enterprise IT, which accounts for up to 40 percent of an
organization’s energy requirement, has a big role to play to reduce
greenhouse gases. According to a Forrester survey, over 41 percent of
people in the IT departments believe energy efficiency and equipment
recycling are important factors that need to be considered. In the
same survey, 65 percent believed reduction of energy related
operating costs as the driving factor for implementing Green IT.
What drives Green in India?
Adoption of Green IT is not just about buying green data centers and
setting up Green IT infrastructure. It needs a complete 360-degree
approach - starting from the vision of the top management to the
awareness among employees.
“An environment-conscious organization should define what ‘green’
means to it as there is no global, industry-wide recognized standard
today that defines a green data center or organization, and take steps
to follow the corporate green guidelines. The long-term goal of the
green data center operation is to achieve carbon neutrality.
Data centers – The Energy guzzlers
Undoubtedly, data centers have the maximum energy requirements,
given the massive number of powerful servers that are housed in
today’s data centers, which are sometimes as big as the size of a
football field. And these data centers may require as much cooling
power as the electricity to run them. Some studies say that these data
centers account for between 1.2 and 2.0 percent of electricity
consumed in the United States. It is also a known fact that many of
the servers in the data centers run at a low utilization level of 10% to
15%. This causes significant wastage through redundant hardware,
memory, network devices and power supplies. In earlier times,
enterprises would have put up with this excess capacity, given the IT
department’s risk-aversion. However, with maturing IT coupled with
need to rein-in energy use, organizations are now forced to adopt
strategies to reduce their data center operational costs.
Strategies to implement Green technologies
What are the steps you should take to optimize the consumption of
electricity as well as reduce the number of servers in your data
center? Enterprise IT groups are looking at various options – such as
PC Power management software and deployment of energy efficient
servers and network devices. However, these piecemeal steps will not
yield the desired results; you need a more holistic approach to solve
this problem. The answer lies in the adoption of Cloud computing and
Virtualization within your enterprise IT – two strategies that can a go a
long way in reducing your energy-dependency and thus make your
organization truly green.
Embrace Cloud Computing
Cloud computing lets you use computational power and storage space
from a third-party service provider, thus lowering demand for addition
of more servers in your data center. You can also reduce the number
of applications deployed on your data centers by using similar
applications hosted by SaaS providers. Now, cloud computing means
different things to different people – depending upon which vendor
you talk to. Therefore, it could be utility computing or grid or Software-
as-a-Service or even Platform-as-a-Service. However, one thing is
clear – all of them refer to some service provided by a third-party
provider outside the corporate firewall. It is true there are concerns
with respect to security, availability and customer’s data privacy in
these services – as shown recently by the outage at Amazon’s S3
storage service. However, these issues will get addressed as the
technology and industry matures.
There are primarily two types of cloud services, namely Infrastructure
in the cloud and Applications in the cloud. Infrastructure in the cloud
refers to raw CPU power and data storage space you can use on-
demand over Internet.
You should also explore applications in the cloud type of services as a
tool to minimize data center load. Look at business applications that
are not critical to your business or those you can’t afford to maintain
with a separate IT group in-house – such as CRM apps, HR/HCM,
Backup and Restore, Security etc. Instead of running these
applications on your data center, you should consider using
applications provided by third-party service providers. This, in turn,
reduces the number of servers in your data center – which means you
have less energy consumption.
 Virtualize your data center
As you look for ways to optimize your data center operation,
consolidation of servers through virtualization technology provides
considerable energy savings. Virtualization is a technology that allows
you to partition a physical hardware into multiple logical boxes, with
each having its own operating system and network connectivity
running in a sandbox. This makes additional standby servers
redundant since you can dynamically provision a new virtual machine
and then run a new instance of your application on this VM. With
advances in virtual machine technology, you can now move a running
virtual machine from one server to another server. This further
increases the utilization rate of your server stack in the data center;
hence you can host more applications with reduced number of
servers.

Smart ways for the network to save power

Enterprises are seeking creative and innovative ways to reduce their energy consumption and as a direct re
driving a reduced the carbon footprint for the organization

BANGALORE, INDIA: As governments, business communities and the

media have turned their focus to green environmental issues and
global warming, enterprises are seeking creative and innovative ways
to reduce their energy consumption and as a direct result driving a
reduced the carbon footprint for the organization.

A valuable part of the Green movement is to create momentum for the

cause; where simple actions and smart methods of running electrically
connected devices, repeated many times over, can really add up and
make a great difference. This extends into a number of differing
markets, such as healthcare facilities, schools and universities,
manufacturers, retailers, financial centers, hotels and hospitality as
within Call Centers, and Data Centers. As a direct result of reducing
energy consumption, the cost of operations will also reduce for the
participating organization.

Given that Information Technology represents one of the largest

consumers of energy within the corporate environment, IT
professionals that oversee the procurement and operation of
enterprise networks and computing data centers have the ability to
meaningfully impact energy consumption. What can be achieved
during the infrastructure selection process, the solution design and
deployment phase and then the ongoing network operation that will
result in energy savings?

Extreme Networks suggests three energy saving ideas:

1. Procuring Ethernet switch products that consume less power
2. Designing the network to use less power
3. Intelligently optimizing power to edge ports and connected devices

1. Product Procurement: The IT networking team can seek out

network equipment that consumes less power and factor this attribute
into the RFP process from the outset. Comparison shopping with
respect to power consumption can make a real difference over the life
of the network. Much like a refrigerator or similar household appliance
can save money from the day it is purchased when compared to older
generations of appliances, so too can Ethernet switch technology.
Look for Ethernet switches that consume less energy during normal
operation as they will save you energy and operating budget.

For example, a typical Ethernet modular switch supporting 400 total

ports can consume between 6 and 12 watts per port or between 2.6
and 5.2 Kilowatts per device. With updated technology and innovative,
power saving design, Extreme Networks offers modular switches (1)
that support 400 ports and consume only 1.3 Kilowatts (or 3.2 watts
per port). The proliferation of devices of this type throughout the
enterprise can results in operating cost savings and the reduction of
the carbon footprint.

2. Network Design: Today's Local Area Network (LAN) can be

designed to use power more efficiently. One route to achieve this is to
collapse tiers of the network and as a result reducing the number of
switches required to serve the enterprise.

Traditional LANs were designed with various fixed and modular

switches playing specific roles in three distinct areas. At the edge of
the network, fixed switches would connect users and devices at
10/100Mb speeds. At the aggregation layer, another class of switch
became a 'connection point' to connect all the edge devices and traffic
and feed it into the network backbones and to centralized data
centers. The final tier was the network backbone or core, where the
largest and most powerful modular switches connected traffic from the
aggregation layer to servers and between locations.

With the introduction of more powerful Ethernet switches and

technologic breakthroughs, such as 10 Gigabit Ethernet speeds and
system resiliency over the last five years, network designers now have
the ability to collapse the traditional three tier network into just two
tiers - the edge and core network - removing the aggregation layer and
its associated energy consumption.

The capital savings associated with the upfront purchase followed by

the on-going savings from reduced energy consumption through the
use of a smaller number of Ethernet switches in a Two Tier design
brings tangible and real benefit for both IT managers who have to
manage and operate fewer devices, and the environment where less
power is needed to run the network.

3. Optimized Power Management: The third on-going method is to

save energy through the network using native software intelligence to
optimize powered devices connected at the network's edge. Managing
edge devices and network ports is similar to the way a maintenance
and operations team for a facility turns out lights and other appliances
in a large building when it is not occupied.

Today's Ethernet switches support 802.11af standards-based Power

over Ethernet (PoE) to enable the transmission of power over the
copper twisted-pair wiring to the devices connect at the network edge,
transmitting 48 volts of DC electrical power along with data bandwidth
connectivity to each port. Thus, devices such as IP phones, cameras
and Wireless LAN (802.11) Access Points (APs) can be powered by the
network while also receiving data bandwidth. This saves network and
facilities staff the cost and complexity of separately wiring a building
for both the LAN and power needs at every network node.

Automated power management through optimization of PoE devices

can reduce costs and power usage associated with running the
network edge by between 50 and 75 percent, a very significant
amount that will reduces a businesses carbon footprint and allows
them to more intelligently and proactively manage and operate their
LAN infrastructure.

Extreme Networks uniquely addresses power consumption across the

network including edge devices with its revolutionary Universal Port
technology - a layer of intelligence that provides event-driven
provisioning and automated operations throughout the network.

One of the most innovative functions of Universal Port is allowing a

network manager to choose the exact hours of operation of a given
network port, dictating when powered network ports (POE) will provide
power and when they should be automatically shut down when not in
use or at the end of the business day. Through this technology,
network connected Voice-over-IP handsets that consume energy and
power every hour can immediately be powered down at the end of the
business day and then woken up the next day. Energy savings
associated with intelligent power management of edge devices with
Universal Approach can be over 50 percent.

Conclusion: Saving energy and building a green future takes thought

and commitment. Extreme Networks is glad to contribute innovate and
unique technology and solutions to enable organizations to achieve
their goals of 'Going Green' through the deployment of efficient
devices, suggesting intelligent network design and providing unique
software that controls the environment.

Corporate calls for greater collaboration to

counter climate change
BANGALORE, INDIA: On World Earth Day 2008, Royal Philips
Electronics, the world leader in lighting, calls for better collaboration
among government, business and individuals to develop common
approaches that have a strong and lasting impact on combating
climate change and to achieve a better and sustainable society.

Climate change and global warming are the most important issues
facing the international community today. Lighting, a major contributor
to warming the environment consumes 19 percent of all electricity
produced in the world. New lighting technology with a realistic
reduction of 40 percent throughout the world creates the same output
of 500 medium sized power stations which would, in carbon capture
terms, cover the whole Gobi desert with forest.

In conjunction with World Earth Day 2008, Gerard Kleisterlee, President

and CEO of Royal Philips Electronics actively advocated adopting
energy efficiency solutions to counter climate change. Kleisterlee
pointed out that energy efficiency is not only an important way to
combat climate change, but also to secure energy supply and to
ensure responsible use of scarce resources. He encouraged all
stakeholders to take critical action to achieve a triple win proposition
and also indicated the importance of government support to tackle the
existing barriers and hurdles that many developing countries face
today.

"By offering our most advanced technologies and solutions, Philips is

well positioned to contribute to Asia's development of green and
sustainable growth for a bright and prosperous future," commented
Kleisterlee.
Existing new lighting technology today offers a triple win proposition —
saving cost, energy and the environment. Hence, switching to energy
efficient lighting is the quickest and easiest way to make a significant
contribution. For instance, Philips new street lighting system—
Cosmopolis, has already been developed in several cities across Asia
and it can reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission by 40
percent compared to the traditional street lighting solutions. Aside
from energy saving, the new technology provides superior lighting,
which allows for better driving safety and better aesthetics to highly
improve our living quality.

Economic growth is historically linked to consumption of energy.

Higher levels of consumption and its environmental impact are a by-
product of any country that is experiencing rapid economic growth.

"Although new solutions exist, market adoption rates are slow

considering the severity of the current climate change crisis.
Collective efforts from government and business are necessary to
further educate public to advocate a switch to more energy efficient
lighting. Support from governments is also needed to initiate new
legislation and policies to help accelerate market uptake and create
the right incentive system to enable energy efficient investments in
infrastructure and renovation," said Kleisterlee.

Philips has long been an industry leader in introducing cleaner, greener

technologies. In its continuing commitment to dramatically reduce
carbon emissions caused by the world's lighting needs, Philips
announced its Fourth EcoVision program last year in September to set
a target to double sales from green products to 30 percent of total
revenues within five years. These targets mean that by end of 2008, all
the company's offices will be outfitted with energy efficient lighting
systems to further reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.

Furthermore, Philips' campaign www.asimpleswitch.com

communicated to the public at large that solutions in energy
management can be simple and easy to implement.

Save whatever 'Green' is left on earth

Lenovo is commited in building products that contribute towards a greener earth

BANGALORE, INDIA: Environment-friendly corporate action is becoming

the new norm of practice in enterprises. Production of eco-friendly
products and the ways of disposing them is of utmost importance for
companies today as they try to save whatever "Green" is left on earth.

In an interview with CIOL, Anil Philip, Executive Director, Transaction

Business, Lenovo India, talks about Lenovo's efforts in contributing
toward a safer and greener earth. Excerpts:

CIOL: What are the steps taken by Lenovo to increase energy

efficiency? Since when has Lenovo been eco conscious?
Anil Philip: Lenovo is committed to provide eco-friendly and energy
efficient technology choices. The recent ThinkCentre A61e has raised
the energy efficiency bar. It is the smallest, quietest and most energy
efficient desktop yet, with EPEAT Gold status, the highest designation a
product can achieve in the environmental attributes. This product
comes with a 45W desktop processor (instead of the traditional 65-
90W processors) that save power consumption up to 50 percent
annually over the previous ThinkCentre model reducing the total cost
of ownership (TCO) to a large extent.

We also offer more than 90 EPEAT-registered products with a majority

of them being Silver-rated (EPEAT silver rated products is a rating tool
established by the Green Electronics Council that evaluates electronic
products in relation to 23 required environmental criteria and 51
optional criteria). Lenovo offers a complete, industry-leading line of
energy-efficient products that meet the new Environmental Protection
Agency's ENERGY STAR 4.0 standard.

CIOL: Why the hype now and how far have you come as
regards to adopting 'Green IT technologies'?
AP: Energy consumption continues to remain a challenge in the IT
sector. IT companies are increasingly becoming conscious in producing
recycled and environmentally responsible materials in products to
contributing towards making the earth a safe place to stay.

Lenovo has announced several milestones for green product designs.

We offer a gamut of products – both in consumer and enterprise
segment that conform to the ENERGY STAR 4.0 standard. More than 90
of our products are EPEAT registered Silver rated products. Besides
products, we even use recycled and reusable materials for our
packaging and educate our customers on how to responsibly dispose
off their PC at the end of its life. Because enterprise PC purchases are a
large part of Lenovo's business in many parts of the world, Lenovo
recommends its enterprise customers about recovery and recycling of
these PCs at the end of their life.
CIOL: Does Lenovo have any e-waste strategies in place?
AP: We conduct recycling programs in many countries we operate in,
with many of those offering free recycling. In China, Lenovo offers free
recycling for individuals, institutions and businesses. In the US, the
Lenovo Recycling Service allows consumers and business customers to
recycle any manufacturers' PCs, including system units, monitors,
printers and optional attachments.

CIOL: What are the major challenges faced by the company in

implementing an eco-friendly environment?
AP: The primary challenge faced by companies in manufacturing eco
friendly products is a surge in the prices due to the use of green
technology. Eco friendly products need technologies that produce less
heat resulting in greater reliability and decreased energy use. For
instance, Lenovo's A61e desktop uses 45W desktop processor, instead
of the 65–90W processors, which makes it significantly energy
efficient.

Also due to the inadequate awareness in the consumer segment, there

is a lack of demand for green products among individual customers.

CIOL: From the range of products that Lenovo has how many
have had the success of being eco friendly? What is the
percentage of reduction in energy consumption?
AP: Lenovo offers over 90 EPEAT registered products with majority of
them being silver rated. The recent ThinkCentre A61e desktop, which
is EPEAT Gold certified is the smallest, lightest, most energy-efficient
desktop PC from Lenovo to date.

The recent Lenovo ThinkCentre A61e desktop can help save users up
to 50 percent in energy costs annually over previous models of
ThinkCentres, due to its energy-efficient 45W processors.

CIOL: Do all the companies abide 100 percent by EPA

regulations? Are there any loopholes?
AP: EPA regulation is a product proclamation, which helps a company
remain eco–friendly. It's not mandatory for a company to abide by it.
Companies that care for environmental safety abide by EPA regulation
– hence it is an attitude change in corporates.

CIOL: Does Lenovo have a particular program that it has

started with regards to spreading the message of a greener
earth?
AP: Lenovo, as an IT company, is increasingly becoming conscious in
producing recycled and environmentally responsible materials in
products to contributing towards a greener earth.
Besides products, we have the Lenovo Recycling Service, which allows
consumers and business customers to recycle any manufacturers' PCs,
including system units, monitors, printers and optional attachments.
We even use recycled and reusable materials for our packaging and
educate our customers on how to responsibly dispose e-waste

IBM goes 'Big Green' in India

The initiative is aimed at building data centers that consume less energy

BANGALORE, INDIA: Project Big Green, an IBM service initiative is

aimed at building and redesigning datacenters that consume less
energy. With the launch of its second phase of the project, the team
from IBM Global Technology Services (GTS) is now targeting large
corporate customers in India.

The initiative for an average 25,000 square foot data centre, the
potential energy savings should be upwards of 42 percent, which
based on the US energy terms, would equate to a 7,439-tonne
reduction in carbon emissions per year.

Addressing a group of CIOs at the "Technology Gourmet" event held

here, Steven Sams, vice-president global site & facilities, IBM GTS said:
"Large companies are facing a huge energy crisis. This issue is
surfacing in a number of different ways and data centers are doubling
ever five years. In fact, by 2030 and it is estimated that eight percent
of the energy on this planet will be consumed by the data centers."

The event was organized by CIOL, (India’s largest IT portal) in

association with IBM India.

IBM claims that the savings for customers are great in going green, by
using IBM technologies such as their blade servers instead of other
vendor's technologies, a customer with a 25,000-square-foot data
center should be able to save as much as 42 percent on energy
consumption.

Sams cited the example of Pacific Gas and Electric Co. (PG&E), one of
the customers that has already benefited from IBM's green initiative.
The company used IBM diagnostic technology at three data centers to
measure and identify hot spots, air leakage and other inefficiencies
across 40,000 square feet of data center space. Had PG&E surveyed
this space manually, it would have taken several weeks instead of a
few days.

In a recent report, Sams said that $30-$50 million will be needed to run
data centers that would be amount to 75 percent of the energy costs.
The Project Big Green was launched in 2007 and has outlined a five-
step approach to improving energy efficiency.

Diagnose: energy assessment, virtual 3-D power management, and

thermal analytics
Build: plan, build, or update to an energy-efficient data centre
Virtualize: IT infrastructures and special-purpose processors
Manage: control with power management software
Cool: exploit liquid cooling solutions inside and out of the data centre

"This will help reduce consumption by 40-50 percent, in US terms save

$1.3 million in the yearly savings, he said adding that it will also have a
positive impact on the environment."

For starters, virtualization will be one of the biggest players in this

project. IBM leads the way in providing the industry’s most
comprehensive virtualization technologies and this investment will
demonstrate their ability to leverage high density computing systems.

In addition, the project will include IBM’s Cool Blue portfolio of energy
efficient power and cooling technologies. All of this, and the energy
efficient design and construction of the new facility will dramatically
reduce energy thus reducing pollution created from this large of a data
center.

An IDC report says that savings is huge, which estimates that for every
dollar spent on computer hardware, another 50 cents is spent on
energy. This amount, IDC says, is expected to increase to more than
71 cents by 2011.

The company also stated that it will soon launch The Energy Efficiency
Incentive Finder, a central website for details about energy efficiency
incentives and programmes that are available from local utility
companies, governments, and other participating agencies anywhere
in the world, Sams adds.

IBM Global Financing is positioned as part of Project Big Green to

provide a green wrapper of financing solutions to help organizations
acquire the hardware, software, and services they need to build
an energy-efficient data centrewhile aligning upfront costs with
anticipated project benefits.

For the Build step, IBM announced the Energy Efficiency Self
Assessment as well as the IBM Scalable Modular Data Center, a pre-
configured 500 or 1,000 square foot energy efficient data centre
solution, among other offerings.

Viewsonic goes green!

Energy-efficient products and corporate responsibility can make customers proud of owning eco-friendly
ViewSonic products

NEW DELHI, INDIA: ViewSonic Corp. today launched a new initiative

promoting company’s commitment to conducting business in an
environmentally responsible manner. By designing energy-efficient
products and adopting recycling programs ViewSonic has taken serious
steps towards reducing the amount of waste ending up in landfills, for
a more eco-friendly approach.

As a part of the initiative, ViewSonic ensures building in energy-saving

features in all of its products. This is aimed towards helping customers
not only save energy, but also save money.

All of the company’s displays are now ENERGY STAR compliant, and all
displays released since July of 2008 will feature a power-saving Eco
Mode that will offer up to a 56 percent energy savings.

Starting with product design, ViewSonic will strive to reduce the waste
associated with its product lifecycle. Product designs now include
recyclable plastic and a screw-free assembly, which reduces the
number of parts on a given product and makes disassembly for
recycling more efficient.

ViewSonic has also partnered with a range of ISO 14001 certified

recyclers to offer customers several options and incentives to return
and recycle used products through its Recycle+Trade-In program.

Over 30 displays of ViewSonic have also received EPEAT Silver

Certification which is given to products that reduce toxic materials and
waste, are mercury-free, and feature reduced energy consumption.

Speaking on the initiative, Gautam Ghosh, Country

Manager, ViewSonic Technologies India Pvt Ltd said: "ViewSonic
recognizes the importance of incorporating eco-friendly and power
saving green IT initiatives in its product lifecycle for the benefit of its
customers. The company is committed towards incorporating
environmentally responsible decisions in its day to day operations and
will continue to find new ways to enhance its green efforts."

Taking the green pill

It's fashionable to talk about green IT, but rarely do CIOs confess the real issues around it.

Here's one such candid account from Cedric D'SOUZA, Manager, IT at

Sanofi Aventis, as he chats with Pratima Harigunani of CyberMedia
News on the margins of Enterprise Connect Awards 2008

As a CIO what's your view on green IT between the hype and

the hands-on experience?

Things have certainly changed for better and greener. We have moved
from huge stacks of servers to blades, to a world of six-hour battery
backed-up laptops.

How's it like going green?

Of course, like many others, we are going green, but I am not

completely satisfied. I confess that we do a little bit wherever possible
but, for instance, whenever power is needed, there are practical
compulsions; you have to use the power.

We can only select the best that's available on the manufacturing side
and there are cost considerations as well besides criteria like power
consumption. Though our motto is to go green. but it is hard to
implement it.

So aren't technology vendors doing enough on the green

direction?
Of course, manufacturers are bringing these technologies but they are
expensive too and there are cost considerations besides the green
objective.

How acute is the gap between the economy and ecology

aspects?

It's not the user that can make much of a difference but the top
management who implements and can make a difference if they have
a policy of sanction accordingly. A CIO, who has his KRAs and cost
targets to cover too, would be helped a lot in the green objective if that
falls in place.

"In sustainable development, everyone is a user and provider of information

considered in the broad sense... the need for information arises at all levels, from
that of senior decision makers at the national and international levels to the
grass-roots and individual levels."
Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet
human needs while preserving the so that these needs can be met not only in
the present, but also for generations to come. The term was used by the
Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-
quoted definition of sustainable development as development that "meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs."

Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of

natural systems with the social challenges facing humanity. As early as the
1970s "sustainability" was employed to describe an economy "in
equilibrium with basic ecological support system] Ecologists have pointed to
The Limits to Growth, and presented the alternative of a "steady state
economy in order to address environmental concerns.

The field of sustainable development can be conceptually broken into three

constituent parts: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and
sociopolitical sustainability.

The sustainable development debate is based on the assumption that

societies need to manage three types of capital (economic, social, and
natural), which may be non-substitutable and whose consumption might be
irreversible.[16] Daly (1991),[17] for example, points to the fact that natural
capital can not necessarily be substituted by economic capital. While it is
possible that we can find ways to replace some natural resources, it is much
more unlikely that they will ever be able to replace eco-system services,
such as the protection provided by the ozone layer, or the climate stabilizing
function of the Amazonian forest. In fact natural capital, social capital and
economic capital are often complementarities. A further obstacle to
substitutability lies also in the multi-functionality of many natural resources.
Forests, for example, not only provide the raw material for paper (which can
be substituted quite easily), but they also maintain biodiversity, regulate
water flow, and absorb CO2.

Another problem of natural and social capital deterioration lies in their

partial irreversibility. The loss in biodiversity, for example, is often definite.
The same can be true for cultural diversity. For example with globalisation
advancing quickly the number of indigenous languages is dropping at
alarming rates. Moreover, the depletion of natural and social capital may
have non-linear consequences. Consumption of natural and social capital
may have no observable impact until a certain threshold is reached. A lake
can, for example, absorb nutrients for a long time while actually increasing
its productivity. However, once a certain level of algae is reached lack of
oxygen causes the lake’s ecosystem to break down suddenly.

Sustainable development is a policy approach that has gained quite a lot of

popularity in recent years, especially in international circles. By attaching a
specific interpretation to sustainability, population control policies have
become the overriding approach to development, thus becoming the primary
tool used to “promote” economic development in developing countries and
to protect the environment."

Cases of sustainable Development:

Tata Steel Rural Development Society (TSRDS), an organisation

involved in the steel major's community building initiatives, embarked on
an initiative to empower communities by creating awareness on the Right
to Information (RTI) Act at the grassroot level, in October 2009.

Wipro Infotech, provider of IT and business transformation services, has

unveiled its new eco-friendly and toxin-free desktops, manufactured with
materials completely free of deadly chemicals like polyvinyl chloride and
brominated flame retardants.

Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd and GE Power & Water have signed an
agreement, to work together and offer environment management
solutions, including waste-water treatment and recycling.
 Case Study: Godrej

Conservation Actitivities by SP Godrej Marine Ecology Centre

The Soonabai Pirojsha Godrej Marine Ecology Centre has undertaken several
measures to protect the mangroves locally. Some of the programmes undertaken
are

1 Regular monitoring/ patrolling in creek side mangrove area conserved by SPG

Marine Ecology Centre to check possible destruction of existing mangroves and
protecting rare species of mangroves.

2 Ecological restoration of degraded mangroves by raising nurseries and

replenishing degraded mangrove areas through artificial regeneration in different
areas.

3 Establishment of Mangrove Interpretation Centre: Dissemination of the

information regarding the importance of mangrove conservation through film/slide
shows, seminars, nature trails/camps, poster exhibitions etc.