Name: _______________________________

MENDEL & HEREDITY

Date: ________________

Learning Goal:

Vocabulary:
Questions:

Who is known as the “Father of Genetics”?

What did he study?

What is Genetics?
What is Inheritance?

What is the Law of Dominance?

Why Peas? 1.
2.
3.
4.
Ex:

What are Characters and Traits?

Provide Examples.
Mendel’s Experiment
P generation (Parental)
Crossed (mated) two purebred/ true-breeding pea plants.
Ex: purebred white-flowered plant crossed with a
purebred purple-flowered plant.
Resulting offspring = F₁ generation

Mendel’s Experiment
F₁ generation
 100% of plants had purple flowers
 Plants allowed to self-pollinate
 Resulting offspring =F₂ generation
Mendel’s Experiment
F₂ generation
75% of plants had purple flowers
White flowers reappeared in 25% of plants
Trait for white flowers was hidden, or
masked, during F₁ generation
Results
Mendel discovered a distinctive pattern ratio for various traits in pea plants
Conclusion
Traits are inherited as discrete units (_______________)
Law of (Mendel’s 1st Law)
Organisms copies of each gene, from each parent (fertilization).
Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes; two copies of each gene segregate, or
separate, during gamete formation (meiosis).
TRAITS, GENES, & ALLELES
What is a Gene?

What is an Allele?
What are Homozygous and
Heterozygous form of genes?
Provide examples.
What are Dominant and Recessive
traits? Provide examples.

What are Genotype and Phenotype?

Punnett Squares
Grid used to predict all possible resulting from a cross
Used to find the ratio of and in that generation
Punnett Square Conventions
1. A capital letter stands for the dominant trait (lower case = recessive)
2. If there is a capital letter, write it first
3. First parent mentioned is the ♂.
Male Parent (horizontal)
Female Parent (vertical)
Example 1
Let T = tall pea plant
Let t = short pea plant
Cross a heterozygous pea plant with a short pea plant
1. What is the cross?

Monohybrid Cross Mono = one

Monohybrid crosses: crosses that examine the inheritance of only specific .
Mono means one: one trait; Parents differ by one trait
Cross: P1: parents
F1: offspring
F2: offspring of F1 mated together
Homozygous – Homozygous
Suppose you cross a pea plant that is homozygous dominant (FF) for purple flowers with a pea plant that
is homozygous recessive (ff) for white flowers.
FF = purple Ff = purple ff = white
Set up a Cross:
Complete a Punnett Square

What is the genotypic ratio?

What is the phenotypic ratio?

Heterozygous – Heterozygous
Suppose you cross two purple-flowered pea plants that are both heterozygous (Ff).
FF = purple Ff = purple ff = white
Set up a Cross:
Complete a Punnett Square

What is the genotypic ratio?

What is the phenotypic ratio?

Heterozygous - Homozygous
Suppose you cross a pea plant that is heterozygous for purple flowers (Ff) with a pea plant that is
homozygous recessive for white flowers (ff).
FF = purple Ff = purple ff = white
Complete a Punnett Square

What is the genotypic ratio?

What is the phenotypic ratio?

Dihybrid Cross
Crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits.
9 genotypes
4 phenotypes
9 : 3 : 3 : 1 ratio
Parents have 2 different sets of alleles
Law of Independent Assortment
Mendel’s 2nd Law
Allele pairs independently of each other during gamete formation (meiosis)
Different appear to be inherited separately
Probability
Probability: the likelihood that a particular event will happen.