Lithification

Lithification (from the Ancient Greek word lithos meaning 'rock' and theLatin-derived suffix -ific) is the process in which sediments
compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock. Essentially, lithification is a process of porosity
destruction through compaction and cementation. Lithification includes all the processes which convert unconsolidated sediments
into sedimentary rocks. Petrifaction, though often used as a synonym, is more specifically used to describe the replacement of
organic
material by silica in the formation of fossils.[1]

See also
Diagenesis

References
1. Monroe, J.S.; Wicander, R.; Hazlett, R.W. (2006). Physical Geology: Exploring the Earth(6th ed.). Belmont:
Thomson. pp. 203–204.ISBN 9780495011484.

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